Updated Primer on Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Medical Imaging for Medical Professionals

Kim Kiduk,Cho Kyungjin,Jang Ryoungwoo,Kyung Sunggu,Lee Soyoung,Ham Sungwon,Choi Edward,Hong Gil-Sun,Kim Namkug 대한영상의학회 2024 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.25 No.3

The emergence of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a chatbot developed by OpenAI, has garnered interest in the application of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models in the medical field. This review summarizes different generative AI models and their potential applications in the field of medicine and explores the evolving landscape of Generative Adversarial Networks and diffusion models since the introduction of generative AI models. These models have made valuable contributions to the field of radiology. Furthermore, this review also explores the significance of synthetic data in addressing privacy concerns and augmenting data diversity and quality within the medical domain, in addition to emphasizing the role of inversion in the investigation of generative models and outlining an approach to replicate this process. We provide an overview of Large Language Models, such as GPTs and bidirectional encoder representations (BERTs), that focus on prominent representatives and discuss recent initiatives involving language-vision models in radiology, including innovative large language and vision assistant for biomedicine (LLaVa-Med), to illustrate their practical application. This comprehensive review offers insights into the wide-ranging applications of generative AI models in clinical research and emphasizes their transformative potential.

An autodriven, solar fuel collection for a highly compact, biomimetic-modified artificial leaf without membrane

Kim, Sangkuk,Han, Kiduk,Kim, Wuseok,Jeon, Sangmin,Yong, Kijung Elsevier 2019 Nano energy Vol.58 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hydrogen fuel generation from water splitting has recently attracted much attention due to its high potential as a clean, renewable energy source. To obtain pure H<SUB>2</SUB> fuel, it is inevitably required to separate the H<SUB>2</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB> product gas mixture, mainly relying on a membrane system at the current stage. However, this process has inherent durability and cost issues due to contamination, corrosion and its complex configuration. In our current work, we invented a highly compact gas separation and collection method in a water electrolysis system, which is set onto a biomimetically modified electrode without the use of a membrane or external convective flow. A key idea of this smart, compact and self-driven system is gas bubble manipulation by buoyant force and a slippery liquid infused porous surface (SLIPS). With the critical help of the biomimetic SLIPS wall by blocking bubble leakage, H<SUB>2</SUB> and O<SUB>2</SUB> product gases can be separately collected at the corresponding collection port. As a result, we achieved a remarkably improved H<SUB>2</SUB> collection value of over 90% with high purity using this membrane-free electrolysis system in which the product gases are separated only by their intrinsic buoyancy. This simple but effective gas separation/collection system is also applied to a highly compact, monolithic artificial leaf, in which the solar water splitting is practicably and conveniently conducted in a compact, floatable design.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A membrane-free gas separation method is invented for monolithic artificial leaf. </LI> <LI> Buoyance force and biomimetic surface design is combined for gas bubble manipulation. </LI> <LI> The collection efficiency of H<SUB>2</SUB> gas records over 90% with its high purity. </LI> <LI> O<SUB>2</SUB> gas, counter product of water electrolysis shows very low cross-over with high purity. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>A membrane-free, compact solar fuel collection system employing the biomimetic SLIPS of the pitcher plant with water splitting electrodes, showing its mechanism and performance in its gas separation/collection.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Guest Editor’s Introduction: The Role of Historical Studies in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Kiduk Kim 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2019 International Journal of Korean History Vol.24 No.2

경기도 하남시의 풍수적 입지 조건과 도시개발의 과제

김기덕(Kim, kiduk),김한래(Kim, hanrae) 건국대학교 글로컬문화전략연구소 2017 문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.0 No.9

