고온가열 살균처리가 굴 통조림의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향

공청식,강수태,김종태,오광수 경상대학교 해양산업연구소 2002 해양산업연구소보 Vol.15 No.-

보다 품질이 우수한 굴 통조림을 제조하기 위한 기초 자료를 제시할 목적으로, 원료 굴을 자숙한 후 301-3관에 충전, 밀봉하여 115℃에서 Fo값이 5~2O 되도록 가열살균처리를 하였으며 이같은 가열살균처리가 내용물의 물리적, 이화학적 성분의 변화 및 관능적 변화 등과 같은 굴 통조림의 전반적인 품질에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 제품의 수율은 Fo값이 증가할수록 약간씩 감소하였고, 수율은 79.2~83.7% 정도였다 가열처리중 시료 굴 통조림의 pH는 별 변화를 보이지 않았고, 휘발성 염기질소는 원료 굴의 육 성분이 분해되어 휘발성 염기성분이 생성됨에 따라 열처리정도에 따라 상당량 증가하였다. 원료 굴의 주요 구성지방산은 14:0, 16:0, 18:In9, 20:5n3 및 22:6n3 으로서, 고온가열처리를 많이 받을수록 포화 및 모노엔산의 조성비는 약간씩 증가한 반면 플리엔산은 약간씩 감소하였다. 고도불포화지방산의 잔존율 역시 Fo값이 증가할수륵 상당히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 시료 굴 통조림의 정미성분 중 유리아미노 산류는 자숙 및 가압 살균시 수분이 유출됨에 따라 처음에는 상당량 감소하였으나, 이후 열처리가 진행될수록 약간씩 증가하였다. Tau의 경우는 Fo값이 증가할수록 계속 감소하였다. Betaine은 생굴에 400.6 mg/100g으로 다량 함유되어 있었으며, 고온가열처리 중 상당량 감소하였다. 엑스분 중의 주요 무기이온성분은 Na, K, Mg 및 P 이었으며, 이들은 고온가열처리 중 Fo값이 증가할수록 상당량 감소하여 Fo 20 시료의 경우 대부분 무기이온성분들이 생굴에 비해 1/3 정도로 감소하였다. 조직감면에서는 고온에서의 열처리로 인한 조직의 연화보다는 가압에 따른 수분의 유출과 압착으로 인해 조직이 단단해지는 것으로 나타났다. 가열처리에 따른 굴 통조림의 관능적 특성의 변화에서 색조는 Fo값이 증가할수록 약간씩 갈변화되었고, 냄새는 가열처리를 많이 받을수록 대체로 좋은 평가를 받았다. 맛과 조직감은 가열처리의 정도에 따른 차이를 인지할 수 없었으며, 종합평가면에서 Fo 5~15시료간에는 유의적 차이가 인정되지 않았다. The boiled-oyster vacuum-packed in cylindrical can(No. 303-3) were thermally processed at 115℃ to reach Fo values of 5~20 min changes in food components and sensory evaluation of canned oyster by thermal processing at high temperature were investigated. The moisture contents of canned oyster meat decreased with the increasing of Fo values at 115℃, while crude protein contents relatively increased. The yield was slightly decreased with the increasing of Fo values(79.2 ~83.7% degrees), and volatile basic nitrogen(VBN) contents increased markedly with the increasing of Fo value. In fatty acid composition of canned oyster, the composition ratio of saturates and monoenes such as 14:0, 16:0 and 18:In9 increased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n3 and 22:6n3 decreased with the increasing of Fo value. In taste compounds, content of total free amino acid in raw oyster was 1,533.5 mg%, and this total content was slightly increase(1,140.8 mg%~l,266.2 mg% degrees) with the increasing of Fo values. The major free amino acids of canned oyster were Tau, Glu, Asp, Ala and Cys. But contents of betaine and ionic minerals such as Na, K, Mg and P decreased markedly by thermal processing at l15℃. As compared with Fo 5 min heat treatment; Fo 20 min heat treatment at 115'c became more hardened in texture of oyster meat. In sensory evaluations on organoleptic characteristics, no significant difference was observed among the canned oyster heated at Fo 5, 10 and 15 min.

