PREVENTING CRIME, POLICE AND CRIME CONTROL IN BANGLADESH

Kashem,Mohammed 아시아경찰학회 2003 Asia Pacific Journal of Police & Criminal Justice Vol.1 No.1

Alteration of Starch-Sucrose Transition in Germinating Wheat Seed under Sodium Chloride Salinity

Kashem, Mohammad Abul,Sultana, Nilufa,Ikeda, Takeshi,Hori, Hidetaka,Loboda, Tadeusz,Mitsui, Toshiaki 한국식물학회 2000 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.43 No.3

Alterations in starch-sucrose transition during germination were studied in wheat seeds under saline conditions. NaCl significantly reduced the speed of germination and resultant seedling growth, but delayed the degradation of seed storage components. The endogenous level of ABA increased while osmotic potential decreased. NaCl also inhibited the expression of α-amylase. Increasing the concentration of NaCl induced the expression of sucrose phosphate synthase, and sugars, including sucrose, were accumulated in the seedlings. This accumulation of sugar closely correlated with an increase in ABA. However, sugar accumulation was reversible when the salt stress was removed. Overall our results strongly suggest that the germinating wheat seeds alter the starch-to-sucrose conversion to adapt for salt stress. This is probably mediated by the increase in ABA.

Police Organizational Resources and Crime Prevention in Bangladesh : An Examination

Mohamed Bin Kashem,Md,Asaduzzaman Saadi 아시아경찰학회 2006 아시아경찰학회 국제학술회의 Vol.2006 No.-

The lack of financial resources is one of the major impediments to enhance police capabilities in Bangladesh. Since police stations are the focal point of service delivery, thus the need for more resources at the police station is obvious. Police officers claim that due to resource constraints they are unable to provide a fast and effective response to crime incidents or requests for police service. It is important to mention that the introduction of modern technology such as patrol car, two-way radio, and telephone have significantly improved the police operational efficiency in the Western World. The purpose of this paper is to examine the police organizational resources devoted to crime prevention efforts in Bangladesh. That is, to what extent limited resources of the police affect their operational efficiency and investigative capabilities. An in-depth interview and content analysis techniques were used to collect the data for the present study. Commanding officers of the police stations claimed that due to lack of resources they are unable to deliver the very best police service to the community. Thus, in the absences of government allocation police are managing funds through dishonest ways. It is found that the police station’s information systems are not computerized mainly due to lack of funds. As a result, the intelligence gathering and analysis capabilities of the police are very limited. Senior officials believe that the introduction of Computer Assisted Fingerprint Identification Systems, and DNA profiling would enable speedy and accurate identification of criminal suspects, which in turn, will greatly increase their clearance rate. The allocations for improving various support services are not sufficient to cope with the growing public demands for police services. Thus, the government should make the policy decisions and allocate more resources for increasing police effectiveness in reducing crime and violence in Bangladesh.

A Study of the Private Security in Bangladesh

Mohammed Bin Kashem,Abul Quassem Chowdhury 아시아경찰학회 2003 아시아경찰학회 국제학술회의 Vol.2003 No.-

The number of non-state agencies providing security services has increased significantly in recent years. As of December 31, 2002 there are more than 200 security guard agencies in Bangladesh. Given the very low level of public confidence in the police the commercial organizations are now increasingly relying on private security. However, very little is known about the private security organizations. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature and extent of private security in Bangladesh. In addition, the study will identify the problems of these agencies. The data for this research were gathered from multiple sources. A sample survey of the security agencies working in two big cities, document research, semi- structured and in-person interview techniques were used to collect the data. The findings suggest that private security providers mainly offer three types of services such as guarding, cash-in transit, and consultancy. It is found that in many agencies security personnel are poorly paid and trained. Also, they are not well educated. It appears that private security agencies are playing an important role in maintaining public safety. Some policy recommendations are offered to address the various problems of the security industry.

The Effectiveness of Police Investigations of Reported Crimes in Bangladesh

Mohammed Bin Kashem,Mohammed Asaduzzaman Saadi 아시아경찰학회 2007 아시아경찰학회 국제학술회의 Vol.2007 No.-

