제주도 바지락에 기생하는 바지락포자충 , Perkinsus sp. 의 공간적 분포 및 조직학적 관찰

최광식(Kwang Sik Choi),박경일(Kyung Il Park) 한국환경생물학회 2001 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.19 No.1

N/A The apicomplexan parasite, Perkinsus sp., has been reported as a causative pathogen responsible for the mass mortality of the Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum in European countries as well as in Korea. Prevalence, infection intensity, histopathologic features and zoosporulation of Perkinsus found in the Manila clams distributed along the coast of Cheju Island were investigated in this study. Clams were collected from nine different beaches along the Cheju Island from May to July in 2000. Ray`s Fluid Thioglycollate Medium(RFTM) and Choi`s NaOH lysis methods were applied in the diagnosis and quantification of the Perkinsus infection. Prevalence, percentage infection of the parasite examined was 100% in Pyosun, 70% in Sungsan, 63% in Kumneong, 33% in Jongdalri, 21% in Iho, 17% in Moslpo, and 14% in Seogwipo. No Perkinsus was found in the clams collected from Kimnyong and Yongmeo-ri. Infection intensity as a number of Perkinsus cells per gram tissue wet weight(twwt), was 98,430 cells/g twwt in Pyosun, 78,553 cells/g twwt in Sungsan, 18,980 cells/g twwt in Kumneong, 4,290 cells/g twwt in Jongdalri, 1,527 cells/g twwt in Iho, 1,069 cells/g twwt in Moslpo, and 853 cells/g twwt in Seogwipo. Histological preparation of the infected tissues revealed trophozoites of Perkinsus sp., ranged from 5 to 10㎛, in diameter mostly distibuted in the digestive gland and the gill filaments. Zoospores were discharged from the hypnospore via discharging tube about 2 days after incubated in filtered and aerated seawater. In general, the prevalence and infection intensity of Perkinsus in Cheju Island were much lower than that reported from the western and southern coast of Korea.

S-562 : MicroRNA-155 as a proinflammatory regulator in acute gouty arthritis

( Jung Ho Choi ),( Hye Mi Jin ),( Moon Ju Kim ),( Young Nan Cho ),( Kwang Il Nam ),( Seung Jung Kee ),( Jang Bae Moon ),( Dong Jin Park ),( Yong Wook Park ),( Shin Seok Lee ),( Tae Jong Ki ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Introduction: MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is crucial for the proinflammatory activation of human myeloid cells and antigen-driven inflammatory arthritis. Since, the functional role of miR-155 in gouty arthritis has not been defined. The aim of this study was to examine the role of miR-155 in pathogenesis of gouty arthritis. Materials and methods: Samples from fourteen patients with gouty arthritis and ten healthy controls were obtained. Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals were prepared by recrystallization from uric acid. Total RNA was isolated using the miRNeasy kit (Qiagen). The miScript Reverse Transcription Kit (Qiagen) was used for cDNA preparation. MiScript primer assay (Qiagen) were used for semiquantitative determination of the expression of human miR-155. Human TNF-α and IL-1β in supernatants were measured by Luminex (Millipore, USA) according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Gout peritonitis mice (Male C57BL/6J) model used to analyze expressions of miR-155, Src homology 2-containing inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1), and inflammatory cytokines. Results: The samples from gout patients proved to be highly enriched in miR-155, with levels of expression being 4-fold higher than those found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy controls and gout (p<0.05). miR-155 was found to be strongly induced by stimulation of MSU crystals after 24 hours and their expressions gradually decreased. Stimulating with MSU crystals for the indicated times, and the level of SHIP-1 was found to be gradually decreased in according to over-expression of miR-155. miR-155 promoted MSU-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Commensurate with our observations in human synovial monocytes, miR-155 expression was elevated in gout mice model. SHIP-1 protein levels were markedly reduced in cells by MSU stimulated, compared to the control. MSU crystal induced peritonitis mice significantly increased the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β. Conclusion: Overexpression of miR-155 in synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC) led to down-regulation of SHIP-1 and an increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines.