Evaluation and Selection of Antioxidative Activities of 80 Collected and Mated Mushroom Strains

Won-Sik Kong,Seung-Hyun Kim,Jeong-Sik Park,Sang Joon Hahn,Ill-Min Chung 한국식품과학회 2004 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.13 No.5

매설 가스배관 내진 건전도 평가의 확률적 연구

공정식(Kong Jung Sik),이도형(Lee Do Hyung),김우식(Kim Woo Sik),정태영(Chung Tae Young) 대한토목학회 2006 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.10

Different GATA Factors Dictate <i>CCR3</i> Transcription in Allergic Inflammatory Cells in a Cell Type–Specific Manner

Kong, Su-Kang,Kim, Byung Soo,Uhm, Tae Gi,Lee, Wonyong,Lee, Gap Ryol,Park, Choon-Sik,Lee, Chul-Hoon,Chung, Il Yup The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 2013 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.190 No.11

<P>The chemokine receptor CCR3 is expressed in prominent allergic inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, mast cells, and Th2 cells. We previously identified a functional GATA element within exon 1 of the <I>CCR3</I> gene that is responsible for GATA-1–mediated <I>CCR3</I> transcription. Because allergic inflammatory cells exhibit distinct expression patterns of different GATA factors, we investigated whether different GATA factors dictate <I>CCR3</I> transcription in a cell type–specific manner. GATA-2 was expressed in EoL-1 eosinophilic cells, GATA-1 and GATA-2 were expressed in HMC-1 mast cells, and GATA-3 was preferentially expressed in Jurkat cells. Unlike a wild-type <I>CCR3</I> reporter, reporters lacking the functional GATA element were not active in any of the three cell types, implying the involvement of different GATA factors in <I>CCR3</I> transcription. RNA interference assays showed that small interfering RNAs specific for different GATA factors reduced <I>CCR3</I> reporter activity in a cell type–specific fashion. Consistent with these findings, chromatin immunoprecipitation and EMSA analyses demonstrated cell type–specific binding of GATA factors to the functional GATA site. More importantly, specific inhibition of the <I>CCR3</I> reporter activity by different GATA small interfering RNAs was well preserved in respective cell types differentiated from cord blood; in particular, GATA-3 was entirely responsible for reporter activity in Th2 cells and replaced the role predominantly played by GATA-1 and GATA-2. These results highlight a mechanistic role of GATA factors in which cell type–specific expression is the primary determinant of transcription of the <I>CCR3</I> gene in major allergic inflammatory cells.</P>

Thermal Aging of Dissimilar-Metal Weld Joints for Reactor Pressurized Vessels at Elevated Temperature

Kong, Won Sik,Kim, Chung Seok Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2016 Materials science forum Vol.857 No.-

<P>The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal aging of dissimilar metal welds for reactor pressurized vessels in the primary system of nuclear power plants. The influences of long-term aging of dissimilar-metal welds on microstructural and mechanical characteristics have been studied qualitatively and quantitatively. The dissimilar-metal welds composed of SA 508 Cl.3 low alloy steel and AISI 316L stainless steel are prepared after buttering alloy 82 on the SA 508 side by the gas tungsten arc welding process using Inconel 82 welding consumable. The test specimens are heat-treated at 600°C for 10000 hours at each predetermined aging time to simulate the degraded microstructure of dissimilar-metal welds subjected to high temperature and pressure. The long-term aging tests are interrupted at various stages to obtain the different level of degraded specimens. The microstructural changes in base metals and weld metal have been evaluated by the optical and electron microscope in relation with twins, grains, precipitates, and phase transformation. The residual stress and mechanical softening were also discussed in terms of microstructural changes during long-term aging.</P>

