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Kawakatsu Takashi,Fukuda Naoya 한국원예학회 2023 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.64 No.4
Ginseng is a deciduous, perennial herb with diverse pharmacological properties. The usual method for raising seedlings has many problems due to instabilities by the natural environment and diseases. A plant factory system with artifi cial light (PFAL) can potentially overcome the problems. However, there is a limited understanding of optimal cultivation conditions for raising ginseng seedlings in PFAL. We evaluated the eff ects of air temperature, photosynthetic photon fl ux density (PPFD), electric conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution, and planting density on the growth and physiological traits of ginseng grown in a closed environment. Root weight at 20 °C was signifi cantly higher than that at 25 °C. Root weight increased under PPFD of 130 μmol m −2 s −1 compared to 30 μmol m −2 s −1 ; however, there was no diff erence in root weight between PPFD of 230 μmol m −2 s −1 and 130 μmol m −2 s −1 . The PPFD of 370 μmol m −2 s −1 decreased Fv/Fm and root growth. Dense planting increased the specifi c leaf area and SPAD under PPFD of 220 μmol m −2 s −1 , suggesting that competition for light occurred. However, the number of good seedlings (> 0.94 g) per pot increased in proportion to planting density with a higher EC (1.5 dS m −1 ). In addition, the higher planting density increased the number of available seedlings (0.68 to 0.94 g) regardless of light intensity or EC. Therefore, a plant density higher than the density usually employed for cultivation can be applied to achieve high productivity for the growth of seedlings in PFAL.
Kawakatsu, Taiji,Taramino, Graziana,Itoh, Jun-Ichi,Allen, Justin,Sato, Yutaka,Hong, Soon-Kwan,Yule, Ryan,Nagasawa, Nobuhiro,Kojima, Mikiko,Kusaba, Makoto,Sakakibara, Hitoshi,Sakai, Hajime,Nagato, Yasu Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 The Plant journal Vol.58 No.6
<P>Summary</P><P>Most aerial parts of the plant body are products of the continuous activity of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Leaves are the major component of the aerial plant body, and their temporal and spatial distribution mainly determines shoot architecture. Here we report the identification of the rice gene <I>PLASTOCHRON3</I> (<I>PLA3</I>)/<I>GOLIATH</I> (<I>GO</I>) that regulates various developmental processes including the rate of leaf initiation (the plastochron). <I>PLA3</I>/<I>GO</I> encodes a glutamate carboxypeptidase, which is thought to catabolize small acidic peptides and produce small signaling molecules. <I>pla3</I> exhibits similar phenotypes to <I>pla1</I> and <I>pla2</I>– a shortened plastochron, precocious leaf maturation and rachis branch-to-shoot conversion in the reproductive phase. However, in contrast to <I>pla1</I> and <I>pla2</I>, <I>pla3</I> showed pleiotropic phenotypes including enlarged embryo, seed vivipary, defects in SAM maintenance and aberrant leaf morphology. Consistent with these pleiotropic phenotypes, <I>PLA3</I> is expressed in the whole plant body, and is involved in plant hormone homeostasis. Double mutant analysis revealed that <I>PLA1</I>, <I>PLA2</I> and <I>PLA3</I> are regulated independently but function redundantly. Our results suggest that PLA3 modulates various signaling pathways associated with a number of developmental processes.</P>
IS JAPAN BACK? MEASURING NATIONALISM AND MILITARY ASSERTIVENESS IN ASIA'S OTHER GREAT POWER
Lind Jennifer,Ueki Chikako Kawakatsu 동아시아연구원 2021 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.21 No.3
Observers of East Asia frequently claim that Japanese nationalism is on the rise, and that Tokyo is abandoning its longtime military restraint. To determine whether these trends are indeed occurring, we define and measure Japan's nationalism and military assertiveness; we measure whether they are rising relative to Japan in the past, and relative to seven other countries.Drawing from social identity theory, we distinguish between “nationalism” and a more benign “patriotism.” We find in Japan (1) strong patriotism that is stable over time, and no evidence of rising nationalism. Furthermore we find that (2) military assertiveness remains generally low, but it has risen in terms of decreased institutional constraints and peacekeeping activities. Our findings have important implications for academic debates about nationalism and Japanese security policy, and for policy debates about a nascent balancing effort against China.
Yang, Hee-Min,Sluys, Ronald,Kawakatsu, Masaharu,Min, Gi-Sik Pensoft Publishers 2018 ZooKeys Vol.781 No.-
<P>Abstract</P><P>For the first time, molecular sequences of the 18S ribosomal DNA were generated for representatives of the genera <I>Obrimoposthia</I> Sluys & Ball, 1989 and <I>Paucumara</I> Sluys, 1989 of the suborder of the marine triclads, or Maricola, by analyzing the species <I>Obrimoposthiawandeli</I> (Hallez, 1906) and <I>Paucumaratrigonocephala</I> (Ijima & Kaburaki, 1916). On the basis of this molecular data the phylogenetic position of these two genera in the phylogenetic tree of the Maricola was determined and compared with their position in the phylogeny based on the analysis of anatomical features. New records for these two species are documented and their taxonomic status is determined on the basis of histological studies.</P>
THE NEXT-GENERATION INFRARED ASTRONOMY MISSION SPICA UNDER THE NEW FRAMEWORK
NAKAGAWA, TAKAO,SHIBAI, HIROSHI,ONAKA, TAKASHI,MATSUHARA, HIDEO,KANEDA, HIDEHIRO,KAWAKATSU, YASUHIRO The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2
We present the current status (as of August 2014) of SPICA (Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics), which is a mission optimized for mid- and far-infrared astronomy with a cryogenically cooled 3m-class telescope. SPICA is expected to achieve high spatial resolution and unprecedented sensitivity in the mid- and far-infrared, which will enable us to address a number of key problems in present-day astronomy, ranging from the star-formation history of the universe to the formation of planets. We have carried out the "Risk Mitigation Phase" activity, in which key technologies essential to the realization of the mission have been extensively developed. Consequently, technical risks for the success of the mission have been significantly mitigated. Along with these technical activities, the international collaboration framework of SPICA has been revisited, which resulted in la arger contribution from ESA than that in the original plan. To enable the ESA participation under the new framework, a SPICA proposal to ESA is under consideration as a medium-class mission under the framework of the ESA Cosmic Vision. The target launch year of SPICA under the new framework is the mid-2020s.