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The Neural Correlates of the Retrieval of Previously Acquired Information During Top-down Control
JeeWook Choi,BumSeok Jeong,ChangHwa Lee,JiWoong Kim,SunWoo Lee,DaeKyung Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2006 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.3 No.1
Objective: To explore the neural correlates of the retrieval of previously acquired information during topdown control. Methods: T2*-weighted echoplanar imaging sequences (24 axial slices, flip angle/TR/TE=90/2500ms/TE=50ms) obtained with a GE 1.5 T scanner were used to collect 120 blood oxygen level-dependent images from ten healthy volunteers performing the modified Stroop task. The imaging data were investigated to determine, firstly, the network used to solve the Stroop interference test with previously acquired information and, secondly, the neural correlates of the retrieval of the previously acquired information. Activation maps were acquired by means of the random effect model using SPM2. Results: More extensive regions, including the right middle frontal gyrus, right precuneus, left cerebellum, right supplement motor area, left insula, and left middle temporal and occipital gyri, were needed to solve the Stroop task with previously acquired information than to solve the Stroop-only task. The left precuneus and right superior temporal gyrus (STG) were among those regions which remained activated in the Stroop condition with previously acquired information after using the Stroop mask. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the left precuneus and right STG are neuronal correlates of the retrieval of previously acquired information during top-down control. Further studies using connectivity analysis are needed to clarify the top-down control mechanism using previously acquired information.
JeeWook Kim,MinSoo Byun,BoKyung Sohn,Dahyun Yi,EunHyun Seo,YoungMin Choe,ShinGyeom Kim,HyoJung Choi,JunHo Lee,IkSeung Chee,JongInn Woo,DongYoung Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.4
Objective-This study aimed to examine the usefulness of each subscale score of the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) for predicting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia progression in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) elderly subjects. Methods-Fifty-nine elderly MCI individuals were recruited from a university dementia and memory disorder clinic. Standardized clinical and neuropsychological tests were performed both at baseline and at the time of 2 years follow-up. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the ability of various clinical measures or their combinations to predict progression to AD dementia in MCI individuals. Results-MCIp individuals showed significantly higher CDR Orientation subscale and CDR sum-of-boxes (SOB) score than MCInp ones, while there were no significant differences in other CDR subscale scores between the two. MCIp individuals also showed marginally higher MMSE scores than MCInp ones. A series of logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the model including CDR Orientation subscale had better AD dementia prediction accuracy than either the model with either MMSE or CDR-SOB. Conclusion-Our findings suggest that CDR Orientation subscale score, a simple and easily available clinical measure, could provide very useful information to predict AD dementia progression in amnestic MCI individuals in real clinical settings.
Frontal Dysfunction Underlies Depression in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A FDG-PET Study
HyeSook Lee,IlHan Choo,DongYoung Lee,JeeWook Kim,EunHyun Seo,ShinGyeom Kim,ShinYoung Park,JiHye Shin,KiWoong Kim,JongInn Woo 대한신경정신의학회 2010 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.7 No.3
Objective-Depression is a very common symptom in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and in those with clinically evident AD. Moreover, MCI individuals with depression show a higher conversion rate to clinical AD than those without depression. This study aimed to elucidate the functional neuroanatomical substrate of depression in MCI. Methods-Thirty-six patients were recruited from a University Hospital-based cohort; 18 of these subjects had MCI with depression (MCI_D); the remaining 18 subjects were age- and gender-matched, and had MCI with no depression (MCI_ND). For comparison, 16 cognitively normal (CN) elderly individuals were also included. All subjects underwent Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) scanning and regional cerebral glucose metabolism was compared among the three groups by a voxel-based method. The relationship between severity of depression, as measured by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) scores, and glucose metabolism was also investigated. Results-MCI_D showed lower glucose metabolism in the right superior frontal gyrus than MCI_ND. There was a significant negative correlation between HRSD score and glucose metabolism at the same frontal region for overall MCI subjects. When compared with CN, both MCI_D and MCI_ND showed decreased glucose metabolism in the precuneus, while MCI_D had, in addition, reduced metabolism in other diffuse brain regions. Conclusion-Given previous observations on depression in AD, our results suggest that functional disruption of the frontal region, known to be associated with primary or other secondary depression, underlies depression in preclinical AD as well as clinically evident AD.
