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김보배,노은경,박서영,박영,오승희,전영란,차현진,윤희상,김수지,이자형 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2004 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.38
This study surveyed and analyzed comparatively college students-knowledge' attitude, was to cultivate the right knowledge and attitude on sex, and serve the foundational data for the suitable sex education. The purpose of the study was to identify and examine: 1) students; sexual knowledge and sexual attitude; 2) the differences between variables of gender, age, and self-perceived sexual knowledge in relation to sexual knowledge and sexual attitude; and 3) the relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual attitude. For this study the questionaires were given to 300 students from five different universities located seoul areas. the questionaires were collected Jenuary 8th to 15th in 2004. Two hundred and nigty one samples were analyzed for the study. The adapted SKAT(saxual knowledge & attitude test; Lief & Reed, 1986) was used to determine sexual knowledge and the students' sexual attitude. Collected data were analyzed statistically by means of percentage, t-test, ANOVA test, and pearson correlation analysis with SPSS 12.0 package program. The main results of this analysis are as follows: Participants consisted of male(48.1%) and female(51.9%) which were mainly between the ages of 21.25(71.8%) with an age range of 19 to 30. Knowledge of sexual disease was scored highest of 92.4%, and konwledge of the knowledge of the male and female's anatomy was the lowest at 60.9%. The respondents' level of sexual attitude was tolerant as on average 3.66(on the basis of 5) Relating to the items, the respondents' score of the sexual curiosity was 4.16, sexual behavior 3.85, self-consolation 3.81, aborthon 3.23, virgine 3.19, extramarital experiences 3.17. There were no significant differences in sexual knowledge between male and females, between younger and older students, residence, sexual experience, and how students mainly obtained their sexual knowledge. But a significant difference was also found religion in their sexual attitude(p<.005). In addition, results showed the relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual attitude(P=0.332).
Kim, Byoung-Jun,Jeong, Joseph,Lee, Seon Ho,Kim, Sung-Ryul,Yu, Hee-Kyung,Park, Young-Gil,Kim, Ki-Jeong,Kook, Yoon-Hoh,Kim, Bum-Joon Microbiology Society 2012 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.62 No.6
<P>A novel slow-growing, non-chromogenic mycobacterium (strain 01-305<SUP>T</SUP>) was isolated from a patient with pulmonary dysfunction. Growth characteristics, acid-fastness and the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing supported the placement of this strain within the genus <I>Mycobacterium</I>. Phenotypically, strain 01-305<SUP>T</SUP> was generally similar to <I>Mycobacterium triviale</I> ATCC 23292<SUP>T</SUP>, but some unique biochemical characteristics were observed. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 01-305<SUP>T</SUP> was similar to those of <I>M. triviale</I> ATCC 23290 (GenBank accession no. AY734996, 99.9 % similarity) and <I>M. triviale</I> ATCC 23291 (AY734995, 99.9 %); however, it differed substantially from that of <I>M. triviale</I> ATCC 23292<SUP>T</SUP> (X88924, 98.2 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain 01-305<SUP>T</SUP> in the slow-growing <I>Mycobacterium</I> group close to <I>M. triviale</I> ATCC 23290 and <I>M. triviale</I> ATCC 23291, but not <I>M. triviale</I> ATCC 23292<SUP>T</SUP>. Unique mycolic acid profiles and phylogenetic analysis based on two different chronometer molecules, and the <I>hsp65</I> and <I>rpoB</I> genes, strongly supported the taxonomic status of this strain as representing a distinct species. These data support the conclusion that strain 01-305<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel mycobacterial species, for which the name <I>Mycobacterium koreense</I> sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 01-305<SUP>T</SUP> ( = DSM 45576<SUP>T</SUP> = KCTC 19819<SUP>T</SUP>).</P>
Kim, Byoung-Jun,Hong, Seok-Hyun,Yu, Hee-Kyung,Park, Young-Gil,Jeong, Joseph,Lee, Seon Ho,Kim, Sung-Ryul,Kim, Kijeong,Kook, Yoon-Hoh,Kim, Bum-Joon International Union of Microbiological Societies 2013 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.63 No.6
