Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sarcopenia as Comorbid Chronic Diseases in Older Adults: Established and Emerging Treatments and Therapies

Jakub Mesinovic,Jackson J. Fyfe,Jason Talevski,Michael J. Wheeler,Gloria K.W. Leung,Elena S. George,Melkamu T. Hunegnaw,Costas Glavas,Paul Jansons,Robin M. Daly,David Scott 대한당뇨병학회 2023 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.47 No.6

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sarcopenia (low skeletal muscle mass and function) share a bidirectional relationship. The prevalence of these diseases increases with age and they share common risk factors. Skeletal muscle fat infiltration, commonly referred to as myosteatosis, may be a major contributor to both T2DM and sarcopenia in older adults via independent effects on insulin resistance and muscle health. Many strategies to manage T2DM result in energy restriction and subsequent weight loss, and this can lead to significant declines in muscle mass in the absence of resistance exercise, which is also a first-line treatment for sarcopenia. In this review, we highlight recent evidence on established treatments and emerging therapies targeting weight loss and muscle mass and function improvements in older adults with, or at risk of, T2DM and/or sarcopenia. This includes dietary, physical activity and exercise interventions, new generation incretin-based agonists and myostatin-based antagonists, and endoscopic bariatric therapies. We also highlight how digital health technologies and health literacy interventions can increase uptake of, and adherence to, established and emerging treatments and therapies in older adults with T2DM and/or sarcopenia.

<i>FERMI</i> -LAT DETECTION OF PULSED GAMMA-RAYS ABOVE 50 GeV FROM THE VELA PULSAR

Leung, Gene C. K.,Takata, J.,Ng, C. W.,Kong, A. K. H.,Tam, P. H. T.,Hui, C. Y.,Cheng, K. S. IOP Publishing 2014 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.797 No.2

<P>The first Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) catalog of sources above 10 GeV reported evidence of pulsed emission above 25 GeV from 12 pulsars, including the Vela pulsar, which showed evidence of pulsation at > 37 GeV energy bands. Using 62 months of Fermi-LAT data, we analyzed the gamma-ray emission from the Vela pulsar and searched for pulsed emission above 50 GeV. Having confirmed the significance of the pulsation in 30-50 GeV with the H test (p-value similar to 10(-77)), we extracted its pulse profile using the Bayesian block algorithm and compared it with the distribution of the five observed photons above 50 GeV using the likelihood ratio test. Pulsation was significantly detected for photons above 50 GeV with a p-value of = 3 x 10(-5) (4.2 sigma). The detection of pulsation is significant above 4 sigma at > 79 GeV and above 3 sigma at > 90 GeV energy bands, making this the highest energy pulsation significantly detected by the LAT. We explore the non-stationary outer gap scenario of the very high-energy emissions from the Vela pulsar.</P>

Flexural ductility and deformability of reinforced and prestressed concrete sections

Francis T.K. Au,Cliff C.Y. Leung,Albert K.H. Kwan 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2011 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.8 No.4

In designing a flexural member for structural safety, both the flexural strength and ductility have to be considered. For this purpose, the flexural ductility of reinforced concrete sections has been studied quite extensively. As there have been relatively few studies on the flexural ductility of prestressed concrete sections, it is not well understood how various structural parameters affect the flexural ductility. In the present study, the full-range flexural responses of reinforced and prestressed concrete sections are analyzed taking into account the nonlinearity and stress-path dependence of constitutive materials. From the numerical results, the effects of steel content, yield strength and degree of prestressing on the yield curvature and ultimate curvature are evaluated. It is found that whilst the concept of flexural ductility in terms of the ductility factor works well for reinforced sections, it can be misleading when applied to prestressed concrete sections. For prestressed concrete sections, the concept of flexural deformability in terms of ultimate curvature times overall depth of section may be more appropriate.

Simulation of vibrations of Ting Kau Bridge due to vehicular loading from measurements

F.T.K. Au,P. Lou,J. Li,R.J. Jiang,J. Zhang,C.C.Y. Leung,P.K.K. Lee,이진휴,K.Y. Wong,H.Y. Chan 국제구조공학회 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.40 No.4

The Ting Kau Bridge in Hong Kong is a cable-stayed bridge comprising two main spans and two side spans. The bridge deck is supported by three towers, an end pier and an abutment. Each of the three towers consists of a single reinforced concrete mast strengthened by transverse cables and struts. The bridge deck is supported by four inclined planes of cables emanating from anchorages at the tower tops. In view of the heavy traffic on the bridge, and threats from typhoons and earthquakes originated in areas nearby, the dynamic behaviour of long-span cable-supported bridges in the region is always an important consideration in their design. Baseline finite element models of various levels of sophistication have been built not only to match the bridge geometry and cable forces specified on the as-constructed drawings but also to be calibrated using the vibration measurement data captured by the Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System. This paper further describes the analysis of axle loading data, as well as the generation of random axle loads and simulation of vibrations of the bridge using the finite element models. Various factors affecting the vehicular loading on the bridge will also be examined.

