Association of Elm Yellows Subgroup 16SrV‐B Phytoplasma with a Disease of <i>Hovenia dulcis</i>

Kamala‐,Kannan, Seralathan,Han, Sang‐,Sub,Lee, Kui‐,Jae,Velmurugan, Palanivel,Lee, Yong Hoon,Chae, Jong‐,Chan,Lee, Yang‐,Soo,Lee, Jai‐,Young,Oh, Byung‐,Taek Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of phytopathology Vol.159 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Japanese raisin (<I>Hovenia dulcis</I>) trees with typical phytoplasma‐like symptoms were observed for the first time in South Korea. The disease, named Japanese raisin witches’ broom, is progressively destructive. The cause of the graft‐transmissible disease was confirmed by electron microscopy and molecular studies. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the phytoplasma was closely related to the elm yellows (EY) group, ribosomal subgroup 16SrV‐B. The 16S‐23S rDNA intergenic spacer region, fragment of <I>rp</I> operon and <I>secY</I> gene sequences had 96–99% similarity with members of EY phytoplasma. Based on the sequence analyses and phylogenetic studies, it was confirmed that the phytoplasma infecting Japanese raisin trees in Korea belongs to the EY group.</P>

Metal Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacillus species Isolated from Sunchon Bay Sediments, South Korea

Kamala-Kannan, Seralathan,Lee, Kui Jae Science Alert 2008 Biotechnology Vol.7 No.1

Synergistic effect of chelators and Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 on lead phytoextraction and its induced oxidative stress in Zea mays

Govarthanan, Muthusamy,Kamala-Kannan, Seralathan,Kim, Seol Ah,Seo, Young-Seok,Park, Jung-Hee,Oh, Byung-Taek Springer-Verlag 2016 Archives of microbiology Vol.198 No.8

<P>Phytoremediation is an in situ, low-cost strategy for cleanup of the sites contaminated with heavy metals. Experiments were conducted to assess the impact of synthetic chelators and plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria (Herbaspirillum sp. GW103) on heavy metal lead (Pb) uptake in Z. mays cultivated in Pb-contaminated soil. The present study investigated the Pb phytoaccumulation rate and plant antioxidant enzyme activities in Z. mays exposed to 100 mg/kg of PbNO3. The combination of gluconic acid (GA) with Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 treatment showed higher Pb solubility (18.9 mg/kg) compared with other chelators. The chemical chelators showed the significant difference in phytoaccumulation as well as antioxidant enzyme activities. The antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities changed under Pb stress. The study indicated that increased activity of antioxidant enzymes may play as signal inducers to fight against Pb.</P>

Nickel Ion Adsorption Behavior of Ceriporia lacerata Isolated from Mine Tailings in Korea

김해원,임정묵,오새강,Seralathan Kamala-Kannan,조민,오병택 한국지하수토양환경학회 2015 지하수토양환경 Vol.20 No.2

In the present study, surface of laccase producing Ceriporia lacerata was modified using 4-bromobutyryl chloride and polyethylenimine. The modified biomass was freeze dried and utilized as a biosorbent for the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of the biosorbent were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Batch experiments were carried out as a function of contact time (0-60 min), pH (2 to 8), adsorbent dosage (25-150 mg), and initial Ni(II) concentration (25-125 mg/L). The results indicate that surface modified biosorbent effectively adsorbed (9.5 mg/0.1 g biomass) Ni(II) present in the solution. The equilibrium adsorption data were modeled with different kinetic and isotherm models. The Ni(II) adsorption followed pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2 = 0.998) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.994) model. Hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups present in biomass play a major role in the adsorption of Ni(II). The adsorbed Ni(II) from the biosorbent was successfully desorbed (85%) by 1M HCl. The results of the study indicate that the surface modified C. lacerate biomass could be used for the treatment of Ni(II) contaminated ground waters.

