Machine-learning-based Mechanical Properties Prediction in Foundry Production

Igor Santos,Javier Nieves,Yoseba K. Penya,Pablo G. Bringas 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

Ultimate tensile strength(UTS) is the force a material can resist untilit breaks. The only way to examine this mechanical property is the employment of destructive in spections with the subsequent cost increment. Modelling the foundry processas an expert knowledge cloud allows properly-trained machine-learning algorithms to foresee the value of UTS. Extending previous research that presented out standing results with a Bay esian-network-based approach, we have adapted an ANN and K-nearest-neighbour algorithm for the same objective. We compare the obtained results and show that artificial neural networks are more suitable than the rest of counter parts for the prediction of UTS.

Comparison of the Antimicrobial Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyx Extracts, Six Commercial Types of Mouthwashes, and Chlorhexidine on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria, and the Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extracts and Chlorhexidine on Permeability of the Ba

Elena Saraí Baena-Santillán,Javier Piloni-Martini,Eva María Santos-López,Carlos Alberto Gómez-Aldapa,Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas,Javier Castro-Rosas 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.1

To determine and compare the antimicrobial effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts, six types of commercial mouthwashes, and chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Two varieties of H. sabdariffa cultivated in Mexico were used. Aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, acetonic, and ethyl acetate extracts were obtained from H. sabdariffa calyces. Six different types of mouthwash (Astringosol®, Colgate plax-ice-infinity®, Crest pro-health®, Dental max®, Equate®, and Listerine zero®) and chlorhexidine (0.12%) were purchased at a pharmacy. The antimicrobial activity of the H. sabdariffa calyx extracts, mouthwashes, and chlorhexidine was determined by the agar disc diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of all solutions were determined by the broth dilution method and the pour plate technique, respectively. Also, the effect of H. sabdariffa extracts and chlorhexidine on permeability of the bacterial membrane was determined by the violet crystal assay. All H. sabdariffa calyx extracts and chlorhexidine showed antibacterial activity against all oral pathogenic bacteria. The mouthwashes showed lower antibacterial effect than H. sabdariffa extracts and chlorhexidine. Dental max showed no antibacterial effect. The MICs and MBCs, respectively, for H. sabdariffa extracts were between 5–20 and 10–20 mg/mL; and for chlorhexidine, between 3–4 and 3–5 mg/mL. For the Listerine®, the MIC and MBC values were between 20–25 and 25–33 mg/mL, respectively. The results of the crystal violet test indicate that H. sabdariffa calyx extracts and chlorhexidine alter the permeability of the bacterial membrane. All H. sabdariffa extracts and chlorhexidine showed significantly greater antimicrobial effect than mouthwashes. This is the first report in which the antimicrobial effect of the H. sabdariffa calyx extracts, mouthwashes, and chlorhexidine is compared.

Review : Cellular and Molecular Basis of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome

( Cristina Martinez ),( Ana Gonzalez Castro ),( Maria Vicario ),( Javier Santos ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.3

The etiopathogenesis of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, is not well known. The most accepted hypothesis is that IBS is the result of the disturbance of the ``brain-gut axis.`` Although the pathophysiological mechanisms of intestinal dysfunction are complex and not completely understood, stress, infections, gut flora, and altered immune response are thought to play a role in IBS development. The intestinal barrier, composed of a single-cell layer, forms a physical barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the internal milieu. The loss of integrity of this barrier is related with mucosal immune activation and intestinal dysfunction in IBS. The number of mast cells and T lymphocytes is increased in the intestinal mucosa of certain IBS patients, and the mediators released by these cells could compromise the epithelial barrier function and alter nerve signaling within the enteric nervous system. The association of clinical symptoms to structural and functional abnormali-ties of the mucosal barrier in IBS patients highlights the importance of understanding the physiological role of the gut barrier in the pathogenesis of this disorder. This review sum-marizes the clinical and experimental evidences indicating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of IBS symptomatol-ogy, and its relevance for future translational research. (Gut Liver 2012;6:305-315)

