百濟의 遼西經略에 對하여

金庠基(Kim Sang-kee) 백산학회 1967 白山學報 Vol.- No.3

Sung-shu(宋書)gives an account for the first time that Bekje (百濟) brought Liao-Hsi(遼西)area (an area west of Liao-ho (遼河) under its rule and established there its own administrative districts with Chinp’ing Hsien(晋平縣), Chin-p’ing Chun(晋平郡)as the center. This occupation seems to have been realized toward the end of the thirteenth king Kŭnch’oko-wang’s (近育古王) reign. It was in his time that Bekje was powerful enough to emulate with Kokuryo(高句麗), and eventually after repeated battles in the Debang (帶方) (now, Hwanghe-do 黃海道) area, its army killed Kokuryŏ’s sixteenth king Kokukwŏn-wang(故國原王)below the Pyongyang(平壤) Castle. Before during the era of its fifteenth king Mich’ŏn-wang 美川王, Kokuryŏ occupied the Liao-Tung(遼東)area(or the Liaotung Peninsula) and evacuated from the area thereafter with no fear of threat from the north. Thus it is probable that by advancing into Liao-Hsi area by sea, Bekje as a naval power attempted to check Kokuryŏ’s southward force. The reason why Kokuryŏ and Bekje could so easily seize Liao-Tung and Liao-Hsi areas respectively is that in the continent the so-called Wu-hu Shih-liu-kuo (五胡十六國) were at odds with each other in a chaotic situation, and there was no force that could reach their eastern frontier. Later the Liao-Hsi area occupied by Bekje was attacked by Hou-wei(後魏)(Pei-wei 北魏), and there was a time in the era of the twenty-fourth king Tongsong-wang(東城王)when Bekje defeated a large force of Hou-wei, and according to a record in Nan-ch’i-shu(南齊書), it requested the Ch’i(齊)Dynasty (of Nan-ch’ao 南朝), which was then against Hou-wei, to confer a peerage on the victorious general named Sabŏbmyŏng(沙法名). No historical record is available as to how Bekje’s power changed in Liao-Hsi area thereafter, but from the fact that Hou-wei finally unified areas north of the Yangtze River, we can infer that Bekje’s influence in Liao-Hsi area was crippled by Hou-wei, Bekje’s occupation of Liao-Hsi area is recorded mostly in Sung-shu and Nan-Ch’i-shu. Compiled by Shên Yüeh(沈約), who wrote history for both the Sung and Ch’i Dynasties and was an official in the Liang(梁) Dynasty, Sung-shu was published in the sixth year of Ch’i’s King Wu(武)(A.D.488). And Hsiao Tzŭ-hsien(蕭子顯), compiler of Nan-ch’i shu, was a member of Nanch’i’s(南齊)royal household, and upon the fall of the dynasty, he went to serve King Wu of the Liang (梁) Dynasty and presented him with the book. As the two books were compiled by witnesses to the days, their reliability is unquestionable.

Original Article : Geographic difference of epidemiological features of HCV infection in Korea

( Kyung Ah Kim ),( Sook Hyang Jeong ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Young Seok Kim3 ),( Youn Jae Lee ),( Eun Uk Jung ),( In Hee Kim ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Mee Kyung Kee ),( Chun Kang ) 대한간학회 2014 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.20 No.4

Background/Aims: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Korea exhibits significant geographic variation, with it being higher in Busan and Jeonam than in other areas. The reason for this intranational geographic difference was investigated in this study by conducting a comparative analysis of the risk factors related to HCV infection among three geographic areas: the capital (Seoul), Busan, and the province of Jeolla. Methods: In total, 990 patients with chronic HCV infection were prospectively enrolled at 5 university hospitals located in Seoul (n=374), Busan (n=264), and Jeolla (n=352). A standardized questionnaire survey on the risk factors for HCV infection was administered to these three groups of patients, and a comparative analysis of the findings was performed. Results: The analysis revealed significant regional differences in exposure to the risk factors of HCV infection. By comparison with patients in Seoul as a control group in the multivariate analysis, patients in Busan had significantly more experience of invasive medical procedures, acupuncture, cosmetic procedures, and multiple sex partners. In contrast, patients in Jeolla were significantly older, and they had a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma, a lower prevalence of multiple sex partners, and had experienced fewer invasive procedures. Conclusions: There was a significant geographic difference in the exposure to potential risk factors of HCV infection between patients from the three studied regions. This may explain the regional variation of the prevalence of HCV infection in Korea, and should be taken into account when planning strategies for the prevention and management of HCV infection. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20:361-367)

경성여자의학전문학교 창립의 주체였던 김탁원,길정희부부는 왜 실제 설립 과정에서 제외되었는가?

