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Behavior of GDI fuel spray adhered on a wall
( Kengo Jinnai ),( Yoshihiro Kobayashi ),( Masataka Arai ) 한국액체미립화학회 2017 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-
Impingement behavior of iso-octane spray injected from GDI nozzle was investigated. Ground glass plate was used as an impingement wall to observe trace-mark of liquid film on the wall. When fuel spray adhered on the ground glass plate, the light transmitted only through adhesion area of liquid fuel. This light-transmitted liquid film area was observed from bottom side of the impingement plate. The trace-mark image of liquid film was taken by high-speed camera during and after injection period. It was binarized and evaluated as the adhered area of liquid film. Adhesion area was measured under two injection pressure conditions (P<sub>inj</sub>=0.6MPa and 3.0MPa) and two impingement distances (z= 30 mm and 50 mm) with dry wall and wet wall conditions. The total injection period was 15 ms for single shot injection. As for the split injection (10ms x 3 shots), interval of split injection was 5ms but total injected mass was kept to be same as the single injection. Fuel adhesion started when spray tip arrived at the impingement plate, its area expanded with injection elapsed however it was always narrower than the wall spray area that was observed as a general top view image of impingement spray. Further, adhesion area still increased during a few milli-seconds after injection finished. During the interval period of split injection, adhesion area was also expanded. Adhesion area on wet wall was narrower than that on dry wall because of secondary splash from wet wall. Since the continuous increase of adhesion area during the interval period was cancelled by the splash caused by following split spray, there was no apparent difference on adhesion film behaviors of single and split fuel injection. Larger increase rate of adhesion area was obtained at P<sub>inj</sub>=3.0MPa than that at P<sub>inj</sub>=0.6MPa, but qualitative behavior of adhesion area was not affected by the injection pressure.
Arrangement of Block Copolymer Microdomains Confined inside Hemispherical Cavities
Bae, Dusik,Jeon, Gumhye,Jinnai, Hiroshi,Huh, June,Kim, Jin Kon American Chemical Society 2013 Macromolecules Vol.46 No.13
<P>We investigated, via scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the arrangement of the microdomains of symmetric polystyrene-<I>block</I>-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer (PS-<I>b</I>-PMMA) confined in hemispherical cavities. The hemispherical cavities were prepared by using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template, where the inner surface of the cavities was modified by thin brush layers of PS, PMMA, and PS-<I>ran</I>-PMMA copolymer. When the inner surface of the cavity is strongly selective to PS chains, concentric rings consisting of PS and PMMA microdomains are formed, replicating the confined geometry of hemisphere. However, as the selectivity of a brush to PS chains becomes weaker, various interesting morphologies are formed that have not been reported in the literature. The experimentally observed microdomain arrangement confined inside the hemispherical cavities was compared with the simulation results based on the dynamic Metropolis Monte Carlo method.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2013/mamobx.2013.46.issue-13/ma4009324/production/images/medium/ma-2013-009324_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma4009324'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Kensuke Takenkaka,Akihito Jinnai,Kentaro Kotani,Satoshi Suzuki,Takafumi Asao,Asuka Otsuka,Seiji Nakagawa 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the intensity of perceived tactile stimuli on the difference of the spatial location on the palm. Air-puff stimuli were presented on 16 different locations on the palm as well as the tip of the index finger. Participants performed magnitude estimation protocol, where each tactile stimulus was evaluated in terms of the stimulus intensity. The results revealed that the relationship of perceived tactile intensity between distal and proximal sides showed no significant difference, whereas the relationship between medial and lateral sides showed significant differences in perceived stimulus. Difference of perceived intensity between medial and lateral sides implied that hardness of the skin surface may affect the perceived intensity rather than the distribution of mechanoreceptors on the palm. Overall, current results obtained in this study would contribute to the optimum design specifications for tactile interface devices.
( Kensuke Takenkaka ),( Akihito Jinnai ),( Kentaro Kotani ),( Satoshi Suzuki ),( Takafumi Asao ),( Asuka Otsuka ),( Seiji Nakagawa ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the intensity of perceived tactile stimuli on the difference of the spatial location on the palm. Air-puff stimuli were presented on 16 different locations on the palm as well as the tip of the index finger. Participants performed magnitude estimation protocol, where each tactile stimulus was evaluated in terms of the stimulus intensity. The results revealed that the relationship of perceived tactile intensity between distal and proximal sides showed no significant difference, whereas the relationship between medial and lateral sides showed significant differences in perceived stimulus. Difference of perceived intensity between medial and lateral sides implied that hardness of the skin surface may affect the perceived intensity rather than the distribution of mechanoreceptors on the palm. Overall, current results obtained in this study would contribute to the optimum design specifications for tactile interface devices.