곰소만에 있어 바지락포자충 , Perkinsus sp. 의 출현에 관하여

박경일(Kyung Il Park),최광식(Kwang Sik Choi),최진우(Jin Woo Choi) 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Mass mortality of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum has been reported all along the west and south coast of Korea for the past several years. As a pathogenic agent, Perkinsus sp., an endoparasitic protozoan has been identified in this study and believed to be responsible for the mass mortalities. Prevalence and infection intensity of Perkinsus sp. was investigated from a Manila clam population inhabiting at Komsoe Bay in the west coast where mass mortality of the clam has been reported. A total of 142 Manila clam, 50 oyster, Crassostrea gigas, 10 ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii, and 5 predatory gastropoda, Rapsna venosa were examined for the presence and the quantity of Perldnsus sp. Ray`s fluid thioglycollate medium method (FTM method) with modified Mackin`s infection intensity scale and Choi`s quantitative method were used in detecting and quantifying the parasite. All individuals of R. philippinarum examined in this study were infected with Perkinsus sp., indicaliag 100% prevalence white none of the oysters and the gastropods exhibited the parasite. Six to ten individual hypnospores of Perkinsus sp. were counted from the ark shells. The number of hypnospores in the clam tissues varied from 16,667 to 4,091,667, with a mean number of 1,077,628. Average infection intensity according to Mackin`s was 2.87, indicating a moderate infection. A negative correlation was observed between the number of Perkinsus sp. in the tissue and the condition index, a ratio tissue wet weight to shell cavity volume. The clam size and the infection intensity in terms of total number of parasites were positively correlated; the bigger clam, the heavier infection. Such high number of Perkinsus sp. counted in the clams could be enough to cause physiological disturbance of clams, such as retarded growth and reproduction. It is also believed that such a high infection leads mortality of the clam via continuous draining of the energy by metabolic activities and reproduction of the parasites. Correlation between the condition index and the infection intensity observed in this study supports this hypothesis.

Humic acid가 카드뮴 어독성에 미치는 영향

류지성,정규혁,최필선,이길철,최덕일,최성수,류홍일,박광식 한국환경독성학회 1998 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Cadmium, a major aquatic pollutant in many parts of the world, is toxic and readily accumulated in aquatic organisms. It mainly exists in water as complexes with organic ligands such as dissolved organic carbon and this complexation is known to have effects on the aquatic toxicities. In this study, acute toxicity, histology, and bioaccumulation were studied to evaluate effects of humic acid on cadmium toxicity and bioavailability to fish using Oryzias latipcs and Cypriruts carpio. 96h~LC50 of cadmium was 6.38 mg/L using Oryzias latipes. However, the mortality showed the dose-dependent decrease when humic acid was added to the test solution. When fish were exposed to 5 mg/L of cadmium, histological changes in the exposed organs (caudal fins, gills, kidney, liver, and gut) of Cyprinifs carpio were decreased by humic acid, especially in kidney and liver. Bioaccumulation of cadmium also decreased by treatment of humic acid. It seems that the formation of complexes between cadmium and humic acid may decrease bioavailability of cadmium to fish, and thus reduce the toxic effects of cadmium.

Humic acid가 카드뮴 어독성에 미치는 영향

류지성,정규혁,최필선,이길철,최덕일,최성수,류홍일,박광식 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Cadmium, a major aquatic pollutant in many parts of the world, is toxic and readily accumulated in aquatic organisms. It mainly exists in water as complexes with organic ligands such as dissolved organic carbon and this complexation is known to have effects on the aquatic toxicities. In this study, acute toxicity, histology, and bioaccumulation were studied to evaluate effects of humic acid on cadmium toxicity and bioavailability to fish using Oryzias latipes and Cyprinus carpio. 96h-LC50 of cadmium was 6.38 ㎎/L using Oryzias latipes. However, the mortality showed the dose-dependent decrease when humic acid was added to the test solution. When fish were exposed to 5㎎/L of cadmium, histological changes in the exposed organs(caudal fins, gills, kidney, liver, and gut) of Cyprinus carpio were decreased by humic acid, especially in kidney and liver. Bioaccumulation of cadmium also decreased by treatment of humic acid. It seems that the formation of complexes between cadmium and humic acid may decrease bioavailability of cadmium to fish, and thus reduce the toxic effects of cadmium.