In Bangladesh, the Central Investigation Department (CID) is the specialized investigative agency for conducting the investigations of reported schedule offences for the police department. However, the vast majority of the investigations are conduct by the Sub-Inspectors working at the police stations. The investigating officers at the Thana (Police Station) level are seriously overburdened with other policing tasks. As a result, it is not possible for them to thoroughly investigate the assigned cases. Also, the lack of specially trained evidence technicians for crime scene processing affects the quality of investigation. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the police investigations of reported crimes in Bangladesh. Data for this study were primarily collected from two sources: ⅰ) semi-structured interview, and ⅱ) content analysis of police records. A semi-structured interview of 50 police officers working in the CID and police stations were conducted. The effectiveness of the investigations was measured by the conviction rates on the CID controlled cases. The findings suggest that the prosecutions of criminal cases in Bangladesh are heavily dependent on oral evidence instead of physical evidence. And the present investigative practices by the police departments do not significantly affect the overall conviction rates. We have identified that the biggest problem for the police at this moment is to secure and isolate crime scene and to record the scene in its original state. The most serious impediments to high quality investigative works appear to be the traditional method of case assignment, excessive caseload, lack of trained personnel and shortage of forensic scientists in the country. Respondents believe that the introduction of Computer Assisted Fingerprint Identification Systems (CAFIS) and DNA profiling, computerized information processing would enable speedy and accurate identification of criminal suspects, which in turn will substantially increase the present criminal apprehension rates. Since the collection of evidence from the crime scenes require expert abilities therefore, trained technicians should be assigned to each police station, and would keep their caseload to a manageable size. Only a thorough and competent investigation conducted by professional police officers will enhance the chances for the successful outcome of a criminal investigation.

Application of Lherzolite on the Plant Growth and on Chemical Fractionation of Lead in Contaminated Soil

Md. Abul Kashem,Shigenao Kawai,Bal Ram Singh,Imamul Huq 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

The Potentiality of Arabidopsis Halleri Ssp. Gemmifera to Accumulate Cd, Zn and Pb Grown in Nutrient Solution

Md. Abul Kashem,Shigenao Kawai,Bal Ram Singh 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Experiences of performing ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation in Bangladesh

Nura Afza Salma Begum,Tasnuva Sarah Kashem,Farnaz Nobi,Shakib Uz-Zaman Arefin,Harun Ur Rashid 대한이식학회 2022 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.36 No.2

Background: The number of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is increasing in Bangladesh. Currently, living kidney donation is the only viable option for transplan- tation in Bangladesh, and it is further restricted by ABO compatibility issues. We have performed ABO-incompatible kidney transplantations (ABOi KTs) in Bangladesh since 2018. This study examines our experiences with seven cases of ABOi KT. Methods: The desensitization protocol included low-dose rituximab (100 mg/body) fol- lowed by plasma exchange (PEX), which was followed by a 5-g dose of intravenous im- munoglobulin. Immunosuppression was undertaken using tacrolimus (0.1 mg/kg/day), mycophenolate mofetil (1,500 mg/day), and prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day). All patients received basiliximab for induction therapy. Results: The median baseline anti-ABO antibody titer was 1:64 (range, 1:32–1:128). Transplantation was performed at a titer of ≤1:8. Our patients attended three to five PEX sessions before transplantation. Graft survival was 100% in the seven cases over a mean period of 22 months. The mean creatinine level was 204.6±47.4 μmol/L. Two patients were suspected of having developed acute rejection and received intravenous methylprednisolone, resulting in improved kidney function. One patient required post- transplant hemodialysis due to delayed graft function and subsequently improved. In- fection was the most common complication experienced by ABOi KT patients. Two pa- tients developed severe cytomegalovirus pneumonia and died with functioning grafts. Conclusions: ABOi KT in Bangladesh will substantially expand the living kidney donor pool and bring hope to a large number of ESRD patients without ABO-compatible do- nors. However, the high cost and risk of acute rejection and infection remain major con- cerns.

Genetic diversity analysis of high yielding rice (Oryza sativa) varieties cultivated in Bangladesh

Isma Akter Epe,Shahidul Haque Bir,Abul Kashem Choudhury,Asma Khatun,Most Mohshina Aktar,Shamsul Arefin,Mohammed Aminul Islam,Kee Woong Park 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2021 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.48 No.2

Transformation towards a mega-regional formation of Khulna city, Bangladesh

Md. Manjur Morshed,Tanmoy Mazumder,Showmitra Kumar Sarkar,Fahmida Yeasmin Sami,Afiya Kashem Ishra,Sumya Sydunnaher 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.5

A mega-industrial region is frequently the result of purposeful regional development policies. Mega-region development is a new form of rapid urbanization and economic growth that is stimulated by government infrastructure projects. The objective of this research is to examine how the core built-up area and population growth of Khulna city, Bangladesh are slowing relative to the periphery as a result of mega-regionalization. We describe the spatial transformation of the city using GIS and remote sensing for built-up area identification and two urban expansion indices–expansion intensity index and urban expansion differentiation index–for quantitative measurements. The findings indicate that the city’s periphery is seeing a higher rate of land use change and population agglomeration than the core. Secondly, the development hotspots are located in the peripheral regions. This change is largely fuelled by conventional speculative land and housing development similar to most cities with growing economies, and not the result of becoming a mega-industrial region. The land use transformation at the regional level and the city’s periphery has catastrophic repercussions because of massive resettlement and depeasantization.