백운기 ( Woon Kee Baik ),김상덕 ( Sang Duk Kim ) 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 의학사연구소 2010 연세의사학 Vol.13 No.1

Chosun (a.k.a. Keijo) Women``s Medical Training Institute was founded in 1928 as a joint effort between an American missionary physician named Dr. Rosetta Sherwood Hall and one of Korea’s first female physicians, Dr. Kil Chung-Hee. In 1932, in anticipation of her retirement, Dr. Hall transferred full responsibility for the Institute to Dr. Kil and her husband Dr. Kim Taik-Won, a neuropsychiatrist. Unfortunately, following Dr. Hall``s departure to America in 1933, funding from Dr. Hall’s missionary society was discontinued. This prompted an evacuation of the Institute’s lecture halls and teaching laboratories. As a result of this change in finances, the Institute’s operations were transported to, and maintained exclusively at, Drs. Kim and Kil``s private residence. During this interim period, the institute was sustained financially by this husband and wife team. In addition to these new found financial difficulties, there were ongoing political hardships. In an effort to alleviate these various difficulties, the couple decided to pursue the task of upgrading the Institute to a standard medical college. As a first step toward this goal, in 1934, the couple established a foundation for the “creation of a women``s medical college”. This undertaking (i.e., the creation of a medical college) required a large amount of funding. Therefore, the couple became actively engaged in the solicitation of funding for this purpose. In 1937, an education philanthropist named Mr. Kim Chong-Ik agreed to donate substantial funds for the purpose of establishing the women’s medical college. As fate would have it, however, / 49 he unexpectedly contracted dysentery and died suddenly. The application for the creation of a women``s medical college was filed and approved in 1938 by the Japanese Governor-General. Thus, the first class of students in the newly created medical college was enrolled on May 1, 1938. Curiously, however, neither Dr. Kim nor Dr. Kil was named in the charter. Although one could presuppose various reasons to explain how this omission occurred, there is one undeniable aspect of history that makes clear and cogent sense in this regard. It is now known that Dr. Kim was a leading activist for Korean independence from Japan during the 1920’s and 1930’s. He was regarded as an agitator by the Japanese occupation government and viewed as an undesirable, rebellious, anti-Japanese element. The South Korean government, in recognition of his heroic deeds during that period of Japanese occupation, posthumously awarded the Ae-Jok Jan(humanitarian award) to Dr. Kim Taik-Won on August 15, 2007. On July 4, 2008, his remains were subsequently transferred, along with his professional partner and wife Dr. Kil Chung-Hee, to the Korean National Cemetery in Daejon, South Korea. If one considers the political climate that existed in Korea in the late 1930’s under Japanese occupation, it stands to reason that any medical college application that included an anti-Japanese activist such as Kim Taik-Won would be doomed to fail. I believe that the absence of Drs. Kim Taik-Won and Kil Chung-Hee’s names from the medical college charter was a rational, politically motivated act of omission.

Preoperative axillary nodal staging with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging: predictive values of quantitative and semantic features

Kim, Won Hwa,Kim, Hye Jung,Lee, So Mi,Cho, Seung Hyun,Shin, Kyung Min,Lee, Sang Yub,Lim, Jae Kwang,Lee, Won Kee British Institute of Radiology 2018 The British journal of radiology Vol.91 No.1092

An Effective ESICD Verification Strategy: A case study of Military Satellite Communications System II

Kee-Sung Lee(이기성),Jun-Ho Choi(최준호),Jeong-Jin Shin(신정진),Hye-Jin Yoon(윤혜진),Seung-Ho Kim(김승호) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2021 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.26 No.9