<P>A previously undescribed, slowly growing, non-chromogenic <I>Mycobacterium</I> strain (299<SUP>T</SUP>) was isolated from the sputum sample of a patient with a symptomatic pulmonary infection. Phenotypically, strain 299<SUP>T</SUP> was generally similar to <I>Mycobacterium koreense</I> DSM 45576<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>Mycobacterium triviale</I> ATCC 23292<SUP>T</SUP>. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 299<SUP>T</SUP> was similar to that of <I>M. koreense</I> DSM 45576<SUP>T</SUP> (GenBank accession no. AY734996, 99.5 % similarity); however, it differed substantially from that of <I>M. triviale</I> ATCC 23292<SUP>T</SUP> (X88924, 98.2 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 299<SUP>T</SUP> clustered together with <I>M. koreense</I> DSM 45576<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>M. triviale</I> ATCC 23292<SUP>T</SUP>, supported by high bootstrapping values (99 %). Unique mycolic acid profiles and phylogenetic analysis based on two different chronometer molecules, the <I>hsp65</I> and <I>rpoB</I> genes, strongly supported the taxonomic status of this strain as representing a distinct species. These data support the conclusion that strain 299<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel mycobacterial species, for which the name <I>Mycobacterium parakoreense</I> sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 299<SUP>T</SUP> ( = DSM 45575<SUP>T</SUP> = KCTC 19818<SUP>T</SUP>).</P>
Kim, Hong,Jee, Young Mee,Song, Byung-Cheol,Shin, Jung Woo,Yang, Soo Hyun,Mun, Ho-Suk,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Oh, Eun-Ju,Yoon, Jung-Hwan,Kim, Yoon-Jun,Lee, Hyo-Suk,Hwang, Eung-Soo,Cha, Chang-Yong,Kook, Yoon-Hoh,K S. Karger AG 2006 Intervirology Vol.50 No.1
<P><I>Objectives:</I> Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic to Korea, no large-scale survey of HBV genotypes and serotypes based on sequence analysis has been performed. <I>Methods:</I> In the present study, we genotyped and serotyped HBV strains from 209 patients in two Korean regions, Seoul (107 patients) and Jeju (102 patients), an island off the southeastern Korean coast. Analyses were conducted using the direct sequencing method targeting the partial surface (S) gene (541 bp). <I>Results:</I> Phylogenetic analysis showed that all HBV strains from the 209 patients belonged to genotype C2 (100%). Of the 209 patients, 193 (92.3%), 12 (5.7%) and 1 (0.5%) were found to have the <I>adr</I>, <I>adw</I> and <I>ayr</I> serotypes, respectively. The other three strains (1.5%) showed unique serotype and were not typeable by sequence analysis. No HBV strains characteristic of Jeju island were observed. <I>Conclusions:</I> The extraordinary predominance of genotype C2 in chronic Korean patients, which is known to be associated with more severe liver disease than genotype B, suggests that the clinical manifestations of Korean HBV chronic patients are likely to differ from those found in other Asian countries, especially in Japan and Taiwan, where genotypes B and C coexist.</P><P>Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
Kim, Young-Hoh,Lee, Young-Taek,Kim, Sung-Han,Kim, Chung-Ryul,Kim, Jong-Yeol,Shin, Chang-Ho,Lee, Keun-Hoi 한국연초학회 1998 한국연초학회지 Vol.20 No.1
In order to minimize the trial frequency in the new filter cigarette design, we studied the relationship between smoke yield and tipping materials of cigarette. A three levels full factorial design involving filament denier (X1,2.5-3.3d), Porosity of the acetate filter plug wrap (X2, 3,500-16,000CU) and porosity of the tip paper (X3, 400-1,200CU) was used. Three independent factors (Xl, X2, X3) were chosen for their effects on the various responses and the function was expressed in terms of a quadratic polynomial equation, Y : $\beta$o + $\beta$1Xl + $\beta$2X2 + $\beta$3X3 + $\beta$11Xl2 + $\beta$22X22+ $\beta$33X32 + $\beta$12X1X2 + $\beta$13XIX3 $\beta$23X2X3 which measures the linear, quadratic, and interaction effects. Twenty-nine trial numbers were obtained as a results of using a three levels full factorial design and it was analyzed by the multiple regression analysis with backward stepwise in STATISTICA/pc under restricted conditions. Tar yields of the cigarette was affected by porosity of tip paper (0.66), filament denier (0.47) and porosity of plug wrap (0.28) in the decreasing order, and linear effect of tip paper porosity (B3) and filament denier (91) were significant at a level of 0.01($\alpha$). The filament denier and tipping paper porosity interaction F ratio among three factors had a P-value of 0,000041, indicating higher interaction between these factors. Based on the analysis of variance, the model fitted for Tar (Y1) was significant at 5% confidence level and the coefficient of determination (0.96) was the proportion of variability in the data fitted for by the model.
