CASE STUDY FORMAT PREFERENCES OF PRE-EXPERIENCE AND EXECUTIVE STUDENTS: CONJOINT EXPERIMENT APPROACH

Kristina Maiksteniene 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

Current research aims to investigate how marketing students’ case format preferences relate to their managerial experience. Results of a full-profile conjoint experiment reveal specific differences in case format preferences between the two groups: pre-experience and executive students. This poses meaningful implications for case format differentiation practices in marketing classes.

EU Law on Cross-Border Flows of Personal Data in a Global Perspective

Kristina Irion 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2018 경제규제와 법 Vol.11 No.2

This year’s conference of the Center for Law and Public Utilities (CeLPU) explored the Law’s Evolution and Response to Data-Driven Innovation. As a topic it connects the rise of data-intensive businesses and the global flow of data with law’s responses to these phenomena. It rekindles notions of countries’ jurisdiction and sovereignty, human rights and the corresponding need for the interoperability of legal systems. One legal sub-system that springs to our mind concerns the protection of individuals’ privacy and personal data. Personal data is peculiar in the way it brings the dignity of a human being together with valuable economic properties. This ambiguity is the reason why personal data protection and data flows are closing in on each other in an increasingly connected and data-driven society. The EU has a key role to play in the global governance of privacy and in particularly regarding the protection of personal data. This role accrues to the EU by virtue of its external relations with third countries stretching over two policy areas for which it has exclusive competences: international transfers of personal data and external commercial policy. This paper aims to convey EU data protection law and reflect its approach to cross-border flows of personal data in a global perspective. The argument passes through four consecutive stages: first, we will lay the necessary background in the constitutional and regulatory trajectory of personal data protection in the EU. We will proceed to revisit EU governance of cross-border flows of personal data to third countries that will help us to understand the logic of adequacy that is central to EU fundamental rights approach. Next we are going to turn our attention to the impeding stand-off between free trade agreements and domestic data protection law before we explain how the EU plans to regain consistency between its external trade and data protection policies. Last but not least, we will resolve some of the tension between cross-border digital trade and EU-style personal data protection with recourse to a study from the Privacy Bridges project family. Grounded in the understanding of how deeply entrenched the protection of privacy and personal data have become in EU law and jurisprudence, this paper sets out to establish realistic coordinates for cross-border flows of personal data. We conclude that the EU will throw its weight behind its brand-new General Data Protection Regulation when negotiating digital trade and cross-border data flows. Building privacy bridges could offer a more realistic and constructive path forward that is to a certain extent respectful of local differences while focusing efforts on practical solutions that deliver for individuals and companies alike.

Effect of inwards FDI on new venture creation, industrialization and economic growth in Russia: A timeseries ARDL approach

Kristina, Yuryeva,He, Zhengquan Kyung Hee University Management Research Institute 2022 Asia pacific journal of business review Vol.7 No.1

This research aimed to clarify the impacts casted by inwards FDI on New venture creation, industrialization, and the economic growth of Russia. For all of these variables, data was taken about Russia from the site of The World Bank, and the selected duration was from 1995 to 2019. The total duration of the data taken was from 24 years. The time duration was well enough for applying the A.R.D.L. approach to the time series data of the study. This research used the unit root test to know the presence of the unit root for each variable, the lag order selection was made for the data, the bounds cointegration test was also applied, and ARDL Model was used to know about the different effects. With the help of the results derived, it was observed that the impact of private sector investment on new venture creation is significant. In contrast, foreign direct investment and research and development (R&D) effects on new venture creation are insignificant. It was also observed from the results that the impact of R&D on industrialization in Russia is significant, while the effects of FDI and the impact of private sector investment on industrialization in Russia is insignificant. We have fund that the effect of FDI and the impact of private sector investment on the economic growth of Russia is significant. In contrast, the impact of R&D is insignificant to the economic growth of Russia. The study is of great significance as it has raised the importance of R&D for industrialization, FDI, and PSI for economic growth and new venture creation for developing countries.

A Rare Case of Idiopathic Pyometra in a Premenopausal Patient

( Kristina M. Mori ),( Howard D. Epstein ),( Michael C. Roossin ),( Bram H. Goldstein ) 대한폐경학회 2020 대한폐경학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Pyometra is a very uncommon disease principally occurring in postmenopausal women. It is characterized by the accumulation of purulent material within the uterine cavity. This paper presents the clinical history of a 35-year-old premenopausal woman with otherwise normal menstruation who developed heavy menstruation and was diagnosed with a benign pyometra of indeterminate etiology in March 2017. The patient underwent repeated ultrasound-guided drainage, dilation and curettage, and antibiotic therapy. Biopsies of the pelvic sidewall revealed endometriosis in June 2017. The heavy menstruation and suppurative fluid in the uterus of the patient persisted in which intramuscular leuprolide acetate was prescribed to address the endometriosis and heavy menstrual bleeding. Ultimately, the leuprolide acetate effectively resolved the patient’s bleeding and pyometra. The medication was concluded after 12 months of supervision and the patient is currently symptom free. Pyometra is an unusual condition rarely identified in premenopausal women. Drainage and antibiotic therapy are routinely employed; however, one may consider gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist medication to potentially confer a beneficial patient outcome in rare cases where endometriosis and bleeding are intractable.