소프트웨어 연동통제문서는 시스템을 구성하는 구성품 간 연동을 위해 프로토콜 및 데이터 등을 기술하는 문서를 의미한다. 무기체계 개발 특성상 소프트웨어 연동통제문서 검증을 위해서는 각 구성품 개발자들이 특정 장소에 모여서 통합시험을 진행하게 되는데, 이때 소프트웨어 개발자들의 단순한 실수로 인하여 통합시험이 지연되는 경우가 종종 발생하게 된다. 이러한 상황이 발생하는 가장 큰 이유는 소프트웨어 개발자들이 연구실 환경에서는 시스템 환경을 구성하기 어려운 문제로 인해 충분한 검증을 수행하지 못한 경우와 통합시험 간 발생한 오류에 대해서 즉각적으로 원인을 발견하지 못한 경우 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 무기체계 개발 단계의 제작 및 구현단계부터 시스템 통합시험 단계 사이에 많은 시간이 소요되는 소프트웨어 연동통제문서 검증을 효과적으로 수행하기 위한 전략을 제안한다. ESICD(Electrical Signal Interface Control Document) refers to a document that describes protocols and data for communication between components consist of a system. Each component developer gathers at a specific place to conduct an integrated test for ESICD verification. In this case, it often happens that the integration test is delayed due to a simple mistake of software developers. There are two reasons for this situation: First, software developers do not perform sufficient verification because it is difficult to configure the system environment in a Lab, and second, they do not immediately find the cause of errors occurred during integration tests. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a strategy to effectively perform ESICD verification, which takes a lot of time between the production and implementation stage of the weapon system development stage and the system integration test stage.

Mechanical properties of LSCF (La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3−δ)–GDC (Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_2−δ) for oxygen transport membranes

Kim, Seyoung,Kim, Soo Hyun,Lee, Kee Sung,Yu, Ji Haeng,Seong, Young-Hoon,Han, In Sub Elsevier 2017 Ceramics international Vol.43 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, for application in oxygen transport membranes, an LSCF (La<SUB>0.6</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.4</SUB>Co<SUB>0.2</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.8</SUB>O<SUB>3−δ</SUB>)–GDC (Ce<SUB>0.9</SUB>Gd<SUB>0.1</SUB>O<SUB>2−δ</SUB>) composite was manufactured, and its mechanical properties were studied. Generally, it is known that LSCF has a nonlinear modulus due to changes in its microstructure when a critical stress is loaded. To improve the mechanical properties of this material, which has a perovskite structure, a study was conducted to evaluate whether its properties change according to the rule of mixtures when it is formed into a composite with GDC. The results showed that the nonlinearity of the modulus of the composite for each specimen composition was largely reduced and stable under fatigue loading. The fracture toughness was superior to that of the LSCF (1.05MPam<SUP>1/2</SUP>) or GDC (1.28MPam<SUP>1/2</SUP>) monolithic materials when the composites (1.63MPam<SUP>1/2</SUP>) was manufactured. The mechanisms for these were explained by finite element analysis and the observation of crack propagation. It was also confirmed that when these composite materials are used for oxygen transport membranes, they show stable properties.</P>

Therapeutic Efficacy-Potentiated and Diseased Organ-Targeting Nanovesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment

Kim, Han Young,Kumar, Hemant,Jo, Min-Jae,Kim, Jonghoon,Yoon, Jeong-Kee,Lee, Ju-Ro,Kang, Mikyung,Choo, Yeon Woong,Song, Seuk Young,Kwon, Sung Pil,Hyeon, Taeghwan,Han, In-Bo,Kim, Byung-Soo American Chemical Society 2018 NANO LETTERS Vol.18 No.8