관절1호방이 Collagen Ⅱ로 유발된 관절염 억제에 관한 연구

한규진 ( Kyu Jin Han ),진광선 ( Kwang Seon Jin ),신혜란 ( Hye Ran Shin ),윤일지 ( Il Ji Yoon ),최승훈 ( Seung Hoon Choi ),오민석 ( Min Seok Oh ) 한방재활의학과학회 2005 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Objectives : The aim of this study was to know the immunity responses of Gwanjulbang-1(Quanjiefang-1)(hereinafter referred to GJB-1) to on Rheumatoid Arthritis in Collagen-induced Arthritis(CIA) Mice Methods : For this purpose, experiments were performed to measure the cytotoxicity against mLFC, hFLSs and the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ in hFLSs and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 and the value of CD3+(T), CD19+(B), CD3+/CD69+, CD4, γδ T cells, CD4+/CD25+ Results : 1. The cytotoxicity against mLFC, hFLSs were not measured. 2. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ were reduced in hFLSs. 3. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 were increased. 4. Statistically significant value of CD3+(T), CD19+(B), CD3+/CD69+, CD4, γδ T cells, CD4+/CD25+ compared with control group, wild type, MTX. Conclusions : Comparison of the results for this study showed that GJB-1 had immunomodulatory effects of suppressing or enhancing. So we expect that GJB-1 should be used as a effective drugs for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune disease. Therefore we have to survey continuously in looking for the effective substance and mechanism in the future.

TPA로 유도된 마우스 귀 부종 동물모델에서 소목추출물의 항염증 효과

음원식(Won Sik Eum),이광재(Kwang-Jae Lee),김대원(Dae Won Kim),임순성(Soon Sung Lim),강일준(Il-Jun Kang),박진서(Jinseu Park),최수영(Soo Young Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구를 통하여 TPA로 유도한 마우스 귀 부종 염증반응에 대한 소목추출물의 항염증 효능과 기전을 확인하였다. 소목추출물은 TPA로 유도한 마우스 귀 부종을 억제하였으며, TPA에 의한 염증관련 단백질인 COX-2 발현 및 cytokine(IL-6, TNF-α 그리고 IL-1β)의 mRNA 발현을 현저히 감소시켰다. 또한 TPA에 의한 NF-κB 및 MAPK의 활성을 억제하였다. 본 연구 결과, 소목추출물은 NF-κB 및 MAPK의 신호전달을 억제함으로서 항염증 효능을 나타내었다. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from Caesalpinia sappan L. (CSL) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in mice. Skin inflammation was detected by immunohistochemistry and the protein and mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR. The activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were analyzed by Western blotting. CSL extracts markedly inhibited the TPA-induced expression of COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Also, CSL extracts significantly reduced the activation of NF-κB and MAPK. These results suggest that CSL extracts may serve as therapeutic agents against skin diseases related to inflammation.

Adiponectin is a negative regulator of NK cell cytotoxicity.

Kim, Kun-Yong,Kim, Jae Kwang,Han, Seung Hyun,Lim, Jong-Seok,Kim, Keun Il,Cho, Dae Ho,Lee, Myeong-Sok,Lee, Jeong-Hyung,Yoon, Do-Young,Yoon, Suk Ran,Chung, Jin Woong,Choi, Inpyo,Kim, Eunjoon,Yang, Young American Association of Immunologists 2006 Journal of Immunology Vol.176 No.10

<P>NK cells are a key component of innate immune systems, and their activity is regulated by cytokines and hormones. Adiponectin, which is secreted from white adipose tissues, plays important roles in various diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. In this study the effect of adiponectin on NK cell activity was investigated. Adiponectin was found to suppress the IL-2-enhanced cytotoxic activity of NK cells without affecting basal NK cell cytotoxicity and to inhibit IL-2-induced NF-kappaB activation via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase, indicating that it suppresses IL-2-enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity through the AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. IFN-gamma enhances NK cell cytotoxicity by causing an increase in the levels of expression of TRAIL and Fas ligand. The production of IFN-gamma, one of the NF-kappaB target genes in NK cells, was also found to be suppressed by adiponectin, accompanied by the subsequent down-regulation of IFN-gamma-inducible TRAIL and Fas ligand expression. These results clearly demonstrate that adiponectin is a potent negative regulator of IL-2-induced NK cell activation and thus may act as an in vivo regulator of anti-inflammatory functions.</P>

