Destination image and Revisit Intention of Zhangjiakou's Ski Tourism in the Post-Winter Olympics Era: Mediating Role of Perceived Value and Satisfaction

( Jianmin Shi ),( Lei Qiang ),( Xiuxiu Bu ),( Xing Yan ) 한국융합과학회 2022 한국융합과학회 국제학술대회자료집 Vol.2022 No.0

Introduction Since the opening of the first Winter Olympics in 1924, it has gone through 24 times, and its century-long development has always promoted the spread and promotion of the spirit and culture of the Olympic Movement. In the development of the Olympic Movement, sustainability has gradually become an indispensable theme. (Olympic Agenda 2020+5, 2020). In the current society, sustainable development has gradually become a behavioral standard and value system widely recognized by the international community (Sustainable Development, 2015). Especially in the Olympic venues, the concept of sustainable development also played an important guiding role. The main function of these venues is to serve the competition, and the utilization and sustainable development of the venues after the competition has become a matter of concern (Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Sustainability Plan, 2019). As one of the co-hosts of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, Zhangjiakou ice and snow tourism has developed rapidly. During the 2020-2021 snow season, Zhangjiakou City will receive 2.462 million tourists, a year-on-year increase of 83%. (Zhangjiakou News Network, 2022). It is not difficult to see from the growth of tourists that the Winter Olympics will have a positive impact on Zhangjiakou's tourism industry, indicating that Zhangjiakou's ice and snow tourism industry has begun to take shape and is gaining momentum. For example, in 2003, the number of tourists in Zhangjiakou Wanlong Ski Resort was less than 10,000. In the 2015 snow season (the year of the successful Olympic bid), the number of tourists soared to more than 200,000. In the 2020-2021 snow season, this number has reached 368,000 (China Business Network, 2022). With the end of the 2022 Winter Olympics, Zhangjiakou lacks a lot of exposure compared to the Winter Olympics, and it is unclear whether this momentum can continue. To promote sustainable tourism in Zhangjiakou, it is important to understand tourists’ decision-making processes because maintaining a substantial number of tourists is a necessary condition for sustainable tourism development (Jin et al., 2019). In the tourism sector, an important thing is to ensure that tourists revisit specific places in the future, which depends on the first visit experience and attractions (Osman & Sentosa , 2013). Oppermann (1998); Gyte and Phelps (1989); Gitelson and Crompton (1984) pointed out that revisiting tourists can effectively reduce the market cost of tourist destinations, increase economic benefits, maintain a stable source of tourists and bring positive tourist word-of-mouth effect. For tourist destinations, tourists' willingness to revisit is an important indicator of their business development.One of the factors influencing sport tourists' revisit is tourists' inference from destination image, perceived value which attracts sport tourists and it is necessary to develop it (Chen & Tsai, 2007; Quintal & Polczynski, 2010). Although tourism literature has paid attention to perceived value, however, tourism researchers and practitioners have not paid equal attention to the customer's service experience (Lee et al., 2007; Dong & Siu, 2013). In fact, the importance of visitor experience cannot be overemphasized, tourists who experience satisfactory traveling services and destination, they would have more intentions to visit the same destinations again(Kim & Brown,2012; San et al., 2019). Mazanec et al. (2007) showed that while the competitiveness of a tourism destination is considered as the ability of that destination to provide services, memorable experience and customers' satisfaction and consequently to increase their revisit and more earning for that destination, this concept is only a definition. Tourists' revisit depends on their satisfaction from destination (Guntoro & Hui, 2013). Research on the factors influencing tourists' revisit of sport tourism destinations can provide strategies to increase the attraction of sport tourists and to improve the economic level of the destinations. Given the importance of the above, this study explores the relationship between destination image, perceived value, satisfaction, and revisit intention of ski tourism destinations. Importantly, these variables have not been studied as a comprehensive model in Zhangjiakou as a tourist destination until now.Within this framework, the primary factors in sustainable development of a destination become clearer, offering guidance to researchers and destination marketers alike. Methods This study conducted a questionnaire survey on 500 ski tourists who went to Zhangjiakou after the Winter Olympics. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, intermediary effect analysis. Result and Discussion

Relationships between Motivation, Goal Orientation, Satisfaction, and Adherence in Skiers at Beijing Ski Resorts

Jianmin Shi,Xiaodai Jia,Yan Xing,Xiuxiu Bu,Qiang Lei,Qunqun Sun 아시아스포츠융합과학회 2023 Asia Pacific Journal of Applied Sport Sciences Vol.4 No.1

PURPOSE Based on theoretical evidence and previous literature, this study proposes research hypotheses and establishes a structural equation model (SEM) that includes variables such as motivation, goal orientation, satisfaction, and adherence. METHOD Study participants included skiers at the ski resorts located around Beijing. In total, 700 questionnaires were distributed, and 44 invalid questionnaires were removed for being incomplete or incorrect; 656 questionnaires were retained and analyzed using SPSS v. 26 and Amos v. 23. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling methods were used in the analyses. RESULT This study explored the relationship between motivation, goal orientation, satisfaction, and adherence in skier participants through a quantitative analysis. Through the establishment and verification of the structural equation mode, the following conclusions were drawn: First, motivation directly affects goal orientation. Second, motivation directly affects satisfaction. Third, motivation directly affects adherence. Fourth, goal orientation directly affects satisfaction. Fifth, goal orientation directly affects adherence. Sixth, satisfaction directly affects adherence. CONCLUSION To improve skiing adherence, Beijing ski resort operators should understand the motivation for skiing, formulate supporting policies and services, and enhance the goal orientation and satisfaction of skiers. This study provides some practical implications for ski resort operators that may increase the profit of ski resorts contribute to the sustainable development of Beijing skiing.

