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Hynda K. Kleinman,김경순,강훈희 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.6
The thin extracellular matrix that is found basally in epithelial and endothelial cells and around smooth muscle, peripheral nerves, and fat cells is known as the basement membrane. A murine tumor matrix extract, termed Matrigel, has provided an abundant source of basement membrane proteins (laminin, collagen IV, heparan sulfate, etc.). Matrigel gels at room temperature into a structure similar to the authentic matrix. Embryonic tissue explants, stem cells, and various cell types differentiate when cultured on Matrigel. Matrigel has been used in various in vitro assays for angiogenesis, cell invasion, spheroid formation, organoid formation from a single cell, etc. In vivo Matrigel improves/promotes tumor xenograft growth and is used to measure angiogenesis, improve heart and spinal cord repair, increase tissue transplant take, etc. Endothelial cells plated on top of Matrigel form capillarylike tubules. The gene for thymosin beta 4 was induced at 4 h after plating endothelial cells on Matrigel, and when the thymosin beta 4 protein was added exogenously to the culture, tubule formation was accelerated. Thymosin beta 4, a small 43 kDa protein present in all body fluids and cells, has multiple biological activities, including reducing inflammation, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity while increasing cell migration, stem cell recruitment and differentiation, and tissue repair. Thymosin beta 4 was subsequently found to promote angiogenesis in vivo and to improve dermal and ocular healing in experimental injury models. It has regenerative activity in animal models of traumatic brain injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, heart attack, peripheral neuropathy, liver and kidney fibrosis, and hair growth. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy for both stasis and pressure ulcers and for both dry eye and a rare ocular disease. This mini review will discuss the development of Matrigel and the discovery of thymosin beta 4 as a regenerative protein that is upregulated when endothelial cells are plated on Matrigel.
Be(e)coming experts: The controversy over insecticides in the honey bee colony collapse disorder
Suryanarayanan, Sainath,Kleinman, Daniel Lee SAGE Publications 2013 SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE Vol.43 No.2
<P>In this article, we explore the politics of expertise in an ongoing controversy in the United States over the role of certain insecticides in colony collapse disorder – a phenomenon involving mass die-offs of honey bees. Numerous long-time commercial beekeepers contend that newer systemic agricultural insecticides are a crucial part of the cocktail of factors responsible for colony collapse disorder. Many scientists actively researching colony collapse disorder reject the beekeepers’ claims, citing the lack of conclusive evidence from field experiments by academic and industry toxicologists. US Environmental Protection Agency regulators, in turn, privilege the latters’ approach to the issue, and use the lack of conclusive evidence of systemic insecticides’ role in colony collapse disorder to justify permitting these chemicals to remain on the market. Drawing on semistructured interviews with key players in the controversy, as well as published documents and ethnographic data, we show how a set of research norms and practices from agricultural entomology came to dominate the investigation of the links between pesticides and honey bee health, and how the epistemological dominance of these norms and practices served to marginalize the knowledge claims and policy positions of commercial beekeepers in the colony collapse disorder controversy. We conclude with a discussion of how the colony collapse disorder case can help us think about the nature and politics of expertise.</P>
Bak, Hee-Je,Kleinman, Daniel Lee Duke University Press 2017 EASTS Vol.11 No.3
<P>In 2008 the Korean government decided to resume importing US beef, leading to a nationwide controversy over the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease. Korean media coverage of BSE during this controversy demonstrates how media reporting on scientific matters interacts with political controversy over science-related risks. In Korea, where media organizations tend to be associated with particular political ideologies, the media emphasized the uncertainty of scientific accounts in the BSE case and reinforced the politicization of science by selectively mobilizing contrasting scientific claims and scientific authorities based on each media outlet's political position. The distinctive role of such a media culture in the science-related political discourse is further highlighted when we consider US media coverage of BSE risk during the same period: in that coverage, the baseline technical risk-related issues were taken for granted and the BSE controversy in Korea was presented largely as a trade issue.</P>
P.A. Teeuwen,C.S. Kleinman,H.H. Snijder,H. Hofmeyer 국제구조공학회 2010 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.10 No.1
As an alternative for conventional structures for tall buildings, a hybrid lateral load resisting structure has been designed, enabling the assembly of tall buildings directly from a truck. It consists of steel frames with discretely connected precast concrete infill panels provided with window openings. Besides the stiffening and strengthening effect of the infill panels on the frame structure, economical benefits may be derived from saving costs on materials and labour, and from reducing construction time. In order to develop design rules for this type of structure, the hybrid infilled frame has recently been subjected to experimental and numerical analyses. Ten full-scale tests were performed on one-storey, one-bay, 3 by 3 m infilled frame structures, having different window opening geometries. Subsequently, the response of the full-scale experiments was simulated with the finite element program DIANA. The finite element simulations were performed taking into account non-linear material characteristics and geometrical non-linearity. The experiments show that discretely connected precast concrete panels provided with a window opening, can significantly improve the performance of steel frames. A comparison between the full-scale experiments and simulations shows that the finite element models enable simulating the elastic and plastic behaviour of the hybrid infilled frame.