Supramolecular Zinc Phthalocyanine-Imidazolyl Perylenediimide Dyad and Triad: Synthesis, Complexation, and Photophysical Studies

Cé,spedes-Guirao, F. Javier,Ohkubo, Kei,Fukuzumi, Shunichi,Ferná,ndez-Lá,zaro, Fernando,Sastre-Santos, Á,ngela Wiley (John WileySons) 2011 Chemistry, an Asian journal Vol.6 No.11

<P>Two new supramolecular architectures based on zinc phthalocyanine (Pc) and imidazolyl-substituted perylenediimide (PDI), ZnPc/DImPDI/ZnPc 1 and ZnPc/ImPDI 2, have been prepared. A strong electron-donor, ZnPc-8, which contained eight tert-octylphenoxy groups was synthesized to ensure high solubility, thereby reducing aggregation in solution and providing ??-donor features while avoiding regioisomeric mixtures. Also, PDI units were functionalized with tert-octylphenoxy groups at the bay positions, which provide solubility to avoid aggregation in solution, together with one and two imidazole moieties in the amide position, PDI-6 and PDI-4, respectively, to be able to strongly coordinate with the ZnPc complex. Supramolecular complexation studies by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS demonstrate a high coordinative binding constant between imidazole-substituted PDI-4 or PDI-6 and ZnPc-8. The same results were confirmed by UV/Vis and fluorescence titration studies. UV/Vis titration studies revealed the formation of a 1:1 complex ZnPc/ImPDI 2 for the systems ZnPc-8 and PDI-6 and a 2:1 complex ZnPc/DImPDI/ZnPc 1 for the interaction of ZnPc-8 and PDI-4. The binding constant in both cases was determined to be on the order of 10(5) M(-1). Femtosecond laser flash photolysis measurements provided a direct proof of the charge-separated state within both supramolecular assemblies by observing the transient absorption band at 820 nm due to the zinc phthalocyanine radical cation. The lifetimes of charge-separated states are (9.8±3) ns for triad 1 and (3±1) ns for dyad 2. As far as we know, this is the first time that a radical ion pair has been detected in a supramolecular assembled ZnPc-PDI system and has obtained the longest lifetime of a charge-separated state published for ZnPc-PDI assemblies.</P>

Rational design of a phthalocyanine–perylenediimide dyad with a long-lived charge-separated state

Blas-Ferrando, Vicente M.,Ortiz, Javier,Bouissane, Latifa,Ohkubo, Kei,Fukuzumi, Shunichi,Ferná,ndez-Lá,zaro, Fernando,Sastre-Santos, Á,ngela The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical communications Vol.48 No.50

<P>A new ZnPc–PDI dyad presenting for the first time a charge-separated state lower in energy than the triplet excited state of the ZnPc and PDI has been synthesized. The rational design implies the substitution of the ZnPc with phenoxy groups and the bay substitution of the PDI with sulfonyl substituents. The lifetime of the charge-separated state was 72 μs.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The longest charge-separated state so far, 72 μs, without the addition of external components, for phthalocyanine–perylenediimide arrays has been described. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cc31087b'> </P>

Gynecological Surgery and Its Five Steps Towards Resilience: Minimally Invasive Approach in the COVID-19 Era

Inés Gil Prados,Mónica Bellón del Amo,Rebeca Ruiz Román,Francisco Javier García Santos 대한내시경복강경외과학회 2020 Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery Vol.23 No.4

After the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, gynecological surgery joins the readjustment process that this great global health crisis implies. In the light of current literature, the five steps towards its resilience are described as below; (1) Dynamic prioritization of surgical indications and reintroduction of elective surgeries: Diverse surgical prioritization lists are published including the most common gynecological pathologies. (2) Minimally invasive surgery through laparoscopy and robotic assistance: Some authors suggest a theoretical but unproven risk of viral transmission during these approaches because of the aerosol generation. These theories are opposed to the well-proven advantages of these approaches compared to open surgery. (3) Optimization of surgical procedures, according to the recommendations of different societies aimed at reducing the dispersion of aerosols and surgical smoke. (4) Clinical, epidemiological and microbiological screening of all patients awaiting prompt surgery: This screening should be adapted to the local alert state. (5) Protection through the reduction of number of persons present in the operating room, and the use of adapted personal protective equipment according to physical proximity to the patient.

