Comparison of dry- and wet-heat induced changes in physicochemical properties of whey protein in absence or presence of inulin

Feng Gao,Xuefei Zhang,Hao Wang,Xiaomeng Sun,Jiaqi Wang,Cuina Wang 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.5

Changes in whey protein (10%, w/v) induced bydry-heating (60 C for 5 days at a relative humidity of63%), wet-heating (85 C for 30 min) or the two-combinedheating in absence or presence of inulin (8%, w/v) werestudied. Mixture of whey protein and inulin showed significantlyhigher absorbance at 290 nm than whey proteinalone in all heating conditions while only dry-heatedsamples showed significantly increased absorbance value at420 nm (p\0.05). Whey protein after heating showedsignificantly lower zeta potential and inulin decreased thevalue of all heated samples further (p\0.05) except forsamples after dry-heating. Heating decreased the freesulfhydryl group content of whey protein samples whilepresence of inulin decreased further (p\0.05). Dry-heatingdecreased while wet-heating increased the surfacehydrophobicity of whey protein. Inulin had no effect on thesurface hydrophobicity of heated whey protein under dryheatingbut decreased under wet-heating.

Multiple model switching adaptive control for vibration control of cantilever beam with varying load using MFC actuators and sensors

Zhiyuan Gao,Jiaqi Huang,Zhonghua Miao,Xiaojin Zhu 국제구조공학회 2020 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.25 No.5

Vibration at the tip of various flexible manipulators may affect their operation accuracy and work efficiency. To suppress such vibrations, the feasibility of using MFC actuators and sensors is investigated in this paper. Considering the convergence of the famous filtered-x least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm could not be guaranteed while it is employed for vibration suppression of plants with varying secondary path, this paper proposes a new multiple model switching adaptive control algorithm to implement the real time active vibration suppression tests with a new multiple switching strategy. The new switching strategy is based on a cost function with reconstructed error signal and disturbance signal instead of the error signal from the error sensor. And from a robustness perspective, a new variable step-size sign algorithm (VSSA) based FXLMS algorithm is proposed to improve the convergence rate. A cantilever beam with varying tip mass is employed as flexible manipulator model. MFC layers are attached on both sides of it as sensors and actuators. A co-simulation platform was built using ADAMS and MATLAB to test the feasibility of the proposed algorithms. And an experimental platform was constructed to verify the effectiveness of MFC actuators and sensors and the real-time vibration control performance. Simulation and experiment results show that the proposed FXLMS algorithm based multiple model adaptive control approach has good convergence performance under varying load conditions for the flexible cantilever beam, and the proposed FX-VSSA-LMS algorithm based multiple model adaptive control algorithm has the best vibration suppression performance.

Systematical characterization of functional and antioxidative properties of heat-induced polymerized whey proteins

Feng Gao,Xuefei Zhang,Jiaqi Wang,Xiaomeng Sun,Cuina Wang 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.6

Effects of pH (6–8), protein concentration (6–11%, w/v), heating temperature (70–95 C) and time (5–30 min) on functional and antioxidative properties of heat-induced polymerized whey protein were systematically investigated. All samples were determined for solubility at pH 4.6, emulsion capacity and stability, and antioxidative properties involving 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,20-azinobis(2-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonate) (ABTS) scavenging abilities. Heating resulted in significant loss in solubility, emulsion capacity and stability for whey protein, p\0.05. Heating decreased DPPH but enhanced ABTS scavenging ability for whey protein significantly, p\0.05. Changes caused by pH variation were much stronger than those observed for other factors. Both protein concentration and heating time had negative effects while heating temperature had positive effect on emulsion capacity of whey protein. Data indicates that functional and antioxidative properties of whey protein could be altered by factors including pH, protein concentration, heating temperature and time.

