Comparison of Different Fibers for In Vitro Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids by Intestinal Microflora

Joanne L.,Anne M. Pylkas,Lekh Raj Juneja 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.1

The fermentation of dietary fiber in the large intestine and the by-products of this fermentation are thought toprotect against colonic diseases. As it is difficult to measure the fermentation of dietary fiber in an intact animal, in vitro tech-niques have been developed to compare the fermentability of various dietary fibers. The objective of this project was to com-pare short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production with different fibers in an in vitrofermentation model. A wide range of com-mercially available dietary fiber sources was compared for SCFA production. Fibers were fermented with a fecal innoculumfor 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. SCFAs were measured by gas chromatography. SCFA production varied among the fibersources. Hydrolyzed guar gum and galactomannan produced the greatest amounts of total SCFAs. Butyrate production washigher with the fiber sources than the glucose control. Acetate production was less for psyllium than the other fibers. Thus,different dietary fiber sources are more readily fermented by fecal microflora. These differences most likely affect the phys-iological differences seen among dietary fiber sources.

Disruption of the interaction between myosin VI and SAP97 is associated with a reduction in the number of AMPARs at hippocampal synapses

Nash, Joanne E.,Appleby, Vanessa J.,Corrê,a, Sonia A. L.,Wu, Hongju,Fitzjohn, Stephen M.,Garner, Craig C.,Collingridge, Graham L.,Molná,r, Elek Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Journal of Neurochemistry Vol.112 No.3

<P><I>J. Neurochem.</I> (2010) <B>112</B>, 677–690.</P><P>Abstract</P><P>Myosin VI is an actin-based motor protein that is enriched at the postsynaptic density and appears to interact with alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) via synapse associated protein 97 (SAP97). Here, we find that a Flag epitope-tagged dominant negative construct that inhibits the interaction between SAP97 and myosin VI (Flag-myoVI-DN) causes a dramatic reduction in the number of synapses and the surface expression of AMPARs in cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, we find that Flag-myoVI-DN also prevents the rapid delivery of AMPARs to synapses that can be induced by the transient activation of <I>N</I>-methyl-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-aspartate receptors. The Flag-myoVI-DN induced decrease in surface AMPARs is not because of reduced AMPAR subunit protein synthesis. Using whole-cell recording, we show that Flag-myoVI-DN also prevents the activity-induced increase in miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency that is normally associated with recruitment of AMPARs to the cell surface at synaptic sites that lack these receptors (i.e. ‘silent’ synapses). Together, these results indicate that myosin VI/SAP97 plays an important role in trafficking and activity-dependent recruitment of AMPARs to synapses.</P>

The Role of Philippine Local Traders in the Domestic and International Market for Quality Seaweeds

Earl Joanne Santos-Ramirez,Paul Joseph B. Ramirez,Orelie B. Delas Alas,Carlos L. Magnaye 한국무역학회 2019 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2019 No.08

This paper highlights the important role of traders in the seaweeds value chain in the Philippines. Using rapid appraisal and value chain approaches, the study analyzed the contribution of traders in terms of their value additions and essential activities necessary to bring quality raw dried seaweeds and semi-refined carrageenan to final markets. In the two cases studied, results showed that, on a per kilogram basis, the barangay and large/provincial traders received the least share among value chain players but are compensated commensurately. For both established and emerging seaweeds value chain areas examined, the role of the traders in linking up players and matching the supply and demand by effectively consolidating to meet volume and quality requirements and ensuring competitive prices was found indispensable.

TeenACE Literacy : Pilot Study In Hawai'i

Dowrick, Peter W.,Yuen, JoAnn W. L. 국립특수교육원 2006 The Asia-Pacific Journal of Inclusive Education Vol.3 No.-

The learning traditions of many immigrant communities conflict with instruction practiced in the majority of US schools. We developed the TeenACE Reading and Writing program for Pacific region literacy needs. A 2-month pilot test with English language learners (ELLs) with educational disabilities compared TeenACE with instruction-as-usual (ten 9th graders in each condition). TeenACE students made gains in all areas of literacy, and in attitudes towards education, as shown by quantitative tests and case studies. We conclude that disadvantages for ELLs with disabilities may be offset by cultural considerations, including picture-based storytelling, plus the use of multimedia technology.

