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INITIAL SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEM
Shin, Jihye,Kim, Sungsoo S.,Yoon, Suk-Jin,Kim, Juhan IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.762 No.2
<P>Despite the importance of their size evolution in understanding the dynamical evolution of globular clusters (GCs) of the Milky Way, studies that focus specifically on this issue are rare. Based on the advanced, realistic Fokker-Planck (FP) approach, we theoretically predict the initial size distribution (SD) of the Galactic GCs along with their initial mass function and radial distribution. Over one thousand FP calculations in a wide parameter space have pinpointed the best-fit initial conditions for the SD, mass function, and radial distribution. Our best-fit model shows that the initial SD of the Galactic GCs is of larger dispersion than today's SD, and that the typical projected half-light radius of the initial GCs is similar to 4.6 pc, which is 1.8 times larger than that of the present-day GCs (similar to 2.5 pc). Their large size signifies greater susceptibility to the Galactic tides: the total mass of destroyed GCs reaches 3-5 x 10(8) M-circle dot, several times larger than previous estimates. Our result challenges a recent view that the Milky Way GCs were born compact on the sub-pc scale, and rather implies that (1) the initial GCs were generally larger than the typical size of the present-day GCs, (2) the initially large GCs mostly shrank and/or disrupted as a result of the galactic tides, and (3) the initially small GCs expanded by two-body relaxation, and later shrank by the galactic tides.</P>
Shin, Jihye,Kwon, Yumi,Lee, Seonjeong,Na, Seungjin,Hong, Eun Young,Ju, Shinyeong,Jung, Hyun-Gyo,Kaushal, Prashant,Shin, Sungho,Back, Ji Hyun,Choi, Seon Young,Kim, Eun Hee,Lee, Su Jin,Park, Yae Eun,Ahn American Chemical Society 2019 Journal of Proteome Research Vol.18 No.10
<P>We propose to use cRFP (common Repository of FBS Proteins) in the MS (mass spectrometry) raw data search of cell secretomes. cRFP is a small supplementary sequence list of highly abundant fetal bovine serum proteins added to the reference database in use. The aim behind using cRFP is to prevent the contaminant FBS proteins from being misidentified as other proteins in the reference database, just as we would use cRAP (common Repository of Adventitious Proteins) to prevent contaminant proteins present either by accident or through unavoidable contacts from being misidentified as other proteins. We expect it to be widely used in experiments where the proteins are obtained from serum-free media after thorough washing of the cells, or from a complex media such as SILAC, or from extracellular vesicles directly.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
PKCβ Positively Regulates RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Inactivating GSK-3β
Shin, Jihye,Jang, Hyunduk,Lin, Jingjing,Lee, Soo Young Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.10
Protein kinase C (PKC) family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. However, the role of PKC in receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL) signaling has remained elusive. We now demonstrate that $PKC{\beta}$ acts as a positive regulator which inactivates glycogen synthase kinase-$3{\beta}$ (GSK-$3{\beta}$) and promotes NFATc1 induction during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Among PKCs, $PKC{\beta}$ expression is increased by RANKL. Pharmacological inhibition of $PKC{\beta}$ decreased the formation of osteoclasts which was caused by the inhibition of NFATc1 induction. Importantly, the phosphorylation of GSK-$3{\beta}$ was decreased by $PKC{\beta}$ inhibition. Likewise, down-regulation of $PKC{\beta}$ by RNA interference suppressed osteoclast differentiation, NFATc1 induction, and GSK-$3{\beta}$ phosphorylation. The administration of PKC inhibitor to the RANKL-injected mouse calvaria efficiently protected RANKL-induced bone destruction. Thus, the $PKC{\beta}$ pathway, leading to GSK-$3{\beta}$ inactivation and NFATc1 induction, has a key role in the differentiation of osteoclasts. Our results also provide a further rationale for $PKC{\beta}$'s therapeutic targeting to treat inflammation-related bone diseases.
Shin Jihye,Park Ji Young,Chae Jungmi,Kim Hyung-Sook,Moon Song Mi,Heo Eunjeong,Park Se Yoon,Seo Dong Min,Chun Ha-Jin,Kim Yong Chan,Lee Myung Jin,Huh Kyungmin,Park Hyo Jung,Yun I Ji,Jeong Su Jin,Choi Ju 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.29
This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the baseline characteristics and patterns of antibiotic usage among hospitals based on their participation in the Korea National Antimicrobial Use Analysis System (KONAS). We obtained claims data from the National Health Insurance for inpatients admitted to all secondary- and tertiary-care hospitals between January 2020 and December 2021 in Korea. 15.9% (58/395) of hospitals were KONAS participants, among which the proportion of hospitals with > 900 beds (31.0% vs. 2.6%, P < 0.001) and tertiary care (50.0% vs. 5.2%, P < 0.001) was higher than that among non-participants. The consumption of antibiotics targeting antimicrobial-resistant gram positive bacteria (33.7 vs. 27.1 days of therapy [DOT]/1,000 patient-days, P = 0.019) and antibiotics predominantly used for resistant gram-negative bacteria (4.8 vs. 3.7 DOT/1,000 patient-days, P = 0.034) was higher in KONAS-participating versus -non-participating hospitals. The current KONAS data do not fully represent all secondary- and tertiary-care hospitals in Korea; thus, the KONAS results should be interpreted with caution.
Shin, Jihye,Kim, Gamin,Lee, Jong Won,Lee, Ji Eun,Kim, Yoo Seok,Yu, Jong‐,Han,Lee, Seung‐,Taek,Ahn, Sei Hyun,Kim, Hoguen,Lee, Cheolju John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016 CANCER SCIENCE Vol.107 No.6
<P>Cancer cell secretomes are considered a potential source for the discovery of cancer markers. In this study, the secretomes of four breast cancer (BC) cell lines (Hs578T, MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, and SK‐BR‐3) were profiled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 1410 proteins were identified with less than 1% false discovery rate, of which approximately 55% (796 proteins) were predicted to be secreted from cells. To find BC‐specific proteins among the secreted proteins, data of immunohistochemical staining compiled in the Human Protein Atlas were investigated by comparing the data of BC tissues with those of normal tissues. By applying various criteria, including higher expression level in BC tissues, higher predicted potential of secretion, and sufficient number of tandem mass spectra, 12 biomarker candidate proteins including ganglioside GM2 activator (GM2A) were selected for confirmation. Western blot analysis and ELISA for plasma samples of healthy controls and BC patients revealed elevation of GM2A in BC patients, especially those who were estrogen receptor‐negative. Additionally, siRNA‐mediated knockdown of GM2A in BC cells decreased migration <I>in vitro</I>, whereas the overexpression of GM2A led to an increase in cell migration. Although GM2A as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in BC should be carefully verified further, this study has established the potential role of GM2A in BC progression.</P>