Altered Function of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Adolescents with Peer Verbal Abuse History
SangWon Lee,Jeewook Choi,JongSun Lee,JaeHyun Yoo,KoWoon Kim,Dongchan Kim,HyunWook Park,Bumseok Jeong 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.4
Objective-Previous studies showing the association of exposure to peer (PeVA) and parental verbal abuse in childhood with structural alterations in the young adult brain suggest functional changes in adolescence. In this functional MRI study, we investigated the effects of exposure to PeVA, during elementary and middle school periods, on brain response to emotional words, in high school students. Methods-An emotional Stroop task consisting of swear, negative, positive, and neutral words was performed during functional MRI scan for 23 subjects who were divided into low- and high exposure groups to PeVA. Results-High-PeVA group had a higher depression score, greater left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activity, and higher left VLPFC-left hippocampus connectivity in swear word conditions. The VLPFC activity and left VLPFC-left hippocampus connectivity was negatively related to the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Conclusion-These preliminary findings support the hypothesis that exposure to PeVA, during childhood, is an aversive stimulus associated with meaningful functional change in emotional regulation network, showing hypersensitivity to swear words, at middle adolescence.
정신분열병의 비이환 형제 자매 집단에서 얼굴 정보처리 관련 뇌회로의 이상 : 기능적 뇌자기공명영상 예비 연구
최경숙,정범석,김지웅,최지욱 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.2
Objectives A neural circuit including amygdala, the hippocampal complex and prefrontal cortex was associated with deficits in facial processing in schizophrenia. These deficits have a significant impact on social functioning in schizophrenia. Both neuropsychological deficits and brain structural abnormalities in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients suggest that they may also have the deficit in facial information processing as genetic factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the dysfunction of facial information processing in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients using functional magnetic neuroimaging (fMRI). Methods Ten non-affected siblings of schizophrenic patients and 10 normal comparison subjects having no schizophrenic siblings underwent fMRI during the dynamic facial change procedure consisting of presentations of facial emotion and gender discrimination stimuli. The emotion discrimination condition consisted of the presentation of 12 happy faces and 12 disgust/fear faces. The gender discrimnation condition consisted of the presentation of 12 male faces and 12 female faces. Condition-specific brain activations were compared between non-affected siblings and normal comparison subjects Results The facial information processing related brain regions including fusiform gyrus, several areas of frontal, temporal, occipital, and cerebellar regions exhibited more activation during gender discrimination than emotion discrimination tasks in each group. During gender discrimination task, siblings of schizophrenic patients showed less activation in right fusiform gyrus, both middle and superior frontal gyrus, left cuneus, and left inferior frontal gyrus, compared with normal comparison subjects. Conclusion Dysfunctional facial information processing, such as a deficit in gender discrimination, might be an endophenotype of schizophrenia.
The effect of word imagery on priming effect under a preconscious condition: An fMRI study
Lee, Jong-Sun,Choi, Jeewook,Yoo, Jae Hyun,Kim, Minjung,Lee, Seungbok,Kim, Ji-Woong,Jeong, Bumseok WILEY-LISS, INC 2014 HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING Vol.35 No.9
<P>Semantic priming is affected by the degree of association and how readily a word is imagined. In the association effect, activity in the perisylvian structures including the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, the left middle temporal gyrus, and the supramarginal gyrus was correlated. However, little is known about the brain regions related to the effect of imagery word under the preconscious condition. Forty word pairs for high (HA)-, low (LA)-, and nonassociation (NA), nonword (NW) conditions were presented. Each 40 association word pairs (HA and LA) included 20 high (HI) and 20 low (LI) imagery prime stimuli, using a visually presented lexical decision task. A trial consisted of 30 ms prime, 30 ms mask, 500 ms probe, and 2–8 s stimulus onset asynchrony. Brain activation was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during word discrimination. Behavioral data indicated that the shortest response time (RT) was given for HA words, followed by LA and NA, and NW showed the longest RT (<I>P</I> < 0.01). RT was faster in HI than LI within HA, but not LA conditions (<I>P</I> < 0.01). Functional neuroimaging showed that differential brain regions for high imagery (HI) and low imagery (LI) words within low prime-target word association were observed in the left precuneus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, and right cuneal cortex. The present findings demonstrate that the effect of the degree of imagery on semantic priming occurs during the early stage of language processing, indicating an “automatic imagery priming effect.” Our paradigm may be useful to explore semantic deficit related to imagery in various psychiatric disorders.</P>
양재원(Jaewon Yang),김지훈(Ji-Hoon Kim),김재원(Jae-Won Kim),최지욱(Jeewook Choi),홍현주(Hyun Ju Hong),정유숙(Yoo-Sook Joung) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2012 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.23 No.S
This review examined the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. It briefly addresses the issues about the cause of hospital visit, diagnosis, and impact of disease, specific to adults. The article focused on the evidence regarding the efficacy and tolerability of short- and long-acting stimulant medications, as well as the non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine and bupropion in the treatment of the adult ADHD. Generally speaking, variability in diagnostic criteria, dosing parameters and response rates between the various studies were considerable. The aggregated literature shows that both the stimulants and non-stimulants had clinically significant beneficial effect on treating ADHD in adults. Special attention is given to the pharmacological treatment for patients with adult ADHD and various comorbidities. In summary, medications are effective and combined medication and psychosocial treatment is the most beneficial treatment option for most adult patients with ADHD.