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Japanese Double Nominative Constructions Revisited
KAGA, Nobuhiro 한국일본학회 2017 日本學報 Vol.113 No.-
This paper deals with the Japanese double nominative construction that contains two nominative ga phrases. In generative literature, there have been two major approaches taken to the construction: the transformational approach and the base-generation approach. In this paper the latter is adopted, following Kaga (2003), and several supporting arguments are presented for it. Kaga’s (2001) theory of thematic roles is assumed and, in conformity to that, the construction is characterized as having a VP-double-embedded structure: the major subject is base-generated in the specifier position of VP2 and the complement position of VP2 contains another VP2 constituent that consists of the second nominative phrase and the adjective phrase. It is shown that the proposed structure is given a proper semantic interpretation. Furthermore, Nishiyama’s (1999) proposal about Japanese adjectival constructions is introduced in which both the predicative copula and the dummy copula are posited as elements of the underlying adjective structure. Finally, following Baker’s (2015) innovative idea, the rules of dependent case assignment are presented for Japanese, and the double nominative case pattern is accounted for on the basis of the rules.
Kaga, Horoyuki,Izaki, Noriaki,Shimomura, Yasuhiko,Masuda, Noboru The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 2001 Journal of the Korean institute of landscape archi Vol.1 No.-
Now that importance of landscape planning unique to each area is emphasized, it is necessary to conduct landscape planning by taking advantage of natural environments unique to each ares, because its natural environments are regarded as one of the assets the area possesses. This study targets at Kawachinagano City, Osaka, one of the residential areas that I not only rich in natural and historical elements, but also has been rapidly growing. The purposes of this study are to evaluate change in landscape structure over time by analyzing relation between landform and pattern of expanding the built-up area at three time points of 1932, 1967, and 1994 with GIS (ARC/INFO 7.0.3, ARC/View 3.0 (ESRI)), as well as to make some suggestions for planning landscape unique to the area. Data on main ridges, sub ridges, main rivers, and other landform were read from the elevation map, and data on woodland, and parks and open spaces (having more than 3 ha area) were read from the existing land use map. The data were used to understand the natural structure of the city from topographic viewpoint. Next, the existing land use map prepared with data on the built-up area and urban axes consisting of roads and streets were overlaid on the elevation map in order to understand relation between pattern of expanding the built-up area and the natural structure.
Hiroyuki Kaga,Kumi Kawano,Yasuhiko Shimomura,Noboru Masuda Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 2004 Journal of the Korean institute of landscape archi Vol.2 No.-
This study dealt with the Kogi River, located in Kaizuka City, Osaka, which has experienced different improvements from the upper through the lower regions, aimed at revealing temporal relations between residents and the river, as well as probing future problems and directions regarding the river in the suburban area, by conducting a survey of local residents. The result showed that, in the upper region where nature remains in its natural state and the good water quality has been maintained, the relations between the residents and the river continued until around 1965; meanwhile in the middle region the relations have been disappearing since about 1955, and in the lower region where the stream has been repeatedly rehabilitated since 1955, there are fewer involvements of the people with the river. It also revealed that the weaker the relations between people and the river became, the larger the number of residents, even in the upper region, who became concerned over the deteriorating river environment after about 1975, and that in the middle and lower areas, about a decade earlier than in the upper area, the number of those who were aware of the environmental deterioration began to increase. Consequently, with an eye to resuming the relations between people and the river in an suburban area, their future challenges would be the space improvements depending on the environmental characteristics of the area; for example, the recovery of grassy banks for the purpose of protection in the lower region; the preservation and maintenance of many waterside woods as well as the creation of open spaces utilizing the river banks in the middle area; and throughout the whole region, the establishment of a system in which the relations between man and the river can be passed down to future generations, by utilizing the local human resources including those who know the former river landscapes or about the playing in and around the river.
Integration and Coordination of Early Childhood Care and Education in the Republic of Korea
Yoshie Kaga,Steven Barnett,John Bennett 육아정책연구소 2012 International Journal of Child Care and Education Vol.6 No.2
UNESCO conducted a cross-national study on the issue of integration of early childhood care and education services within education in 2008-2009. In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the issue, UNESCO undertook a review on a parallel ECCE system in the Republic of Korea by the request of the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. In this article, an overview of the Korean ECCE system is provided with a brief appraisal of the quality of the Korean ECCE system by referring to selected quality, access and financing indicators. We highlighted positive developments of the country in recent years and discussed issues and challenges that are directly or indirectly related to integration. The challenges include demographic changes and their implications for the parallel system, and uneven qualifications, training and working conditions of childcare and kindergarten staff. Based on observations during the review visit, we analyzed several integration options and provided related policy recommendations.