MicroRNA-155 as a proinflammatory regulator via SHIP-1 down-regulation in acute gouty arthritis

Jin, Hye Mi,Kim, Tae-Jong,Choi, Jung-Ho,Kim, Moon-Ju,Cho, Young-Nan,Nam, Kwang-Il,Kee, Seung-Jung,Moon, Jang Bae,Choi, Seok-Yong,Park, Dong-Jin,Lee, Shin-Seok,Park, Yong-Wook BioMed Central 2014 ARTHRITIS RESEARCH AND THERAPY Vol.16 No.2

<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Gout is characterized by episodes of intense joint inflammation in response to intra-articular monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals. miR-155 is crucial for the proinflammatory activation of human myeloid cells and antigen-driven inflammatory arthritis. The functional role of miR-155 in acute gouty arthritis has not been defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the role of miR-155 in pathogenesis of acute gouty arthritis.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Samples from 14 patients with acute gouty arthritis and 10 healthy controls (HCs) were obtained. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) were cultured <I>in vitro</I> with MSU crystals, and gene expression (human miR-155 and SHIP-1) were assessed by real-time PCR. THP-1 cells were stimulated by MSU crystals and/or miR-155 transfection and then subjected to Western blot analysis. Levels of human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β in cell culture supernatants were measured by Luminex. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed gout tissues with anti–SHIP-1 antibody. A C57BL/6 J male mouse model of gout was used to analyze the expressions of miR-155, SHIP-1, and inflammatory cytokines.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The samples from gouty arthritis were highly enriched in miR-155, with levels of expression being higher than those found in PBMC from HC. Treatment of the cells with MSU crystals strongly induced miR-155. In addition, overexpression of miR-155 in the cells decreased levels of SHIP-1 and promoted production of MSU-induced proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β. Consistent with <I>in vitro</I> observations, miR-155 expression was elevated in the mouse model of gout. The production of inflammatory cytokines was markedly increased in MSU crystal induced peritonitis mice.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Overexpression of miR-155 in the gouty SFMC leads to suppress SHIP-1 levels and enhance proinflammatory cytokines.</P>

만성 간염에서 Interleukin-6의 간내발현

김성숙(Sung Sook Kim),김도영(Doe Young Kim),문일환(Il Whan Moon),변광호(Kwang Ho Pyun),최인표(In Pyo Choi) 대한소화기학회 1995 대한소화기학회지 Vol.27 No.4

N/A Rackground/Aims: Interleukin-6 (lL-6), also known as B cell stimulatory factor 2(BSF-2), induces the final maturation of B cells to antitxxiy-producing cells. IL-6 has many biologic properties including the immune and intlammatory responses. This study wos aimed to evaluate the role of local interleukin 6(IL-6) in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis. Methods; We examined the cellular site and grade of IL-6 staining in paraffin sections of the liver from 24 patients with liver disease, using immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal antitwdy. The patient. Were divided into two groups; Group A(n=l3) with high histologic uctivi1y consisted of CAH-type B(n=10) ond active cirrhosis(n=3), whilc Group B(n= l l) with low hi.itologic activity consisted of CPH-type B(n=4), inactive cirrhosis(n=2) and fatty liver(n=S). Results: There was no staining of IL-6 in normal liver tissue. Thv grade.I of IL-6 staining in Group A were three positive in seven cases (53.81o), two positive in five ca.ics(38.3%) and one positive in only one case(7.7%), while those in Group B were one positivc in three cases(27.3%) ancl trace in eight case.(72.7ln). IL-6 stained cells in chronic hepatitis were hepatocytcs, cspecially in the areu ot' piecemeol necrosi.I, bilc duct cel1., infiltrating inflammatory cells and endothelial cell.I. The score of histological activity index(HAJ), piecemeal necrosis and fibrasis and thc gradv. Of 1L-6 staining of Group A were ull significantly higher than those of Group B. The grade of IL-6 staining and HAI werc well correlated(r =0.74, p 0.0l), Conclusion: Locally produced IL-6 in the liver may contribute to the inflammatory process and immunological response in chronic hepatiti.. (Korean 3 Gastroenterol 1995;27:403-411)