<P>Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC)-derived exosomes have been spotlighted as a promising therapeutic agent for cell-free regenerative medicine. However, poor organ-targeting ability and insufficient therapeutic efficacy of systemically injected hMSC-exosomes were identified as critical limitations for their further applications. Therefore, in this study we fabricated iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-incorporated exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (NV-IONP) from IONP-treated hMSCs and evaluated their therapeutic efficacy in a clinically relevant model for spinal cord injury. Compared to exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (NV) prepared from untreated hMSCs, NV-IONP not only contained IONPs which act as a magnet-guided navigation tool but also carried greater amounts of therapeutic growth factors that can be delivered to the target cells. The increased amounts of therapeutic growth factors inside NV-IONP were attributed to IONPs that are slowly ionized to iron ions which activate the JNK and c-Jun signaling cascades in hMSCs. In vivo systemic injection of NV-IONP with magnetic guidance significantly increased the amount of NV-IONP accumulating in the injured spinal cord. Accumulated NV-IONP enhanced blood vessel formation, attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in the injured spinal cord, and consequently improved spinal cord function. Taken together, these findings highlight the development of therapeutic efficacy-potentiated extracellular nanovesicles and demonstrate their feasibility for repairing injured spinal cord.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Enzymatic transesterification of acrylic polyol

Sang Chul Kim,Kee Hoon Won,Yong Hwan Kim,Jae Kwang Song,Bong Keun Song 한국생물공학회 2005 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.4

Diosmetin and Its Glycoside, Diosmin, Improve Atopic Dermatitis- Like Lesions in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Murine Models

( Sang-a Park ),( Sim-kyu Bong ),( Jin Woo Lee ),( No-june Park ),( Yongsoo Choi ),( Sang Moo Kim ),( Min Hye Yang ),( Yong Kee Kim ),( Su-nam Kim ) 한국응용약물학회 2020 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.28 No.6

Naturally derived diosmetin and its glycoside diosmin are known to be effective in treating inflammatory disease. This study was performed to determine whether diosmin and diosmetin have the effect of improving atopic dermatitis in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzen (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) model. DNCB was used to establish AD model in hairless mice. Skin moisture, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and histological analysis were performed to measure the effectiveness of diosmin and diosmetine to improve AD. IL-4 levels were also measured in RBL-2H3 cells. Administration of diosmetin or diosmin orally inhibited the progress of DNCB-induced AD-like lesions in murine models by inhibiting transdermal water loss (TEWL) and increasing skin hydration. Diosmetin or diosmin treatment also reduced IgE and IL-4 levels in AD-induced hairless mouse serum samples. However, in the in vitro assay, only diosmetin, not diosmin, reduced the expression level of IL-4 mRNA in RBL-2H3 cells. Diosmin and diosmetine alleviated the altered epidermal thickness and immune cell infiltration in AD. Diosmin is considered effective in the cure of AD and skin inflammatory diseases by being converted into diosmetin in the body by pharmacokinetic metabolism. Thus, oral administration of diosmetin and diosmin might be a useful agent for the treatment of AD and cutaneous inflammatory diseases.

Effect of labiolingual inclination of a maxillary central incisor and surrounding alveolar bone loss on periodontal stress

Sung-Hwan Choi,Young-Hoon Kim,Kee-Joon Lee,Chung-Ju Hwang 대한치과교정학회 2016 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.46 No.3

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether labial tooth inclination and alveolar bone loss affect the moment per unit of force (Mt/F) in controlled tipping and consequent stresses on the periodontal ligament (PDL). Methods: Three-dimensional models (n = 20) of maxillary central incisors were created with different labial inclinations (5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°) and different amounts of alveolar bone loss (0, 2, 4, and 6 mm). The Mt/F necessary for controlled tipping (Mt/Fcont) and the principal stresses on the PDL were calculated for each model separately in a finite element analysis. Results: As labial inclination increased, Mt/Fcont and the length of the moment arm decreased. In contrast, increased alveolar bone loss caused increases in Mt/Fcont and the length of the moment arm. When Mt/F was near Mt/Fcont, increases in Mt/F caused compressive stresses to move from a predominantly labial apical region to a palatal apical position, and tensile stresses in the labial area moved from a cervical position to a mid-root position. Although controlled tipping was applied to the incisors, increases in alveolar bone loss and labial tooth inclination caused increases in maximum compressive and tensile stresses at the root apices. Conclusions: Increases in alveolar bone loss and labial tooth inclination caused increases in stresses that might cause root resorption at the root apex, despite the application of controlled tipping to the incisors.