풍수 연구는 연구 대상에 대한 정밀한 분석에서 시작한다. 그러나 경기도 하남시는 유독 분석사례가 적으며, 그 나마도 학술논문 형태가 아니라 인터넷 답사기 정도이다. 그것은 하남시 풍수를 파악하기가 어렵기 때문이다. 그 이유는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현재 하남시의 가장 중요한 생활 공간은 하남시청 일대이다. 그런데 이 지역은 1/5,000 지형도로도 거의 나타나지 않을 정도로 개발되었다. 또한 하남시청 뒤로는 물이 흐르고 있다. 언뜻 보면 이것은 ‘배산임수(背山臨水)’라는 원칙에 어긋난다. 둘째, 풍수적 해석에 있어 핵심은 主山의 설정이다. 하남시의 경우에 주산을 어떤 산으로 보아야 하는지가 쉽지 않다. 현재 풍수연구에서 많이 참고가 되는 <山徑表>나 <대동여지도>를 보면, 유독 하남시는 거의 생략되어 있거나 아주 소략하게 표현되어 있다. 이런 이유로 하남시의 풍수 분석이 쉽지 않은 것이다. 본 글은 이러한 하남시의 풍수적 입지 조건을 밝히고, 아울러 도시개발의 과제를 제시하고자 하였다. Geomantic studies start from the precise analysis of their object. But there are only a few cases of analysis on Hannam City, Gyeonggi Province, which are not in a form of academic papers but at the level of exploratory records on the Internet. That is because it is difficult to grasp the geomantic topography of Hanam City. It has the following reasons: First, the most important living space of Hanam City is the whole area of Hanam City Hall at present. But this area has been developed at the extent that it does not almost appear on the 1/5,000 topographical map. And water flows behind Hanam City Hall. At first glance, this runs counter to the principle of "having the mountain at the back and water at the front’. Second, the point in the geomantic interpretation is to set the main mountain. In case of Hanam city, it is not easy to decide which of the mountains should be viewed as the main mountain. An investigation of <Sangyeongpyo> or <Daedongyeojido> currently referred to in geomantic studies shows that Hanam City has either almost been omitted or briefly expressed. For this reason, it would be not easy to make a geomantic analysis of Hanam City. This study attempts to make clear the geomantic locational conditions of Hanam City and present the task of urban development as well.