Sodium Propionate or Sodium Butyrate Promotes Fatty Acid Oxidation in HepG2 Cells Under Oxidative Stress

Kristina J. Cook,Ann Coulter,Michael Keenan,Frank Greenway,Jack N. Losso 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.1

The beneficial effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) and sodium propionate (NaP) on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) genes and production of proinflammatory cytokines related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were evaluated using HepG2 human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells exposed to palmitate/oleate or lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a model. The results showed that NaP or NaB was able to promote FAO, regulate lipolysis, and reduce reactive oxygen species production by significantly increasing the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 alpha (CPT1α), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in HepG2 cells. Together, NaP and NaB may produce greater effects by increasing CPT1α, PPARα, and UCP2 mRNA expression in LPS-treated HepG2 cells and by increasing CPT1α and ATGL mRNA expression in palmitate-/oleate-treated HepG2 cells. Only NaP treatment significantly increased FGF21 mRNA expression in palmitate-/oleate-treated HepG2 cells. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that only pretreatment with LPSs and not palmitate/oleate significantly increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression in HepG2 cells. NaP alone or in combination with NaB significantly decreased TNF-α expression in LPS-induced HepG2 cells. The expression of interleukin-8 in both models showed no significant differences in all treatments. NaP and NaB show potential for in vivo studies on NAFLD.

Understanding How to Tune Microstructure and Polymer Properties via Reaction Conditions for Low-Density Polyethylene

Kristina Pflug,Markus Busch 한국고분자학회 2019 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.44 No.2

Antimicrobial effect of different brushing frequencies with fluoride toothpaste on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species in children with fixed orthodontic appliances

Kristina Peros,Senka Mestrovic,Sandra Anic-Milosevic,Kata Rosin-Grget,Mladen Slaj 대한치과교정학회 2012 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.42 No.5

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of different frequencies of brushing with fluoride toothpaste on the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in children undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: The study included 22 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy distributed between 2 groups with different hygiene regimes. All the subjects received identical braces, bands, and brackets bonded with the same material. Stimulated saliva samples were obtained before placement of the appliance and at 6, 12, and 18 weeks during the therapy. Saliva samples were cultured on selective microbial agar for the detection of microorganisms. Results: Salivary mutans streptococci were significantly suppressed throughout the experimental period in the group that brushed 4 times a day as compared to the group that brushed twice a day. Salivary lactobacilli were not significantly affected by the frequency of brushing with 0.32% sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste. Conclusions: The use of 0.32% NaF-containing toothpaste more than 3 times a day has effective antimicrobial activity on mutans streptococci but not lactobacilli in the saliva of children with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Impact of nanomedicine on hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 activity: things to consider during pre-clinical and clinical studies

Kristina Jonsson‑Schmunk,Stephen C. Schafer,Maria A. Croyle 한국약제학회 2018 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.48 No.1

Hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is an important drug-metabolizing enzyme as it is responsible for metabolizing over 30% of currently marketed drugs across most therapeutic classes. CYP3A4 is regulated at various stages including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational expression. Changes made at any of these stages of CYP3A4 regulation could result in fluctuations in CYP3A4 levels and/or activity. These alterations are important to understand as they could lead to drug–drug interactions, sub-therapeutic levels or toxic levels of pharmaceutical drugs. Nanomedicine, the use of nanotechnology for treatment, diagnosis and monitoring of biological systems, is a growing market. This includes use of viral vectors for gene transfer and vaccine applications and nanoparticles based on gold and silver for various applications. Both have shown to alter CYP3A4 activity and function. Hence, during pre-clinical and clinical studies it is important to elucidate any effect of nanomedicines on CYP3A4 to avoid unintended changes in maintenance of medications due to changes in drug metabolism.