The Relationship of Basketball Participation Motivation, Involvement, Satisfaction, and Adherence among Middle School Students in China

Peng Qiu,Jianmin Shi,Wang Zuo,Yan Xing 아시아스포츠융합과학회 2023 Asia Pacific Journal of Applied Sport Sciences Vol.4 No.2

PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the relationship among participation motivation (PM), involvement (IN), satisfaction (SA), and adherence (AD) in middle school basketball participants in China. METHOD Participants were recruited from 10 middle schools in Changchun, Tonghua, Baicheng, Yanbian, and Siping in Jilin Province, China. A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed, and around 793 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and AMOS 23. RESULT This study determined the PM, IN, SA, and AD of middle school basketball participants through quantitative analysis. Through the establishment and verification of the structural equation model, the following findings were revealed: first, PM directly affects IN. Second, PM directly affects the development of AD. Third, PM directly affects SA. Fourth, IN does not affect SA. IN directly affects the development of AD. Sixth, SA directly affects the development of AD. CONCLUSION To improve the AD of middle school students to participate in basketball, physical education managers and teachers in Jilin Province should first master students' PM and adopt strategies to strengthen it. They must understand students' needs for basketball participation through their IN while improving their SA. This study provides a theoretical reference for Chinese middle school basketball-related researchers. It may provide corresponding methods and strategies for increasing middle school students' basketball AD, thereby further aiding the steady development of the sport in Chinese middle schools.

Microbial Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene and 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene in Dodecane and Straight-Run Diesel Oil

Mingfang, Luo,Jianmin, Xing,Zhongxuan, Gou,Huizhou, Liu,Jiayong, Chen 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.20 No.4

The desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) and their mixture by lyophilized cells of Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8 was studied in the presence of dodecane. The desulfurization rate for 4,6-DMDBT was found to be about 40% in comparison with that for DBT. The desulfurization process for DBT and 4,6-DMDBT proceeded simultaneously without preference for either one. The desulfurization rate for each compound was decreased when they were mixed together. The extent of desulfurization of 4,6-DMDBT was increased with the increase of cell concentration and the decrease of the volume ratio of oil-to-water used. The specific desulfurization rate for 4,6-DMDBT could be reached to 10.4 mmol sulfur kg^(-1) (cell) h^(-1) [approximately 0.33 mg sulfur g^(-1) (cell) h^(-1)]. Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8 showed high desulfurization capability for straight-run diesel oil (containing 1,807 mg/L of sulfur). About 1,000 mg/L of sulfur in diesel oil was removed by resting cells of this strai in 24 h of reaction. The specific desulfurization rate was 8.75 mmol sulfur kg^(-1) (cell) h^(-1).

Improvement of Pyruvate Production Based on Regulation of Intracellular Redox State in Engineered Escherichia coli

Maohua Yang,Jianmin Xing 한국생물공학회 2017 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.22 No.4

The commercial demand for pyruvate has been expanding. However, some challenges need to be overcome in the microbial production of pyruvate, such as low glucose consumption caused by excessive accumulation of NADH. In this study, weakening or block of the TCA cycle, overexpression of foreign NADH oxidase, and carbon sources with different oxidation state was attempted to decrease NADH accumulation in engineered strain YP211. Results showed that blocking or weakening TCA cycle could not lower the intracellular redox state in strain YP211.Overexpressing NADH oxidase from Lactococcus lactis significantly decreased the intracellular NADH content and increased the consumption rate of glucose. However, the yield of pyruvate did not increase significantly. Compared with glucose as carbon source, sodium gluconate with a higher oxidation state resulted in a significant decrease of NADH/NAD+, and the concentration and yield of pyruvate increased by 62 and 6%, respectively. In the fed-batch fermentation, the yield of pyruvate increased to 0.78 g/g gluconate, and the concentration of pyruvate reached 78.8 g/L. It was suggested that sodium gluconate was a more ideal carbon source for strain YP211, which could effectively decrease NADH content and improve the pyruvate production.

