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Review of computational fluid dynamics modeling of iron sintering process
Junseon Park,Seungjin Lee,Joong Yull Park 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.9
Iron ore sintering is a pretreatment step of smelting that agglomerates the iron ore using surface melting of green pellets to improve the quality of the steel product. The sintering process not only improves the quality of steel products, but also releases CO and CO 2gases, evaporates moisture, and improves the reducibility of iron ore to ensure smooth operation of the blast furnace. These factors are related with variables such as temperature and flux, so optimization is essential. However, the sintering process generates a lot of cost by consuming the second largest amount of energy in steel manufacturing and releases pollutants, so optimization through experiments is inefficient. Therefore, the various CFD models that simulate the sintering process were developed by the researchers. This paper summarizes the research that developed the iron sintering process as a CFD model. The sintering process is divided into three stages: drying process, reaction process, and cooling process, and the considerations of each study are discussed. We also discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each study. Developing an iron ore sintering model has the potential to extend the application of CFD to the entire steel process, which is expected to reduce cost and environmental impact and increase efficiency.
Moon, Hyojin,Lee, Jisu,Min, Junseon,Kang, Sebyung American Chemical Society 2014 Biomacromolecules Vol.15 No.10
<P>Protein cage nanoparticles are excellent candidates for use as multifunctional delivery nanoplatforms because they are built from biomaterials and have a well-defined structure. A novel protein cage nanoparticle, encapsulin, isolated from thermophilic bacteria <I>Thermotoga maritima</I>, is prepared and developed as a versatile template for targeted delivery nanoplatforms through both chemical and genetic engineering. It is pivotal for multifunctional delivery nanoplatforms to have functional plasticity and versatility to acquire targeting ligands, diagnostic probes, and drugs simultaneously. Encapsulin is genetically engineered to have unusual heat stability and to acquire multiple functionalities in a precisely controlled manner. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell binding peptide (SP94-peptide, SFSIIHTPILPL) is chosen as a targeting ligand and displayed on the surface of engineered encapsulin (Encap_loophis42C123) through either chemical conjugation or genetic insertion. The effective and selective targeted delivery of SP94-peptide displaying encapsulin (SP94-Encap_loophis42C123) to HepG2 cells is confirmed by fluorescent microscopy imaging. Aldoxorubicin (AlDox), an anticancer prodrug, is chemically loaded to SP94-Encap_loophis42C123 via thiol-maleimide Michael-type addition, and the efficacy of the delivered drugs is evaluated with a cell viability assay. SP94-Encap_loophis42C123-AlDox shows comparable killing efficacy with that of free drugs without the platform’s own cytotoxicity. Functional plasticity and versatility of the engineered encapsulin allow us to introduce targeting ligands, diagnostic probes, and therapeutic reagents simultaneously, providing opportunities to develop multifunctional delivery nanoplatforms.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bomaf6/2014/bomaf6.2014.15.issue-10/bm501066m/production/images/medium/bm-2014-01066m_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bm501066m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>