‘한류인문학’을 제창한다

김기덕(Kim, Kiduk),배상준(Bae, Sangjoon) 인문콘텐츠학회 2017 인문콘텐츠 Vol.0 No.45

본 글은 한류에 대한 인문학적 고찰의 필요성을 강조한 글이다. 한류는 말 그대로 ‘한국 흐름(Korean Wave)’이지만, 한류를 바라보는 관점에 따라 ‘문화적인 현상’과 ‘경제적인 현상’으로 크게 나뉘어진다. 그 결과 대중문화를 중심으로 한 전통적인 한류를 ‘문화한류’로 칭하고, 전자산업 및 휴대폰산업 등을 통해 한국의 이미지가 높아지는 현상을 ‘경제한류’로 정의하기도 한다. 한편 KOTRA는 문화한류에서 경제한류로의 도약을 위해 ‘비즈니스한류“라는 개념을 제시하기도 했다. 최근 조사된 한류산업의 지역별 총 수출액은 54억 6천만 달러이다. 이처럼 한국에서 만들어진 대중문화상품 한류가 아시아를 넘어 전세계를 강타하고 있다. 드라마, 영화, K-pop을 중심으로 전개되다가, 그 범위가 음식문화를 중심으로 생활문화에 까지 확대되었다. 물론 한류의 전파가 과연 전 세계적인 현상인가, 또한 한류가 앞으로도 계속 지속될 수 있을 것인가 하는 의문은 있을 수 있다. 그러나 근현대 세계사적 문화교류의 차원에서 이름없는 문화변방에 머물러 있었던 한국의 대중문화가 최근 20년 동안 이 정도의 영향력을 발휘한다는 것은 연구자들의 입장에서도 중요한 연구주제가 될 것이다. 이러한 한류에 대한 연구자들의 분석논문은 한류의 시작에 비해서는 많이 늦었지만, 2013년까지 조사된 바에 의하면 주요 전문학술지에 526편이 검색된다. 본 글의 작성을 위해 2017년 5월 현재 RISS 한 군데에서만 ‘한류’를 검색해 보면 학위논문 2390편, 국내학술지논문 4686편, 단행본 2638편, 연구보고서 103편이 나온다. 한류 관련 영문 학술지 논문도 45편, 영문 단행본도 23권이 검색된다. 본 글은 이러한 한류 연구상황에서 인문학 차원의 한류연구의 중요성을 강조하고, 무엇보다 그 역할을 인문콘텐츠학회가 주도적으로 수행할 필요가 있다는 점을 제기한 것이다. 아울러 학술연구와 연동되는 국가기관의 정책연구 측면에서도 한류인문학의 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 한류인문학의 최종 지향점은 한류산업의 활성화나, 인문학 역할의 증대라는 현실적인 목표가 될 수는 없다. 그것은 필자가 일찍이 인문콘텐츠의 목표로 제시했던 인류의 共同善, 인간화․인간해방이 될 것이다. 그러므로 이러한 한류인문학은 결국 한류라는 것을 한국이라는 국가적 차원을 넘어 세계인의 마음을 치유하는 인류자산의 하나로 자리매김하게 만들 것이다. This study attempts to emphasize the need for humanistic investigation of the Korean Wave, or "Hallyu". The Korean Wave literally meaning the "flow of Korea" is broadly divided into the "cultural phenomenon" and the" economic phenomenon" from a perspective of taking a look at it. In consequence, the traditional Korean Wave revolving around the popular culture is referred to as the "cultural Korean Wave" and the phenomenon of getting the image of Korean enhanced through electronic industry and smartphone industry is defined as the "economic Korean Wave". On the one hand, KOTRA has presented the concept of the "business Korean Wave" for the purpose of take-off from the economic Korean Wave to the "business Korean Wave". The total amount of exports of industries related to the Korean Wave recently surveyed by region accounts for USD 5,460,000,000. Like this, the Korean Wave of popular culture products manufactured in Korea is sweeping over the whole world beyond Asia. It has revolved around dramas, films, K-pop and then extended to the living culture focused on food culture. Naturally, the question could exist as to whether or not the diffusion of the Korean Wave is the global phenomenon or whether or not the Korean Wave can continue to last in the future. But the Korean popular culture, which had long belonged to the unknown cultural backwater from the dimension of cultural exchanges in modern and contemporary world history, has exercised this influence over the world for the recent 20 years, which would an important research subject for researchers. Analytic articles of this Korean Wave have been presented later compared to the beginning of the Korean Wave, but 526 articles are found to have been presented in important academic journals up to 2013. For the purpose of writing this paper, an attempt was made to search the Korean Wave only in one site of RISS as of May, 2017. As a result, it brought about 2390 theses and dissertations, 4686 papers in domestic academic journals, 2638 books and 103 research reports. In addition, it brought 45 articles in English and 23 books in English about the Korean Wave. It indicates that with the popularity of the Korean Wave, researchers have poured out their research products. This study puts emphasis on the importance of humanistic research on the Korean Wave in this situation and presents that the Association of Human Contents needs to take the lead in performing its role among other things. In addition, it presents the plan for revitalization of the humanities of the Korean Wave in terms of the policy research of national agencies related to academic research. The final goal of the humanities of the Korean Wave can not be a realistic goal of revitalizing the Korean Wave industry or increasing the role of the humanities. It will be the common goodness of mankind, humanization and human liberation as the researchers have set as the goal of humanity contents. Therefore, the humanities of Korean Wave will ultimately turn the Korean Wave into one of the human assets that heals the minds of the world people beyond the national dimension of Korea.