Blood amino acids profile responding to heat stress in dairy cows

Jiang Guo,Shengtao Gao,Suyu Quan,Yangdong Zhang,Dengpan Bu,Jiaqi Wang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.1

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of heat stress on milk protein and blood amino acid profile in dairy cows. Methods: Twelve dairy cows with the similar parity, days in milk and milk yield were randomly divided into two groups with six cows raised in summer and others in autumn, respectively. Constant managerial conditions and diets were maintained during the experiment. Measurements and samples for heat stress and no heat stress were obtained according to the physical alterations of the temperature-humidity index. Results: Results showed that heat stress significantly reduced the milk protein content (p<0.05). Heat stress tended to decrease milk yield (p = 0.09). Furthermore, heat stress decreased dry matter intake, the concentration of blood glucose and insulin, and glutathione peroxidase activity, while increased levels of non-esterified fatty acid and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Additionally, the concentrations of blood Thr involved in immune response were increased under heat stress (p<0.05). The concentration of blood Ala, Glu, Asp, and Gly, associated with gluconeogenesis, were also increased under heat stress (p<0.05). However, the concentration of blood Lys that promotes milk protein synthesis was decreased under heat stress (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study revealed that more amino acids were required for maintenance but not for milk protein synthesis under heat stress, and the decreased availability of amino acids for milk protein synthesis may be attributed to competition of immune response and gluconeogenesis.

BK Channel Deficiency in Osteoblasts Reduces Bone Formation via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway

Jiang, Lan,Yang, Qianhong,Gao, Jianjun,Yang, Jiahong,He, Jiaqi,Xin, Hong,Zhang, Xuemei Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2021 Molecules and cells Vol.44 No.8

Global knockout of the BK channel has been proven to affect bone formation; however, whether it directly affects osteoblast differentiation and the mechanism are elusive. In the current study, we further investigated the role of BK channels in bone development and explored whether BK channels impacted the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts via the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrated that knockout of Kcnma1 disrupted the osteogenesis of osteoblasts and inhibited the stabilization of β-catenin. Western blot analysis showed that the protein levels of Axin1 and USP7 increased when Kcnma1 was deficient. Together, this study confirmed that BK ablation decreased bone mass via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our findings also showed that USP7 might have the ability to stabilize the activity of Axin1, which would increase the degradation of β-catenin in osteoblasts.

POWER LOSS EVALUATION OF AUTOMATED MANUAL TRANSMISSION WITH GEARSHIFT ASSISTANT MECHANISM

Zhiqiang Sun,Bingzhao Gao,Jiaqi Jin,Kazushi Sanada 한국자동차공학회 2021 International journal of automotive technology Vol.22 No.2

This paper deals with the power loss evaluation in gearshift assistant mechanism applied in automated manual transmission. The originalities include building the numerical models of gearshift assistant mechanism efficiency analysis for cost penalty evaluation and designing gear ratio matching algorithm to match the gear ratios of epicyclic mechanism with desired ones, which is expected to minimize the clutch friction losses by reducing the angular velocity differences between two clutch pads. In the numerical models, gear meshing losses and friction losses are considered the main power sink. By the kinematic relationships and power flow analysis, a set of generalized efficiency calculating formulas of simple epicyclic mechanism in six working modes with respect to teeth numbers are summarized, which are useful computer-aided tools in calculating multiple simple epicyclic mechanisms’ efficiency. The matched gear ratios and the efficiency models are tested on a powertrain simulation model and several simulation results are reported. Finally, this paper summarized the merits and further research targets of the proposed transmission, which is a promising structure to achieve swift and smooth gearshift with low power losses.

MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF A NOVEL AUTOMATED MANUAL TRANSMISSION WITH GEARSHIFT ASSISTANT MECHANISM

Zhiqiang Sun,Bingzhao Gao,Jiaqi Jin,Kazushi Sanada 한국자동차공학회 2019 International journal of automotive technology Vol.20 No.5

To eliminate or reduce torque interruption and driveline jerk for traditional automated manual transmission (AMT), AMT with a gearshift assistant mechanism (GAM) is originally proposed in this paper. The GAM consists of a torque complementary motor and an epicyclic mechanism with a synchronizing clutch. During gear upshift, the electrical motor provides complementary torque to primary (output) shaft after synchronizer discharges, then the synchronizing clutch will work to synchronize primary shaft with anticipated gear. The lockup of the synchronizing clutch will ensure the synchronization of primary shaft and anticipated gear. After finishing synchronizing, synchronizer will lock up the anticipated gear and engine recovers torque supply to finish gearshift. Based on the mathematical model of the proposed transmission, its detailed structure, kinematic character and dynamic behavior are discussed. Controllers are designed to achieve presumed gearshift performance, and simulation results show its effectiveness. Problems may be encountered in engineering application and possible application on electrical vehicle (EV) of the proposed transmission are also discussed. Finally, this paper summarized the merits and further research targets of the proposed transmission, which is a promising structure to achieve swift and smooth gearshift.