Simulation of vibrations of Ting Kau Bridge due to vehicular loading from measurements

Au, F.T.K.,Lou, P.,Li, J.,Jiang, R.J.,Zhang, J.,Leung, C.C.Y.,Lee, P.K.K.,Lee, J.H.,Wong, K.Y.,Chan, H.Y. Techno-Press 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.40 No.4

The Ting Kau Bridge in Hong Kong is a cable-stayed bridge comprising two main spans and two side spans. The bridge deck is supported by three towers, an end pier and an abutment. Each of the three towers consists of a single reinforced concrete mast strengthened by transverse cables and struts. The bridge deck is supported by four inclined planes of cables emanating from anchorages at the tower tops. In view of the heavy traffic on the bridge, and threats from typhoons and earthquakes originated in areas nearby, the dynamic behaviour of long-span cable-supported bridges in the region is always an important consideration in their design. Baseline finite element models of various levels of sophistication have been built not only to match the bridge geometry and cable forces specified on the as-constructed drawings but also to be calibrated using the vibration measurement data captured by the Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System. This paper further describes the analysis of axle loading data, as well as the generation of random axle loads and simulation of vibrations of the bridge using the finite element models. Various factors affecting the vehicular loading on the bridge will also be examined.

Null Space Solution of Jordan Chains for Derogatory Eigenproblems

A. Y. T. Leung,J. K. W. Chan 대한기계학회 1997 Asia-Pacific Vibration Conference Vol.2 No.1

Field measurements of natural periods of vibration and structural damping of wind-excited tall residential buildings

S. Campbell,K.C.S. Kwok,P.A. Hitchcock,K.T. Tse,H.Y. Leung 한국풍공학회 2007 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.10 No.5

Field measurements of the wind-induced response of two residential reinforced concrete buildings, among the tallest in the world, have been performed during two typhoons. Natural periods and damping values have been determined and compared with other field measurements and empirical predictors. Suitable and common empirical predictors of natural period and structural damping have been obtained that describe the trend of tall, reinforced concrete buildings whose structural vibrations have been measured in the collection of studies in Hong Kong compiled by the authors. This data is especially important as the amount of information known about the dynamic parameters of buildings of these heights is limited. Effects of the variation of the natural period and damping values on the alongwind response of a tall building for serviceability-level wind conditions have been profiled using the gust response factor approach. When using this approach on these two buildings, the often overestimated natural periods and structural damping values suggested by empirical predictors tended to offset each other. Gust response factors calculated using the natural periods and structural damping values measured in the field were smaller than if calculated using design-stage values.

Scheduling a single machine with parallel batching to minimize makespan and total rejection cost

He, C.,Leung, J.Y.T.,Lee, K.,Pinedo, M.L. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Discrete Applied Mathematics Vol.204 No.-

We consider the problem of scheduling a set of n jobs on a single machine with parallel batching and with rejection being allowed. Two bi-criteria problems are considered: (a) minimize the makespan subject to the constraint that the total rejection cost does not exceed a given threshold, and (b) minimize the total rejection cost subject to the constraint that the makespan does not exceed a given threshold. For the case of a batching machine with infinite capacity (i.e., the batch size allowed on the machine is larger than or equal to the number of jobs), we assume that the jobs have release dates. We present an O(n<SUP>2</SUP>)-time 2-approximation algorithm for problem (a) and, in addition, we present dynamic programming algorithms and fully polynomial-time approximation schemes for both problems (a) and (b). For the case of a batching machine with finite capacity (i.e., the batch size allowed on the machine is less than the number of jobs), we assume that the jobs have identical release dates. We propose approximation algorithms for (a) and present dynamic programming algorithms and fully polynomial-time approximation schemes for both problems (a) and (b).

HIGH-ENERGY EMISSIONS FROM THE GAMMA-RAY BINARY LS 5039

Takata, J.,Leung, Gene C. K.,Tam, P. H. T.,Kong, A. K. H.,Hui, C. Y.,Cheng, K. S. IOP Publishing 2014 The Astrophysical journal Vol.790 No.1

<P>We study mechanisms of multi-wavelength emissions (X-ray, GeV, and TeV gamma-rays) from the gamma-ray binary LS 5039. This paper is composed of two parts. In the first part, we report on results of observational analysis using 4 yr data of the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Due to the improvement of instrumental response function and increase of the statistics, the observational uncertainties of the spectrum in the similar to 100-300 MeV bands and > 10 GeV bands are significantly improved. The present data analysis suggests that the 0.1-100 GeV emissions from LS 5039 contain three different components: (1) the first component contributes to <1 GeV emissions around superior conjunction, (2) the second component dominates in the 1-10 GeV energy bands, and (3) the third component is compatible with the lower-energy tail of the TeV emissions. In the second part, we develop an emission model to explain the properties of the phase-resolved emissions in multi-wavelength observations. Assuming that LS 5039 includes a pulsar, we argue that emissions from both the magnetospheric outer gap and the inverse-Compton scattering process of cold-relativistic pulsar wind contribute to the observed GeV emissions. We assume that the pulsar is wrapped by two kinds of termination shock: Shock-I due to the interaction between the pulsar wind and the stellar wind and Shock-II due to the effect of the orbital motion. We propose that the X-rays are produced by the synchrotron radiation at the Shock-I region and the TeV gamma-rays are produced by the inverse-Compton scattering process at the Shock-II region.</P>

Interfacial electronic structures of metallic nanoparticles on bare- and functionalized-Au nanoisland templates, and on transition metal oxide supports

손영구,Debabrata Pradhan,K. T. Leung 한국진공학회 2011 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.40 No.0