차량 환경에서의 햅틱 디스플레이 클릭 피드백에 대한 예비 사용자 평가

김성현(Sunghyun Kim),정대현(Daehyeon Jeong),최윤정(Yoonjeong Choi),김기덕(Kiduk Kim),임동균(Dongkyun Lim),강정구(Jeonggoo Kang),윤승환(Seunghwan Yoon),류제하(Jeha Ryu) 한국자동차공학회 2016 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2016 No.11

Test of Nutritional Content and Functionality between Green and Red Systems of Asian bittercress (Cardamine komarovii Nakai)

Heesun Noh,Eungeong Jeong,Jeongshin Shin,Minjeong Kim,Seokjun Hwang,Kiduk Park,Areum Park,Heeun Kim,Sichang Kim,Munseob Ahn 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2018 No.10

Conceptual Design of HTS Magnet for a 5 MJ Class SMES

Myungjin Park,Sangyeop Kwak,Wooseok Kim,Jikwang Lee,Jinho Han,Kyeongdal Choi,Hyunkyo Jung,Joonhan Bae,Seokho Kim,Kiduk Sim,Haejong Kim,Kichul Seong,Songyop Hanh IEEE 2008 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.18 No.2

<P>Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems with High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) wires have been actively developed world-wide. A 600 kJ class SMES with Bi-2223 HTS wire has been in development as a national project since 2004 and is currently approaching the final testing stage of the first of three phases. In the second phase of the project, several MJ class HTS SMES will be developed. In this paper, designs of magnets for 5 MJ class SMES with DI-BSSCO and YBCO coated conductor are presented and compared.</P>

The Optimal Design of 600 kJ SMES Magnet Based on Stress and Magnetic Field Analysis

Sangyeop Kwak,Myungjin Park,Wooseok Kim,Seungyong Hahn,Seungwook Lee,Jikwang Lee,Kyeongdal Choi,Jinho Han,Joonhan Bae,Seokho Kim,Kiduk Sim,Haejong Kim,Kichul Seong,Hyunkyo Jung,Songyop Hahn IEEE 2008 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.18 No.2

<P>In the development of large scale superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems, the problem of mechanical stresses induced in the windings by Lorentz force becomes more critical as dimensions of system and magnetic field increase. In this paper, an optimal design process of a 600 kJ SMES magnet combined with mechanical stress analysis is presented. A stress analysis method based on electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) is explained in detail. The results of the analysis led to the development of an optimum design, electro-magnetically and mechanically, of a single-pole double pancake coil (DPC) type 600 kJ SMES magnet. The stress in each DPC are described along with recommendations for winding tension in the manufacturing process to minimize radial and hoop stress in each DPC.</P>

KCI vs. WoS: Comparative Analysis of Korean and International Journal Publications in Library and Information Science

Yang, Kiduk,Lee, Hyekyung,Kim, Seonwook,Lee, Jongwook,Oh, Dong-Geun Korea Institute of Science and Technology Informat 2021 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.9 No.3

The study analyzed bibliometric data of papers published in Korea Citation Index (KCI) and Web of Science (WoS) journals from 2002 to 2021. After examining size differences of KCI and WoS domains in the number of authors, institutions, and journals to put publication and citations counts in perspective, the study investigated co-authorship patterns over time to compare collaboration trends of Korean and international scholars and analyzed the data at author, institution, and journal levels to explore how the influences of authors, institutions, and journals on research output differ across domains. The study also conducted frequency-based analysis of keywords to identify key topics and visualized keyword clusters to examine topic trends. The result showed Korean LIS authors to be twice as productive as international authors but much less impactful and Korean institutions to be at comparable levels of productivity and impact in contrast to much of productivity and impact concentrated in top international institutions. Citations to journals exhibited initially increasing pattern followed by a decreasing trend though WoS journals showed far more variance than KCI journals. Co-authorship trends were much more pronounced among international publication, where larger collaboration groups suggested multi-disciplinary and complex nature of international LIS research. Keyword analysis found continuing diversification of topics in international research compared to relatively static topic trend in Korea. Keyword visualization showed WoS keyword clusters to be much denser and diverse than KCI clusters. In addition, key keyword clusters of WoS were quite different from each other unlike KCI clusters which were similar.