Schisantherin A Improves Learning and Memory of Mice with D-Galactose-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment Through Its Antioxidation and Regulation of p19/p53/p21/ Cyclin D1/CDK4/RB Gene Expressions

Cong Liu,Weijing Sun,Ning Li,Jiaqi Gao,Chunyan Yu,Chunmei Wang,Jinghui Sun,Shu Jing,JianGuang Chen,He Li 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.7

Schisantherin A (SCA) was evaluated for possible function in restoring the learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose in mice. ICR mice were treated with D-galactose subcutaneously (220 mg·kg−1), and followed by SCA in different doses (1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 mg·kg−1, administered orally) for 42 days. Effects of SCA on learning and memory were examined by step-through tests and Morris water maze tests. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the peripheral blood and hippocampus of mice were assayed by water-soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. The contents of 8 hydroxy deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) in the hippocampus of mice were detected by immunosorbent assay methods, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot were respectively used to detect the expression of p19, p53, p21, cyclin D1, CDK4 and RB genes, and the phosphorylation of RB in the hippocampus of mice. We found that SCA significantly improved the learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose in mice. After SCA treatment, SOD activity was increased and the content of MDA was decreased in both peripheral blood and hippocampus of mice. 8-OHDG content was also decreased in the hippocampus of mice. Furthermore, the expression of p19, p53 and p21 genes was reduced and the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 and the phosphorylation of RB protein were elevated in the hippocampus. SCA may improve the learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose by enhancing the antioxidant capacity, and regulating the expression of p19/p53/p21/cyclinD1/CDK4 genes, and the phosphorylation of RB protein in the hippocampus of mice.

Hydrogen sulfide removal by copper sulfate circulation method

Yingwu Yin,Ge Yan,Huichao Weng,Jiaqi Yang,Weichao Bao,Yuxing Gao 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.8

Although copper sulfate (CuSO4) as a valuable desulfurizer is commonly used in the laboratory, it is not applied in industry due to its high cost and lack of practical regeneration method. In this study, a method for regeneration of the absorption product copper sulfide (CuS) under mild conditions is put forward. In the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl), CuSO4 could be regenerated smoothly in acid solution and be recycled for the absorption of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Specifically, under the conditions of 0.30mol/L chloride ion (Cl−), 1.8% acidity at 323 K, for 5.5 h, the regeneration efficiency will be higher than 99%. Moreover, extensive experimental studies showed that the addition of Cl− would not observably influence the absorption efficiency of H2S. These results reveal the potential for developing a novel, efficient and low-cost desulfurization technology.

Comparative analysis of bovine maternal corpus luteum microRNAs with aberrant and normal developed cloned fetus at late gestation

Xiaohu Su,Shenyuan Wang,Guangqi Gao,Xinyu Zho,Lidong Han,Guanghua Su,Jiaqi Zhang,Wanfu Bai,Xiuying Wang,Guangpeng Li,Li Zhang 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.3

Background The development efficiency of cloned cattle is extremely low (< 5%), most of them were aborted at late gestation. Based on our previous studies, some recipient cows with a cloned fetus would present as engorged uterine vessels and enlarged umbilical vessels randomly. Abortion involves both maternal and fetal factors. Objective Our aim was to explore this phenomenon by microRNAs expression profile analysis of maternal corpus luteum (CL), which was related to pregnancy maintenance. Methods The present study provided the comparison of maternal CL miRNAs expression of abnormally and normally developed cloned bovine fetus at late gestation (~ 210 days) using RNA-Seq technology. Results We selected two abnormally pregnant cows (abnormal group, AG) and three normally pregnant cows (normal group, NG) and acquired valid reads of 9317,261–12,327,185 (~ 84.53–91.28%) from five libraries. In total, we identified 981 conserved miRNAs and 223 novel miRNAs. 1052 miRNAs were co-expressed, 124 miRNAs were uniquely expressed in AG, and 93 miRNAs were uniquely expressed in the NG. Compared with NG, 11 were significantly overexpressed, and 22 were downregulated (p < 0.05) at AG among 1052 co-expressed miRNAs. The differentially expressed miRNAs-targeted genes were further analyzed by Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis. Notably, the steroid biosynthesis pathway was a significantly enriched term (p < 0.01), which may affect the secretion of progesterone. Conclusion Our research suggested that abnormal miRNAs expression of bovine maternal CL may affect the pregnant status at late gestation.