Priority Setting for Occupational Cancer Prevention

Cheryl E. Peters,Alison L. Palmer,Joanne Telfer,Calvin B. Ge,Amy L. Hall,Hugh W. Davies,Manisha Pahwa,Paul A. Demers 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.2

Background: Selecting priority occupational carcinogens is important for cancer prevention efforts; however, standardized selection methods are not available. The objective of this paper was to describe the methods used by CAREX Canada in 2015 to establish priorities for preventing occupational cancer, with a focus on exposure estimation and descriptive profiles. Methods: Four criteria were used in an expert assessment process to guide carcinogen prioritization: (1) the likelihood of presence and/or use in Canadian workplaces; (2) toxicity of the substance (strength of evidence for carcinogenicity and other health effects); (3) feasibility of producing a carcinogen profile and/or an occupational estimate; and (4) special interest from the public/scientific community. Carcinogens were ranked as high, medium or low priority based on specific conditions regarding these criteria, and stakeholder input was incorporated. Priorities were set separately for the creation of new carcinogen profiles and for new occupational exposure estimates. Results: Overall, 246 agents were reviewed for inclusion in the occupational priorities list. For carcinogen profile generation, 103 were prioritized (11 high, 33 medium, and 59 low priority), and 36 carcinogens were deemed priorities for occupational exposure estimation (13 high, 17 medium, and 6 low priority). Conclusion: Prioritizing and ranking occupational carcinogens is required for a variety of purposes, including research, resource allocation at different jurisdictional levels, calculations of occupational cancer burden, and planning of CAREX-type projects in different countries. This paper outlines how this process was achieved in Canada; this may provide a model for other countries and jurisdictions as a part of occupational cancer prevention efforts.

논문편 : 노인들의 환경디자인 요소와 낙상위험 인지도와의 관계 및 주거내에서 낙상위험을 줄이기 위한 디자인 지침

박희진,조앤슈로이어 ( Hee Jin Pak,JoAnn L . Shroyer ) 대한가정학회 1996 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.34 No.6

Opportunities for Improving Value in Global Seaweed Products Trade: A Value Chain Analysis for Seaweeds in the Philippines

Paul Joseph B. Ramirez,Earl Joanne Santos-Ramirez,Orelie B. Delas Alas,Carlos L. Magnaye 한국무역학회 2019 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2019 No.08

The paper focused on identifying potential upgrading solutions along the seaweeds value chain in the Philippines. Using rapid appraisal and value chain approaches, the study revealed that the seaweeds industry is performing relatively well but there is still room for improvement. Based on two sets of value chain cases analyzed, the industry can capture greater value and revenues by transforming raw dried seaweeds to carrageenan rather than selling the former outright to other countries. The estimated value added in the two cases displayed that the processors in both scenarios receive much better gains, triple at the least of the raw dried seaweed exporters. This can also improve utilization of existing seaweeds processing plants and support the employment of local workers. Apart from the fact that the country has a competitive advantage in producing quality carrageenan, it will save the carrageenan plants from sourcing out their raw dried seaweeds inputs from its competitor countries that would also have impact on the bottom lines of the industry.