Diagrammatic Analysis of Self-Induced Polarization Ellipes Rotation

Chung,Chong Sam,Cho,Chang Ho,Kong,Chang Sik 培材大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

자기유도(Self-induced) 편광타원축 회전을 분석하기 위하여, 광학적 비선형 상호작용의 밀도 연산자로 표현되는 Double-sided Feynman 도표 방법이 도입되어 주파수 의존도를 고려한 ?? (-ω,ω,ω,ω)가 유도하였다. Double-sided Feynman diagrams, which trace the evolution of the density operator in time during nonlinear optical interaction, are used to analyze the process of self-induced polarization ellipse rotation. Frequency dependence on ?? (-ω,ω,ω,-ω) of self-induced polarization ellipse rotation is studied.

Injectable hydroxyapatite cement patch as an on-lay graft for the sellar reconstructions following endoscopic endonasal approach

Chung, Sang-Bong,Nam, Do-Hyun,Park, Kwan,Kim, Jong Hyun,Kong, Doo-Sik Springer-Verlag 2012 Acta neurochirurgica Vol.154 No.4

Floor Response Spectra Analysis Including Correlations of Multiple Support Motions

Yun Chung bang,Hyun Chang Hun,Kong Chung Sik,Youn Jae Seog 한국전산구조공학회 1993 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.6 No.4

주구조물의 여러층에 지지점을 가지는 부구조물의 웅답스펙트럼 해석방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 본 연구에 서는 지지점 입력간의 상관관계를 고려할 수 있으며, 실무에서 부구조물의 내진설계에 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 다증 응답스펙트럼 해석방법을 제시하였다. 다중 웅답스펙트럼과 지지점 입력간의 상관계수 스펙트럼은 추계 론적 진동이론을 이용하여 설계지반웅답스펙트럼으로부터 직접 유도하였다. 예제해석 결과 본 연구에서 제안 한 방볍은 지지점 업력간의 상관관계를 고려하지 않는 통상의 다중 응답스펙트럼 해석방볍보다 정확한 지진 웅답을 예측함을 알 수 있었다. This paper deals with the response spectra analysis method of the secondary structures including the correlation effect between the nonuniform multiple support excitations. Based on the random vi bration theory, the multiple floor response spectra and the cross-correlation coefficient spectra of the floor motions are derived from the design ground response spectra. The example analysis results show that the proposed method yields more accurate results than those by the conventional multiple floor response spectra method without the correlation effects of the support motions. The present method rnay be easily employed in the seismic design of the secondary structures in engineering practice.

Effect of Sensitization Treatment on Corrosion Properties in Austenitic Stainless Steel 304

Kim, Chung Seok,Moon, Seung Jae,Kong, Won Sik Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2016 Materials science forum Vol.857 No.-

<P>Chromium depletion in AISI304 stainless steel can lead to intergranular corrosion due to temperature conditions and degree of deformation, and consequently to materials failure. The aim of this work is to study the effect of sensitization treatment on the corrosion resistance in AISI304 stainless steel after solution heat treatment at 1,000°C. Sensitization treatments were carried out at 670°C for 1 h, 2h, 5h and 10h in the electrical furnace. The intergranular corrosion resistance of the sensitized specimens was evaluated by double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation test. The microstructure of the specimens before and after the corrosion tests was observed through optical and scanning electron microscope. Solution treatment shows the dual structure, however, aging for 5 hours depicts the ditch structure. The ratio of current density increased as a function of aging time resulted in increase in the degree of sensitization.</P>

Infrared Sphectrophotometry을 이용한 담석 분석

이성공(Song Kong Lee),박정수(Chung Soo Park),강진경(Jin Kyung Kang),이경식(Kyung Sik Lee),김춘규(Choon Kyu Kim) 대한외과학회 1983 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.25 No.2