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Application of Continuous Hemofiltration (CHF) to Critically Ill Surgical Patients
Kwang Bo Kwun,Hee Won Ham,Min Chul Shim,Bo Yang Suh,Sung Hoon Kim Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine 1986 Acute and Critical Care Vol.1 No.1
Continuous hemofiltration (CHF) is an extracorporeal process in which fluid electrolytes and other lower molecular weight substances are removed from the patient by ultrafiltration over an extended period. There are several kind of small handy commercially available hemofilters. This device requires only a small amount of blood flow rate (20-70 ml/min) for effective hemofiltration so we applied CHF for various patients who needed dialysis but whose clinical condition precluded either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. 8 patients were treated. 6 were extremely unstable hemodynamically (mean BP around 60mmHg) and 4 were not indicated for peritoneal dialysis because of abdominal pathologies. Angioaccess was by percutaneous needle puncture artery and venous catheterization or Scribner shunt. Average duration of CHF was 55 hours ranging 24-96 hours. Hemofiltration rate were about 3-12 ml/min. Chemical composition of filtrate was same as plasma except very low protein and protein-bound substances. Removal of urea was 5-17 Gms/24hrs. Fluid loss from CHF was replaced by volume to volume. For 4 patients with massive fluid overload volume replacement was restricted to none to I/2 of this filtrates, ln these 4 patients, average about 2,000ml/24hrs of negative fluid balances were achieved without significant hemodynamic alteration. CHF is a simple, safe and effective treatment for acute renal failure and volume overloaded patients who are not indicated for either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis due to their conditions.
쥐의 대동맥손상 후 발생한 혈관내막증식증에서 Matrix Metalloproteinase(MMP) 발현의 의의
김광수,권우형,김범석,서보양,권굉보,백석환 대한혈관외과학회 2002 Vascular Specialist International Vol.18 No.1
Purpose: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and proliferation are important for neo-intimal formation after arterial injury. Migration of VSMCs requires degradation of basement membrane and extracelluar matrix surrounding the cell, and there is increasing evidence that VSMCs produce extre-celluar matrix-degradating proteinases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after arterial injury. To assess the role of MMPs in VSMCs prolifetation, migration and intimal thickening, we measured the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the balloon-injured rat aorta model Method: Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting of 250~300 gm were underwent aortic intimal depudation with 2F balloon catheter. Aorta was harvested at various time intervals of 1, 3, 5, 7, 21 days and then analyzed the MMP expression used by gelatin zymography. Intimal hyperplasia caused by balloon injury was confirmed by microscopic examination. Result: MMP-2 (72 kD) was constitutively expressed in the normal aorta and was not increased substantially after injury. But eht expression of 62 kd forms, which is activated form of MMP-2, was significantly increased during the period of 5 through 7 days after injury (P < 0.05). The expression of MMP-9 (92 kd) was significantly increased at 1st day after injury and diminished thereafter (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that activated MMP-2 (62 kD) and MMP-9 (92 kD) may play an important role in VSMCs migration and formation of intitnal byper-plasia after arterial injury. And the activated form of MMP-2 (62 kD) seems to be involved mainly in degradation of basement membrane and matrix.
Kim, Dae-Kyoung,Chae, Jimin,Hong, Seok-Bo,Park, Hanbum,Jeong, Kwang-Sik,Park, Hyun-Woo,Kwon, Se-Ra,Chung, Kwun-Bum,Cho, Mann-Ho The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.48
<P>We evaluated the change in the chemical structure between dielectrics (AlOx and HfOx) grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and oxidized black phosphorus (BP), as a function of air exposure time. Chemical and structural analyses of the oxidized phosphorus species (PxOy) were performed using atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, first-principles density functional theory calculations, and the electrical characteristics of field-effect transistors (FETs). Based on the combined experiments and theoretical investigations, we clearly show that oxidized phosphorus species (PxOy, until exposed for 24 h) are significantly decreased (self-reduction) during the ALD of AlOx. In particular, the field effect characteristics of a FET device based on Al2O3/AlOx/oxidized BP improved significantly with enhanced electrical properties, a mobility of ∼253 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> and an on-off ratio of ∼10<SUP>5</SUP>, compared to those of HfO2/HfOx/oxidized BP with a mobility of ∼97 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> and an on-off ratio of ∼10<SUP>3</SUP>-10<SUP>4</SUP>. These distinct differences result from a significantly decreased interface trap density (<I>D</I>it ∼ 10<SUP>11</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP> eV<SUP>−1</SUP>) and subthreshold gate swing (SS ∼ 270 mV dec<SUP>−1</SUP>) in the BP device caused by the formation of stable energy states at the AlOx/oxidized BP interface, even with BP oxidized by air exposure.</P>