Impact of Smoking Cessation Training for Community Pharmacists in Indonesia

Kristina, Susi Ari,Thavorncharoensap, Montarat,Pongcharoensuk, Petcharat,Prabandari, Yayi Suryo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Background: Community pharmacists play an important role in tobacco control and adequate training on smoking cessation is essential. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was used. A one-day workshop on smoking cessation organized by Indonesian Pharmacists Association as part of PCE program was offered to 133 community pharmacists. The workshop consisted of a 3-hour lecture and a 3-hour role-play session. Pre-training and post-training surveys assessed the impact of training on parameters including knowledge, perceived role and self-efficacy with respect to smoking cessation counseling practices. Intention and ability to perform counseling using the 5A framework was assessed after training only. Results: After PCE, knowledge score significantly increased from $24.9{\pm}2.58$ to $35.7{\pm}3.54$ (p<0.001). Perceived role and self-efficacy in smoking cessation counseling also significantly increased from $25.8{\pm}2.73$ to $28.7{\pm}2.24$, and $27.6{\pm}4.44$ to $32.6{\pm}3.63$, respectively (p<0.001). After the workshop, most participants were willing to ask, advise, and assess patients who ready to quit, but were still less likely to assist in quitting plans and arranging follow up counseling. More than 75% pharmacists were able to perform cessation counseling and 65% of them can completely perform a 5A brief intervention. Conclusions: PCE can enhance pharmacists' knowledge, perceived role, self-efficacy in cessation counseling practices, and create willingness and ability to perform cessation counseling. Future training is recommended to improve skills in assisting quitting plans and arranging follow up.

[국문번역문] 개인정보의 국경 간 이전에 관한 EU 법률의 이해

Kristina Irion,권헌영(번역자) 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2018 경제규제와 법 Vol.11 No.2

2018년 공익산업법센터(CeLPU) 국제학술대회의 대주제는 ‘데이터 주도 혁신에 대한 법의 대응과 진화’다. 데이터를 중심으로 새로운 서비스와 산업이 증가함에 따라 국경을 넘어 활발하게 이루어지는 데이터의 흐름에 관한 법적 대응의 양상을 논하고자 하는 것이 그 핵심이다. 데이터 이전의 문제는 필연적으로 국가 주권과 관할권의 개념, 그리고 인권의 문제를 야기하기 마련이며, 이에 상응하는 법체계의 상호운용성을 필연적으로 다룰 수밖에 없다. 결국 개인의 프라이버시와 개인정보의 보호에 관한 법체계를 살펴보아야 한다. 개인정보는 인간의 존엄성과 깊은 연관성을 가짐과 동시에 경제적 가치도 가지게 되었다. 흔히 말하는 데이터 중심의 초연결시대에서 개인정보의 보호와 그러한 정보의 활용 및 이전에 관한 문제는 반드시 충돌할 수밖에 없다. 유럽연합(EU)은 프라이버시, 특히 개인정보보호에 관한 글로벌 거버넌스(global governance)의 중추를 이루고 있다. 국가간 개인정보의 전송이 이루어지는 환경에서 특정 국가들의 대외 경제 및 무역정책은 배타적인 관계를 갖게 마련인데, 유럽연합에서는 그러한 논의가 활발히 이뤄져 왔기 때문에 관련된 법체계가 빠르게 정립될 수 있었기 때문이다. 본 논문은 유럽연합의 정보보호법을 살펴보고 동 법이 개인정보의 국경 간 이전을 다루는 방식을 글로벌 관점에서 논하고자 한다. 이를 위해 필자는 먼저 유럽연합에서 개인정보를 보호하게 된 헌법적 배경을 살피고 역외 개인정보 이전에 관한 유럽연합의 현행 거버넌스를 검토하였다. 나아가 자유무역협정(FTA)과 역내 정보보호법의 충돌 문제를 다룸으로써 유럽연합이 역내 시민의 정보보호와 대외 경제정책을 어떻게 조화시키고자 하는지 살펴보았다. 결론으로 프라이버시 연결 프로젝트(the Privacy Bridges Project family)의 연구를 인용하며 유럽연합의 개인정보보호 정책과 국경 간 디지털 무역 사이에 존재할 수밖에 없는 긴장관계를 해결하기 위한 실마리를 제시하고자 하였다. 유럽연합의 법조계 및 법학계에서 프라이버시와 개인정보보호의 문제는 매우 깊게 다루어져 왔다. 이에 대한 이해를 도모하며 본 연구는 개인정보의 국외 이전에 대한 현실적인 좌표를 제시하고자 하였다. 유럽연합은 정보의 국외 이전과 디지털 경제의 문제를 중대하게 다룸으로써 대외 영향력을 확보하고 보편적으로 적용될 수 있는 새로운 개인정보보호법체계를 이끌 것이라고 보았다. 무엇보다 이러한 접근은 프라이버시 브릿지(privacy bridge)에 관한 제도적 토대를 마련함으로써 개인과 기업에 동등하게 적용되는 실용적인 해결책을 마련하고 지역적 차이를 해소할 수 있는 방향을 제시할 수 있다.