Medium optimization of Rhodococcus erythropolis LSSE8-1 by Taguchi methodology for petroleum biodesulfurization

Huizhou Liu,Jianmin Xing,Yuguang Li,Wangliang Li,Xiaochao Xiong,Xin Li 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.24 No.5

Enhanced Sulfate Reduction by Citrobacter sp. Coated with Fe3O4/SiO2 Magnetic Nanoparticles

Wei Zhou,Maohua Yang,Ziyu Song,Jianmin Xing 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.1

A sulfate-reducing Citrobacter strain was isolatedand coated with Fe3O4/SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs) to enhance sulfate reduction. Biolog analysisshowed that it utilizes a broad range of electron donors. The findings also showed that this bacteria strain is afacultative anaerobe and can completely reduce 12 mM ofsulfate to sulfide in 7 days under anaerobic conditions. Moreover, sulfate reduction was enhanced by 79% underoptimized conditions. Different SiO2 wrap-ratios of theMNPs attached to the cell surface were studied to optimizethe sulfate reduction: the surface of cells coated with 300%silica wrap-ratio MNPs showed the highest stability andincreased desulfurization batch time, with a 450% increasein sulfate reduction in comparison with uncoated cellscultivated in anaerobic conditions.

Ribosome-binding Sequences (RBS) Engineering of Key Genes in Escherichia coli for High Production of Fatty Alcohols

Ruonan Chen,Yilan Liu,Wei Zhong,Hao Xuemi,Tingzhen Mu,Maohua Yang,Jianmin Xing 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.4

Fatty alcohols are widely used in the fields of food, pharmaceutical and renewable energy and so on, thus biosynthesis of fatty alcohols has attracted wide attention in recent years. However, the concentration of fatty alcohols is still at a low level. In this paper, we constructed an Escherichia coli strain with high yield of fatty alcohols through the combinatorial regulation of three key genes of fabH, fabZ, and far. Firstly, we designed new ribosomebinding sequences (RBS) of fabH and fabZ with 10-fold strengths compared to the original ones by RBS calculator, separately. Secondly, we engineered the starting strain MGL1 by replacing the original RBS with designed ones, which resulted in MGLHS (fabH-RBS1), MGLZS (fabZRBS2), and MGLHZS (fabH-RBS1/fabZ-RBS2), respectively. Thirdly, the plasmid pL1 harboring far gene was transferred into above strains to test fatty alcohols production under the induction of different isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside concentrations. The results showed that the concentration of fatty alcohols in strains MGLHS-far, MGLZS-far and MGLHZS-far reached 2.75 g/L, 2.54 g/L and 3.82 g/L, respectively, which increased 35%, 25% and 88% than that of the starting strain MGL1-far. The fatty alcohols reached 9.35 g/L in fed batch fermentation with MGLHZS-far, of which the main components were two saturated fatty alcohols (C14:0 and C16:0) and two unsaturated fatty alcohols (C16:1 and C18:1). The results demonstrated that combinatorial regulation of three key genes of fabH, fabZ, and far in E. coli can achieve high-yield production of fatty alcohols.

Kinetic Evaluation of Products Inhibition to Succinic Acid Producers Escherichia coli NZN111, AFP111, BL21, and Actinobacillus succinogenes 130ZT

Qiang Li,Dan Wang,Yong Wu,Maohua Yang,Wangliang Li,Jianmin Xing,Zhiguo Su 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.3

Succinic acid is one of the platform compounds and its production via natural feedstocks has drawn worldwide concerns. To evaluate the inhibitory effects of fermentation products on the growth of Actinobacillus succinogenes 130ZT and Escherichia coli NZN111, AFP111, BL21, fermentations with addition of individual products in medium were carried out. The cell growth was inhibited when the concentrations of formate, acetate, lactate, and succinate were at range of 8.8-17.6 g/L, 10-40 g/L, 9-18 g/L, and 10-80 g/L, respectively. For these two species of bacteria, E. coli was more resistant to acid products than A. succinogenes, while both endured succinate rather than by-products. As a result of end product inhibition, succinate production yield by A. succinogenes decreased from 1.11 to 0.49 g/g glucose. Logistic and Monod mathematical models were presented to simulate the inhibition kinetics. The Logistic model was found more suitable for describing the overall synergistic inhibitory effects.

Rate-based model for predicting and evaluating H2S absorption in the haloalkaliphilic biological desulfurization process

Zheng Chen,Gama Yang,Tingzhen Mu,Maohua Yang,Nadia A. Samak,Sumit Peh,Yunpu Jia,Xuemi Hao,Xuhao Zhao,Jianmin Xing 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.110 No.-

The highly efficient performance of H2S absorption is the crucial indicator for haloalkaliphilic biologicaldesulfurization (HBDS) because it immediately concerns the H2S removal efficiency and pH change ofalkaline solutions. Therefore, we investigated the effect of operating parameters on the H2S absorption’sperformance under haloalkaline conditions. The gas–liquid ratio and packing height significantly improveH2S removal efficiency, from 80% to 90% and 66% to 99%, respectively. The absorption temperature had atrivial impact on the H2S removal efficiency, and the maximum value appeared at 45 C. Additionally, alloperating parameters caused pH changes that varied in the acceptable range (0.1 to 0.5) during theabsorption process. A rate-based model was successfully developed to predict the haloalkaliphilic H2Sabsorption process accurately. Moreover, this model could be implemented to effectively evaluate theHBDS system’s stability and provide reliable theoretical guidance for the industrial HBDS process toensure good process stability.