Kim, Hong,Jee, Young-Mi,Song, Byung-Cheol,Hyun, Jin-Won,Mun, Ho-Suk,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Oh, Eun-Ju,Yoon, Jung-Hwan,Kim, Yoon-Jun,Lee, Hyo-Suk,Hwang, Eung-Soo,Cha, Chang-Yong,Kook, Yoon-Hoh,Kim, Bum-Joon Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of medical virology Vol.79 No.3
<P>Although Korea is a hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemic area, relatively few full-length genome sequences are available. In particular, no comparative analysis has been performed on the full-genome sequences of different HBV quasispecies from a single Korean patient. This report describes the full-length sequences of five HBV clones (two clones with shorter PCR amplicons and three clones with longer amplicons). Large deletions, that is, 685-bp, 487-bp, and 144-bp, that might interfere with the production of normal proteins were observed in four of five clones. Double mutations in the basal core promoter (BCP) region (T1762/A1764) were detected in two clones but no precore mutations (A1896) were detected in any of the five clones. These data support previous results that genotype C, in particular Korean clones of this genotype, is prone to mutations. Two independent mechanisms, namely, the deletions of long lengths and amino acid substitutions followed by BCP double mutations might contribute to the diversity of HBV quasispecies. Considering the importance of HBV quasispecies as HBV variant sources, the distribution of HBV quasispecies in mutation prone genotype C prevalent areas like Korea, should be monitored to improve the management of chronic HBV infections and to control HBV variants that arise due to the administration of vaccine or antiviral therapy. J. Med. Virol. 79:212–219, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Practical modeling of cigarette ventilation rate
Kim, Young-Hoh,Lee, Moon-Yong,Rhee, Kyu-Seo,Lee, Dong-Wook The Korean Society of Tobacco Science 1999 한국연초학회지 Vol.21 No.2
A model predicted describing the effect of cigarette making materials on the level of filter ventilation was developed and evaluated. The developed model was expressed in terms of a linear and quadratic relationship which was validated with experimental measurements for different porosity of plug wrap and tipping paper, unencapsulated pressure drop of filter plug and cigarette column and vent position. Forty-six experimental frequencies were determined as a result of using three levels with five factors Box-Behnken design and analyzed by the multiple regression analysis with backward stepwise in STATISTICA/PC under restricted conditions. The four factors, except filter pressure drop variable, were statistically significant at the level of 0.05 but most of all linear by linear interactions were comparatively lower significant. By the analysis of linear and quadratic regression coefficient, filter ventilation of the cigarette was affected by porosity of plugwrap (5.87, -4.25), porosity of tip paper (5.68, -1.00), vent position (-3.87, 3.08), tobacco column pressure drop (2.56, 0.66), and filter pressure drop (1.50, 0.58) in the decreasing order. It should be emphasized that the major conclusion of this study was not that any particular parameter was linear or quadratic on any limit scale, but that there were highly significant relationships among factors involving linear, quadratic and their interaction and perhaps even linearity between and within factors. While, there is also quite strong evidence that vent position from mouth end and cigarette making materials are reverse relationship on this experimental model. On the basis of the result, it can be concluded that the porosity of the plug wrap and tipping paper has a marked effect on degree of filter ventilation rate. The F-value of plug wrap and tipping paper porosity among five factors were 39.2 and 36.8 respectively with P-value of 0.000 indicating higher significant for both factors. According to the analysis of variance, the model fitted for filter ventilation was significant at 5% confidence level and the coefficient of determination ($R^2$=0.84) was the proportion to variability in the data well fitted for by the model.