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The Perspectives and Alerters on Request for EFL Learners of English
David B. Kim 한국영미어문학회 2015 영미어문학 Vol.- No.116
David B. Kim. 2015. The Perspectives and Alerters on Request for EFL Learners of English. Studies in British and American Language and Literature 116, 209-232. This study investigates the different types of perspective and alerter on request, and the relation of the two features for Korean EFL learners of English. After studying request strategies for one semester, the 64 participants studying general English conversation were presented with six different pragmatic situations on request and asked to write request strategies including four types of perspective and eight types of alerter as they would like to use in the natural speaking context. First, in the results of perspectives, the participants frequently used the speaker oriented and the hearer oriented perspectives in the socially intimate situation. Most of them used the patterns of the textbook in the socially distant situation and employed the two perspectives for their major strategies in socially equal situation, Second, the cross tabulation analysis summarized the relationship between perspective and alerter. In the socially intimate situation, the participants preferred to use the hearer oriented or the speaker oriented strategies. The participants used suitable strategies to meet the socially distant situation. However, the participants used different types of perspectives with different alerters in socially equal situation. In conclusion, though some results in each category did not show any consistencies, the use of learners’ strategies was similar to those of previous studies.
Siting a Nuclear Waste Treatment Facility : An Analysis of Korean Experience
Kim,Geum-Soo,Chae,Kyung-Suk,Kelleher,David 한국재정학회(구 한국재정·공공경제학회) 2008 한국재정학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.2
The voting competition implemented recently in Korea for siting a nuclear wastes treatment facility is modeled as a simple two-stages rent-seeking game. We have shown that the region with a lower environmental cost is always chosen as the host in a subgame-perfect equilibrium. However, this system is not likely to be socially efficient because the government in charge is always in deficit and the rent-seeking groups spend a lot of money in vain.
David B. Kim(David B. Kim) 한국캐나다학회 2012 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.18 No.1·2
This study has looked into Canadian EFL teachers' and the Canadian general public's preference for spelling English words with variants. Although this study may not be representative of all of Canadian population's preference for spelling words with variants, it does portray the change and trend in spelling practices of Canadians, both who are “well-educated” and less “well-educated.” The quantitative and qualitative analyses of survey questionnaires have clearly shown that Canadian EFL teachers and the Canadian general public prefer (60:40 ratio) to spell words with variants more in the British tradition. Also, “non-academic” factors stated in comments section of the questionnaires clearly show that education is not the only factor which influence one's preference for spelling. Cultual, emotional, social, political and psychological factors also influence one's decision regarding choices related to spelling.
DISCOVERY OF A FAINT QUASAR AT <i>z</i> ∼ 6 AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMIC REIONIZATION
Kim, Yongjung,Im, Myungshin,Jeon, Yiseul,Kim, Minjin,Choi, Changsu,Hong, Jueun,Hyun, Minhee,Jun, Hyunsung David,Karouzos, Marios,Kim, Dohyeong,Kim, Duho,Kim, Jae-Woo,Kim, Ji Hoon,Lee, Seong-Kook,Pak, IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.813 No.2
<P>Recent studies suggest that faint active galactic nuclei may be responsible for the reionization of the universe. Confirmation of this scenario requires spectroscopic identification of faint quasars (M-1450 > -24 mag) at z greater than or similar to 6, but only a very small number of such quasars have been spectroscopically identified so far. Here, we report the discovery of a faint quasar IMS J220417.92+011144.8 at z similar to 6 in a 12.5 deg(2) region of the SA22 field of the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS). The spectrum of the quasar shows a sharp break at similar to 8443 angstrom, with emission lines redshifted to z = 5.944 +/- 0.002 and rest-frame ultraviolet continuum magnitude M-1450 = -23.59 +/- 0.10 AB mag. The discovery of IMS J220417.92+011144.8 is consistent with the expected number of quasars at z similar to 6 estimated from quasar luminosity functions based on previous observations of spectroscopically identified low-luminosity quasars. This suggests that the number of M-1450 similar to 23 mag quasars at z similar to 6 may not be high enough to fully account for the reionization of the universe. In addition, our study demonstrates that faint quasars in the early universe can be identified effectively with a moderately wide and deep near-infrared survey such as the IMS.</P>