Molecular Analysis of Korean Isolate of Barley mild mosaic virus (Iks Isolate)

Choi, Min-Kyung,Kamala-Kannan, Seralathan,Oh, Byung-Taek,Park, Jong-Chul,Lee, Gun-Woong,Lee, Kui-Jae,Park, Yool-Jin The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.2

The complete nucleotide sequences of both RNA of an isolated Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) from Iksan, Korea, have been determined. RNA1 was 7273 nucleotides long and encodes for a polyprotein of 2261 amino acids, which contains the eight putative functional proteins. RNA2 was 3520 nucleotides long and encodes for a polyprotein of 894 amino acids, which contains two functional proteins. Results of multiple sequence alignment showed 92.9% similarity with Na1 isolate, followed by Sil, UK(F), Asl1, Remis M and UK(M) isolates, respectively. Comparison of the BaMMV-Iks polyproteins with the corresponding proteins of BaMMV-Na1 isolates showed 95% amino acid sequence identity. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Iks isolate was closely related to Na1 strain and have a common origin.

Simultaneous removal of chromium(VI) and Reactive Black 5 using zeolite supported nano-scale zero-valent iron composite

Kim, Seol Ah,Kamala-Kannan, S.,Oh, Sae-Gang,Cho, Min,Bae, Sunyoung,Oh, Byung-Taek Springer-Verlag 2016 Environmental Earth Sciences Vol.75 No.5

<P>Pollution due to heavy metals and dyes has become a major global environmental issue. Simultaneous removal of heavy metals and dyes from wastewater remains a major challenge. In this study, a zeolite supported nano-scale zero-valent iron (Z-nZVI) composite was innovatively used for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and Reactive Black 5 from aqueous solution. Experiments were carried out at different pH values (2-8) and adsorbent dosages (0.2-1 g L-1). The maximum removal was found to be 99% for both Cr(VI) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) at pH 3 with initial RB5 concentration 85 mg L-1, Cr(VI) concentration 23 mg L-1 and adsorbent dosage 1 g L-1. A Freundlich model showed a satisfactory fit to the equilibrium adsorption data of a Z-nZVI composite with a correlation coefficient R-2 = 0.9790 for RB5 and R-2 = 0.9726 for Cr(VI). The kinetics of adsorption followed a pseudo-first-order model. The results of the study indicated that a Z-nZVI composite could potentially be used for the simultaneous removal of metals and dyes from wastewater.</P>

Effects of difructose dianhydride (DFA)-IV on <i>in vitro</i> fertilization in pigs

Yi, Young-Joo,Kamala-Kannan, S.,Lim, Jeong-Muk,Oh, Byung-Taek,Lee, Sang-Myeong Editorial Department of Journal of Biomedical Rese 2017 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH -ELSEVIER- ENGLISH Vol.31 No.5

<P>Difructose dianhydride IV (DFA-IV) is produced from levan, which is a natural polysaccharide that belongs to the fructan family, through the activity of levan fructotransferase (LF) derived from microorganisms. Recently, DFA-IV has been expected to have diverse applications in the food and medical industry. Here, we examined the potential application of DFA-IV for<I>in vitro</I> fertilization (IVF) in pigs. In the assessment of acrosomal integrity during incubation, intact acrosomal or viable spermatozoa were highly sustained in 0.1% or 0.25% DFA-IV (69.8%-70.8%,<I>P</I><0.05). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during sperm incubation decreased following the addition of DFA-IV, and 0.1%-0.5% DFA-IV in particular significantly decreased ROS production relative to that seen with no addition or 0.75% DFA-IV. Total fertilization (mono+ polyspermic oocyte) rate was significantly higher in the addition of 0.1% DFA-IV (94.2%) than with other concentrations (71.8%-86.7%,<I>P</I><0.05). When using reduced IVF times and lower sperm numbers, we found that addition of 0.1%–0.5% DFA-IV significantly increased the fertilization rate (<I>P</I><0.05). Fertilized oocytes treated with 0.1% DFA-IV exhibited higher embryonic development and blastocyst formation than those treated with other concentrations (<I>P</I><0.05). Consequently, the addition of DFA-IV during IVF improved fertilization and embryonic development, suggesting the possible use of novel sugars for enhancement of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in mammals. </P>

Stabilization of Metals-contaminated Farmland Soil using Limestone and Steel Refining Slag

