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Characterization of crystalline linear (1→3)-α-<small>D</small>-glucan synthesized <i>in vitro</i>
Kobayashi, Kayoko,Hasegawa, Takuto,Kusumi, Ryosuke,Kimura, Satoshi,Yoshida, Makoto,Sugiyama, Junji,Wada, Masahisa Applied Science Publishers 2017 Carbohydrate polymers Vol.177 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated the crystal structure and molecular arrangement of the linear (1→3)-α-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-glucan synthesized by glucosyltransferase GtfJ cloned from <I>Streptococcus salivarius</I> using sucrose as a substrate. The synthetic products had two morphologies: wavy fibril-like crystals as major and thin lamellae as minor products. Their structures were analyzed using electron microdiffraction, synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, and solid-state <SUP>13</SUP>C NMR spectroscopy. The fibrils and lamellae had the same allomorphic form but different molecular arrangements. The wet crystals were in a hydrated form, which converted into an anhydrous form with a significant decrease in crystallinity on drying. The hydrated and anhydrous forms had an extended-chain conformation with 2/1 helix, and the hydrated form was estimated to contain one water molecule per glucose residue. The long glucan chains were folded in the fibril crystals, while the short, extended chains were arranged perpendicular to the base plane of the lamellae.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> (1→3)-α-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-Glucan was synthesized by recombinant glucosyltransferase sing sucrose. </LI> <LI> The synthetic products had two morphologies: wavy fibril and thin lamella. </LI> <LI> Both products had the same crystal structures but different molecular arrangements. </LI> <LI> Molecular chains were folded in the fibril but extended in the lamellar crystals. </LI> <LI> The hydrated form was converted into an anhydrous form by drying. </LI> </UL> </P>
Takashi Ozaki,Atsuhito Toyomaki,Naoki Hashimoto,Ichiro Kusumi 대한정신약물학회 2021 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.19 No.2
Objective: The effect of antipsychotic drugs on quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) has been mainly examined by the administration of a single test dose or among patients using combinations of other psychotropic drugs. We therefore investigated the effects of strict monotherapy with antipsychotic drugs on quantitative EEG among schizophrenia patients. Methods: Data from 2,364 medical reports with EEG results from psychiatric patients admitted to the Hokkaido University Hospital were used. We extracted EEG records of patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and who were either undergoing strict antipsychotic monotherapy or were completely free of psychotropic drugs. The spectral power was compared between drug-free patients and patients using antipsychotic drugs. We also performed multiple regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between spectral power and the chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose of antipsychotics in all the patients. Results: We included 31 monotherapy and 20 drug-free patients. Compared with drug-free patients, patients receiving antipsychotic drugs demonstrated significant increases in theta, alpha and beta power. When patients taking different types of antipsychotics were compared with drug-free patients, we found no significant change in any spectrum power for the aripiprazole or blonanserin groups. Patients taking risperidone demonstrated significant increases in alpha and beta power. Patients taking clozapine and olanzapine demonstrated significant slow wave increases. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the chlorpromazine equivalent dose was positively associated with theta power. Conclusion: Use of any antipsychotic drug by patients was associated with a dose-dependent increase in theta power. However, each type of antipsychotic demonstrated different spectral power changes.
Shogo Watari,Takaharu Ichikawa,Hiromasa Shiraishi,Moto Tokunaga,Risa Kubota,Norihiro Kusumi,Tomoyasu Tsushima 대한비뇨의학회 2023 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.64 No.2
Purpose: The usefulness of the urine loss ratio in the early postoperative period for prognosis of long-term urinary continence after radical prostatectomy has not been fully determined. Materials and Methods: All patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer at our institution between November 2015 and March 2021 were retrospectively included. We investigated the rate of continence achievement 1 year after surgery, as well as the associated risk factors for reduced continence achievement, classified by every 10% of the urine loss ratio. Results: Of the 100 patients with available urine loss ratio data, 66 achieved urinary continence. Ninety-three percent of patients with urine loss ratios of ≤10%, 40%–75% of patients with urine loss ratios of 11%–80%, and 20%–36% of patients with urine loss ratios of >80%, achieved continence. The logistic regression analysis showed that the urine loss ratio severity, body mass index (BMI) of >25 kg/m2, and smoking history were unfavorable to achieve urinary continence. A BMI of ≤25 kg/m2 was favorable for urinary continence achievement, but only up to an 80% urine loss ratio. Nonsmokers achieved continence well, even with a urine loss ratio of >80%. Conclusions: Classifying patients into three groups based on their urine loss ratios is potentially useful for urinary continence prognosis. Smoking and obesity were risk factors for continued urinary incontinence, although the prognostic accuracy was expected to improve when considering the severity of the urine loss ratio.
Yoo, Soo-Cheul,Cho, Sung-Hwan,Sugimoto, Hiroki,Li, Jinjie,Kusumi, Kensuke,Koh, Hee-Jong,Iba, Koh,Paek, Nam-Chon American Society of Plant Physiologists 2009 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.150 No.1
<P>The virescent3 (v3) and stripe1 (st1) mutants in rice (Oryza sativa) produce chlorotic leaves in a growth stage-dependent manner under field conditions. They are temperature-conditional mutants that produce bleached leaves at a constant 20 degrees C or 30 degrees C but almost green leaves under diurnal 30 degrees C/20 degrees C conditions. Here, we show V3 and St1, which encode the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), RNRL1, and RNRS1, respectively. RNR regulates the rate of deoxyribonucleotide production for DNA synthesis and repair. RNRL1 and RNRS1 are highly expressed in the shoot base and in young leaves, and the expression of the genes that function in plastid transcription/translation and in photosynthesis is altered in v3 and st1 mutants, indicating that a threshold activity of RNR is required for chloroplast biogenesis in developing leaves. There are additional RNR homologs in rice, RNRL2 and RNRS2, and eukaryotic RNRs comprise alpha(2)beta(2) heterodimers. In yeast, RNRL1 interacts with RNRS1 (RNRL1:RNRS1) and RNRL2:RNRS2, but no interaction occurs between other combinations of the large and small subunits. The interacting activities are RNRL1:RNRS1 > RNRL1:rnrs1(st1) > rnrl1(v3):RNRS1 > rnrl1(v3):rnrs1(st1), which correlate with the degree of chlorosis for each genotype. This suggests that missense mutations in rnrl1(v3) and rnrs1(st1) attenuate the first alphabeta dimerization. Moreover, wild-type plants exposed to a low concentration of an RNR inhibitor, hydroxyurea, produce chlorotic leaves without growth retardation, reminiscent of v3 and st1 mutants. We thus propose that upon insufficient activity of RNR, plastid DNA synthesis is preferentially arrested to allow nuclear genome replication in developing leaves, leading to continuous plant growth.</P>