Kim, Cham,Kim, Chang Eun,Baek, Ju Young,Kim, Dong Hwan,Kim, Jong Tae,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Lopez, David Humberto,Kim, Taewook,Kim, Hoyoung American Chemical Society 2016 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.55 No.19
<P>Various chemical reaction processes have been adopted to synthesize Bi2Te3 thermoelectric nanomaterials for achieving remarkably low thermal conductivities, but chemical contaminations were usually pointed out as flaws, severely deteriorating electrical conductivities. We devised a novel water-based chemical reaction process for a Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 nanocompound in which the possibility for chemical contaminations was reduced. We successfully synthesized a small and highly distributed Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 nanocompound with high purity and adequately packed it via a spark plasma sintering process to produce a nanobulk structure. The resulting nanobulk specimen exhibited a physical density as high as the theoretical one with highly distributed nanograins; thus,. we were able to obtain remarkably high electrical,conductivity while maintaining thermal: conductivity as lbw as possible. The synergistic effect was greatly induced between the transport properties;. thus, the highest reported figure of merit value was achieved for n-type Bi2Te3 in the bulk phase.</P>
Kim, Yongjung,Im, Myungshin,Jeon, Yiseul,Kim, Minjin,Hyun, Minhee,Kim, Dohyeong,Kim, Jae-Woo,Taak, Yoon Chan,Yoon, Yongmin,Choi, Changsu,Hong, Jueun,Jun, Hyunsung David,Karouzos, Marios,Kim, Duho,Kim, American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.855 No.2
<P>To date, most of the luminous quasars known at z similar to 6 have been found to be in maximal accretion with the Eddington ratios, lambda(Edd) similar to 1, suggesting enhanced nuclear activities in the early universe. However, this may not be the whole picture of supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth, since previous studies have not reached faint quasars that are more likely to harbor SMBHs with low lambda(Edd). To gain a better understanding of the accretion activities in quasars in the early universe, we obtained a deep near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of a quasar, IMS J220417.92+011144.8 (hereafter IMS J2204+0112), one of the faintest quasars that has been identified at z similar to 6. From the redshifted C IV lambda 1549 emission line in the NIR spectrum, we find that IMS J2204+0112 harbors a SMBH with a solar mass of about a billion and lambda(Edd) similar to 0.1, but with a large uncertainty in both quantities (0.41 dex). IMS J2204+0112 has one of the lowest Eddington ratios among quasars at z similar to 6, but a common value among quasars at z similar to 2. Its low lambda(Edd) can be explained with two scenarios; the SMBH growth from a stellar-mass black hole through short-duration super-Eddington accretion events or from a massive black hole seed (similar to 10(5) M-circle dot) with Eddington-limited accretion. NIR spectra of more faint quasars are needed to better understand the accretion activities of SMBHs at z similar to 6.</P>
Are Quasars Growing Fast in the Early Universe?: The Lowest Eddington Ratio Quasar at z~6
Yongjung Kim,Myungshin Im,Yiseul Jeon,Minjin Kim,Minhee Hyun,Dohyeong Kim,Jae-Woo Kim,Yoon Chan Taak,Yongmin Yoon,Changsu Choi,Jueun Hong,Hyunsung David Jun,Marios Karouzos,Duho Kim,Ji Hoon Kim,Seong- 한국천문학회 2017 天文學會報 Vol.42 No.2
Discovery of a Faint Quasar at z ~ 6 and Implications for Cosmic Reionization
Yongjung Kim,Myungshin Im,Yiseul Jeon,Minjin Kim,Changsu Choi,Jueun Hong,Minhee Hyun,Hyunsung David Jun,Marios Karouzos,Dohyeong Kim,Duho Kim,Jae-Woo Kim,Ji Hoon Kim,Seong-Kook Lee,Soojong Pak,Won-Kee 한국천문학회 2016 天文學會報 Vol.41 No.1
Robust Optimization Utilizing the Second-Order Design Sensitivity Information
Kim, Nam-Kyung,Kim, Dong-Hun,Kim, Dong-Wook,Kim, Heung-Geun,Lowther, David A.,Sykulski, Jan K. IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.46 No.8
<P>This paper presents an effective methodology for robust optimization of electromagnetic devices. To achieve the goal, the method improves the robustness of the minimum of the objective function chosen as a design solution by minimizing the second-order sensitivity information, called a gradient index (GI) and defined by a function of gradients of performance functions with respect to uncertain variables. The constraint feasibility is also enhanced by adding a GI corresponding to the constraint value. The distinctive feature of the method is that it requires neither statistical information on design variables nor calculation of the performance reliability during the robust optimization process. The validity of the proposed method is tested with the TEAM Workshop Problem 22.</P>