Special Review : Role of Corticotropin-releasing Factor in Gastrointestinal Permeability

( Bruno K Rodino Janeiro ),( Carmen Alonso Cotoner ),( Marc Pigrau ),( Beatriz Lobo ),( Maria Vicario ),( Javier Santos ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.1

The interface between the intestinal lumen and the mucosa is the location where the majority of ingested immunogenic particles face the scrutiny of the vast gastrointestinal immune system. Upon regular physiological conditions, the intestinal microflora and the epithelial barrier are well prepared to process daily a huge amount of food-derived antigens and non-immunogenic particles. Similarly, they are ready to prevent environmental toxins and microbial antigens to penetrate further and interact with the mucosal-associated immune system. These functions promote the development of proper immune responses and oral tolerance and prevent disease and inflammation. Brain-gut axis structures participate in the processing and execution of response signals to external and internal stimuli. The brain-gut axis integrates local and distant regulatory networks and supersystems that serve key housekeeping physiological functions including the balanced functioning of the intestinal barrier. Disturbance of the brain-gut axis may induce intestinal barrier dysfunction, increasing the risk of uncontrolled immunological reactions, which may indeed trigger transient mucosal inflammation and gut disease. There is a large body of evidence indicating that stress, through the brain-gut axis, may cause intestinal barrier dysfunction, mainly via the systemic and peripheral release of corticotropin-releasing factor. In this review, we describe the role of stress and corticotropin-releasing factor in the regulation of gastrointestinal permeability, and discuss the link to both health and pathological conditions.

The Stressed Gut: Region-specific Immune and Neuroplasticity Changes in Response to Chronic Psychosocial Stress

Beatriz Lobo,Mónica Tramullas,Beate-C Finger,Kevin W Lomasney,Caroll Beltran,Gerard Clarke,Javier Santos,Niall P Hyland,Timothy G Dinan,John F Cryan 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2023 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.29 No.1

Background/AimsChronic psychological stress affects gastrointestinal physiology which may underpin alterations in the immune response and epithelial transport, both functions are partly regulated by enteric nervous system. However, its effects on enteric neuroplasticity are still unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of chronic unpredictable psychological stress on intestinal motility and prominent markers of enteric function. MethodsAdult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 19 day of unpredictable stress protocol schedule of social defeat and overcrowding. We investigated the effects on plasma corticosterone, food intake, and body weight. In vivo gastrointestinal motility was assessed by fecal pellet output and by whole-gastrointestinal transit (using the carmine red method). Tissue monoamine level, neural and glial markers, neurotrophic factors, monoamine signaling, and Toll-like receptor expression in the proximal and distal colon, and terminal ileum were also assessed. ResultsFollowing chronic unpredictable psychological stress, stressed mice showed increased food intake and body weight gain (P < 0.001), and reduced corticosterone levels (P < 0.05) compared to control mice. Stressed mice had reduced stool output without differences in water content, and showed a delayed gastrointestinal transit compared to control mice (P < 0.05). Stressed mice exhibited decreased mRNA expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf), as well as Toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2) compared to control (P < 0.05), only proximal colon. These molecular changes in proximal colon were associated with higher levels of monoamines in tissue. ConclusionUnpredictable psychological chronic stress induces region-specific impairment in monoamine levels and neuroplasticity markers that may relate to delayed intestinal transit.