Priority Setting for Occupational Cancer Prevention

Peters, Cheryl E.,Palmer, Alison L.,Telfer, Joanne,Ge, Calvin B.,Hall, Amy L.,Davies, Hugh W.,Pahwa, Manisha,Demers, Paul A. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.2

Background: Selecting priority occupational carcinogens is important for cancer prevention efforts; however, standardized selection methods are not available. The objective of this paper was to describe the methods used by CAREX Canada in 2015 to establish priorities for preventing occupational cancer, with a focus on exposure estimation and descriptive profiles. Methods: Four criteria were used in an expert assessment process to guide carcinogen prioritization: (1) the likelihood of presence and/or use in Canadian workplaces; (2) toxicity of the substance (strength of evidence for carcinogenicity and other health effects); (3) feasibility of producing a carcinogen profile and/or an occupational estimate; and (4) special interest from the public/scientific community. Carcinogens were ranked as high, medium or low priority based on specific conditions regarding these criteria, and stakeholder input was incorporated. Priorities were set separately for the creation of new carcinogen profiles and for new occupational exposure estimates. Results: Overall, 246 agents were reviewed for inclusion in the occupational priorities list. For carcinogen profile generation, 103 were prioritized (11 high, 33 medium, and 59 low priority), and 36 carcinogens were deemed priorities for occupational exposure estimation (13 high, 17 medium, and 6 low priority). Conclusion: Prioritizing and ranking occupational carcinogens is required for a variety of purposes, including research, resource allocation at different jurisdictional levels, calculations of occupational cancer burden, and planning of CAREX-type projects in different countries. This paper outlines how this process was achieved in Canada; this may provide a model for other countries and jurisdictions as a part of occupational cancer prevention efforts.

Wheat Dextrin, Psyllium, and Inulin Produce Distinct Fermentation Patterns, Gas Volumes, and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles In Vitro

Derek A. Timm,Ashok Hospattankar,Joanne L. Slavin 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.4

Dietary fiber fermentation decreases luminal pH by the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additional proposed physiological benefits of fiber fermentation include decreased growth of pathogenic bacteria, increased mineral absorption, and serving as an energy source for the colon epithelium. This study examined three common fiber supplements—wheat dextrin (WD) (Benefiber®, Novartis Consumer Health Inc., Parsippany, NJ, USA), psyllium (PS) (Metamucil®, Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA), and inulin (Fiber Sure®, Procter & Gamble)—for pH, SCFAs, and gas production. An established in vitro fermentation model was used to simulate colonic fermentation at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. At 24 hours, WD and inulin significantly decreased pH compared to PS. Inulin produced significantly more hydrogen and total gas. All treatments produced similar total SCFA concentrations at 24 hours; however, the rate of production was different. PS had a declining rate of SCFA production from 12 to 24 hours, whereas WD and inulin had a higher rate during that period. Fast-fermenting substrates may not provide as much SCFAs to the distal colon as slow-fermenting substrates. Differences in fermentation rate, gas production, and SCFA production observed for WD, PS, and inulin may affect their gastrointestinal tolerance and require further study.

LTP in hippocampal neurons is associated with a CaMKII‐mediated increase in GluA1 surface expression

Appleby, Vanessa J.,Corrê,a, Sonia A. L.,Duckworth, Joshua K.,Nash, Joanne E.,Noë,l, Jacques,Fitzjohn, Stephen M.,Collingridge, Graham L.,Molná,r, Elek Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of Neurochemistry Vol.116 No.4

<P> <I>J. Neurochem.</I> (2011) <B>116</B>, 530–543.</P><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The use of hippocampal dissociated neuronal cultures has enabled the study of molecular changes in endogenous native proteins associated with long‐term potentiation. Using immunofluorescence labelling of the active (Thr286‐phosphorylated) alpha‐Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) we found that CaMKII activity was increased by transient (3 × 1 s) depolarisation in 18‐ to 21‐day‐old cultures but not in 9‐ to 11‐day‐old cultures. The increase in Thr286 phosphorylation of CaMKII required the activation of NMDA receptors and was greatly attenuated by the CaMKII inhibitor KN‐62. We compared the effects of transient depolarisation on the surface expression of GluA1 and GluA2 subunits of the alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionate receptor and found a preferential recruitment of the GluA1 subunit. CaMKII inhibition prevented this NMDA receptor‐dependent delivery of GluA1 to the cell surface. CaMKII activation is therefore an important factor in the activity‐dependent recruitment of native GluA1 subunit‐containing alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionate receptors to the cell surface of hippocampal neurons.</P>