Lim, Jeong-Muk,You, Youngnam,Kamala-Kannan, Seralathan,Oh, Sae-Gang,Oh, Byung-Taek Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment 2014 지하수토양환경 Vol.19 No.5

The metals contamination of farmland soil nearby abandoned metal mine was serious problem in Korea. Stabilization of contaminated soil was reported using various stabilizers. Application of limestone and steel refining slag was reported as effective stabilizers in the stabilization of metals. The batch studies confirmed that the mixture of limestone and steel refining slag was suitable for stabilization of metals in contaminated soil. The limestone and steel refining slag mixture (2 : 1 and 3 : 2) were used in column studies and it was confirmed that the stabilizers effectively stabilized heavy metals in contaminated soil. The pH of the soil was increased with the addition of stabilizers. Total leached concentration of metals from the column study was reduced 44, 17, and 93% in comparison to the control at arsenic, cadmium and copper, respectively. The sequential extraction studies showed that the exchangeable fraction was changed into carbonate bound fraction (Cd and Cu) and Fe-Mn oxide bound fraction (As). Based on the results we confirmed that 2:1 ratio of limestone and steel refining slag effectively stabilizes the heavy metals. The mixed treatment of lime stone with steel refining slag would be an effective and feasible method for controlling metals leaching in contaminated soil.

Optimization of As Bioleaching by Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 Coupled with Coconut Oil Cake

Muthusamy Govarthanan,Loganathan Praburaman,김진원,오새강,Seralathan Kamala-Kannan,오병택 한국지하수토양환경학회 2015 지하수토양환경 Vol.20 No.2

The objective of this study was to optimize the experimental conditions for bioleaching of arsenic (As) using Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 and to understand the interaction between bacteria and As during bioleaching. Five variables, temperature, time, CaCO3, coconut oil cake, and shaking rate, were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based Box-Behnken design (BBD). Maximum (73.2%) bioleaching of As was observed at 30ºC, 60 h incubation, 1.75% CaCO3, 3% coconut oil cake, and 140 rpm. Sequential extraction of bioleached soil revealed that the isolate Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 significantly reduced 28.6% of water soluble fraction and increased 38.8% of the carbonate fraction. The results of the study indicate that the diazotropArsenic, Bioleaching, Box-Behnken design, Herbaspirillum sp., Heavy metals fractionhic bacteria Herbaspirillum sp. could be used for bioleaching As from mine soil. The objective of this study was to optimize the experimental conditions for bioleaching of arsenic (As) using Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 and to understand the interaction between bacteria and As during bioleaching. Five variables, temperature, time, CaCO3, coconut oil cake, and shaking rate, were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based Box-Behnken design (BBD). Maximum (73.2%) bioleaching of As was observed at 30ºC, 60 h incubation, 1.75% CaCO3, 3% coconut oil cake, and 140 rpm. Sequential extraction of bioleached soil revealed that the isolate Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 significantly reduced 28.6% of water soluble fraction and increased 38.8% of the carbonate fraction. The results of the study indicate that the diazotrophic bacteria Herbaspirillum sp. could be used for bioleaching As from mine soil.

Effect of fermentation on antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Helicobacter pylori adhesion activity of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica root bark

이성현,임정묵,이세원,장태후,박정희,서영석,이정호,Kamala-Kannan Seralathan,오병택 한국식품과학회 2023 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.32 No.9

The limited yield of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica root bark (URB) extract is considered an economic loss to the food industry. Improving extraction yield and bioactivity through fermentation increase the industrial usage of URB. The study aims to optimize the fermentation with cellulolytic and pectinolytic bacteria and evaluate the bioactivity and anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of the fermented URB extract. URB fermentation with the Bacillus licheniformis FLa3, isolated from salted seafood (Sardinella zunasi), under optimal conditions (37 °C, pH 6, 10% inoculum dose, and 36 h) improved the extraction yield by 36% compared to the control. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the fermented extract were significantly higher than non-fermented extract. High-performance liquid chromatography results confirmed that the fermentation increased the proportion of bioactive components such as catechin (171.7%), epicatechin (144.3%), quercetin (27.3%), and kaempferol (16.7%). The results confirmed that the fermentation increased both the extraction yield and bioactivity.