지방정부의 목표관리와 예산관리의 연계를 위한 모형 연구 - 부산광역시를 중심으로 -

박영강 ( Park Young-kwang ),강성권 ( Kang Sung-kwon ),강재호 ( Kang Jae-ho ),이강웅 ( Lee Gang-woong ),이종필 ( Lee Jong-pil ) 부산연구원 2004 연구보고서 공동연구 Vol.2004 No.0

There are two recent trends in improving performance of local government: The one is result-oriented budget system developed in European countries; the other is Management By Objectives (MBO) carried out in the United States. Japanese local governments, in which changes in budget system occur relatively slow, attempt to introduce performance-oriented administrative evaluation system while in Korea, Seoul local government makes a move to improve MBO by including performance-based budget system. Busan Metropolitan City has drawn up partially performance-based budgets(PB) in four areas (Financial Management Division, Environment Bureau, Busan Cultural Center and the Special Accounts for Transportation Project) since 2003, but budget system in general remains the same because, the performance proposals in budgets were merely linked with general directors and managers' objectives under MBO. The purpose of this study is to examine expected problems in introducing objective- budget connection system and to find alternatives and implications by analyzing the cases of three cities: Seoul of Korea, Suginami-Gu of Tokyo, Japan, City of Phoenix, U.S.A. Results showed that Suginami-Gu's administrative evaluation system was less effective than that of Phoenix mixing with PB and MBO. That of Seoul having a similar model to Phoenix budget system was turned out to be less effective. This means experience and technique of evaluation are more important in the efficiency of evaluation model rather than structural factors of evaluation model itself. Based on these results, we proposed basic directions of an objective-budget connection system to improve the efficiency of the system and institutional and technical alternatives as follows: First of all, when Korean local governments look for a new objective-budget connection system, Seoul's performance-management model will be a major alternative. Suginami-Gu's administrative evaluation system can be easily applicable, but it is not yet linked with personal compensation and promotion so that it may be passive in developing an evaluation index and its techniques. There for the operational experience and model of Phoenix having a similar model to Seoul's would be helpful. When we introduce a performance-management system of Seoul, we may have to consider the following institutional and technical alternatives in order to increase its efficiency: ① It is required to renovate the structure of Seoul's performance-based budgetary system. The case of Phoenix would be an alternative. ② To develop a performance index corresponding to the characteristics of Busan, it is needed to keep close bondage between evaluation-in-charge department and project departments, and to obtain external institutions' support and NGO's involvement. In this process, an organization's mission should be identified. In the setting up managers' personal goals require a concrete and diverse index like Phoenix's. ③ For performance evaluation as a core function of object-budget connection system, it is required to reinforce evaluation-in-charge department, to establish an adequate evaluation procedure and to carry out systematic training for supervisors' evaluation skill improvement and active participation of staff members. ④ To promote the efficiency of connection model, the inducement measure should be strengthened and its application should be expanded gradually. In Busan's case, bonus is offered as a means of the inducement. As the inducement effect of bonus is not high, the standard for bonus distribution should be varied to enhance the inducement effect. Structural renovation of budget system in the proposed alternatives requires central government's changes in the guide on the compilation of budget, but it can be done on the local government level. Reorganization of the evaluation agency and financial inducement structure can be achieved through local government's individual revision of ordinances and regulations. Thus, institutional restriction is unlikely to occur in the process of introducing a new objective-budget system. Those alternatives are considered as basic contents when Busan Metropolitan City introduces a new system mixing MBO with PB. But supplementary case studies on each country's budgetary structure and related financial system will be desirable. To realize these alternatives, it is required to overcome resistance from members of an organization and to secure political force to settle down the new system. It is desirable for a mayor of local government to have his/her confidence to pursue administrative reform and to obtain supports from community's council and opinions at the same time. This study is jointly conducted by Busan Development Institute and Dong-eui University in the form of Research-Academia consortium. Professor Kang, Jae-Ho of Busan National University participated in the project as a special researcher. We appreciate the advice and help of those who offered relevant materials from domestic and overseas. Especially, we would like to express our sincere thanks director Sakae Sueki and his staff members in the Department of Planning at Suginami-Gu of Tokyo, Professor Hiroshi Sato of Chuogakuin University in Japan, and Mr. Bob Wingenroth, City Auditor and his Deputy City Auditors, Ms. Diane L. Artrip, JoAnne M. Dukeshire in Phoenix, Arizona.

Volcanic geology of the Ulleungdo Quadrangle

Sang Koo Hwang(황상구),Jae Ha Hwang(황재하),Chang Woo Kwon(권창우) 한국암석학회 2013 한국암석학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.5

HER2 as a limited predictor of the therapeutic response to neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer

Kwon, Mi Jung,Soh, Jae Seung,Lim, Sang-Woo,Kang, Ho Suk,Lim, Hyun Elsevier 2019 Pathology, research and practice Vol.215 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is a candidate therapeutic and prognostic marker for rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The specific frequency and prognostic role of HER2 protein expression and <I>HER2</I> gene amplification in those rectal cancers has not been fully investigated. Pretreatment biopsied and surgically resected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 74 patients were retrospectively evaluated for HER2 protein expression and <I>HER2</I> gene copy number using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and silver <I>in situ</I> hybridization (SISH), respectively. The tumor response to chemoradiation was evaluated with TNM staging and tumor regression grading (TRG) systems. Good response to chemoradiation therapy (TRG3), poor response (22 TRG1 and 19 TRG2), and TNM downstaging achieved in 33 (44.6%), 41 (55.4%), and 42 (56.8%) patients, respectively. The frequency of HER2 positivity is 17.6%, all of which were low-level <I>HER2</I> gene amplification with 2.2 of median gene copy number ratio, detected in IHC0 (3/39), IHC1+ (2/18), IHC2+ (5/14) and IHC3+ (2/3). There was no association of HER2 positivity with clinicopathological parameters or survival. However, older age (≥61 years) and HER2 positivity were the independent predictive factors for non-down staging, while poorly differentiation and the papillary pattern were predictors for poor response. In multivariate analysis, good response proved as an only independent favorable prognostic factor affecting survivals. In conclusion, HER2 positivity may be predictive for a high-risk therapeutic resistance in rectal cancers. The discrepancy between IHC and gene amplification may result from the low-level amplification, which may explain lack of prognostic impact of HER2 positivity.</P>

Role of CXCR2 in the Ac‐PGP‐Induced Mobilization of Circulating Angiogenic Cells and its Therapeutic Implications

Kwon, Yang Woo,Lee, Seung Jun,Heo, Soon Chul,Lee, Tae Wook,Park, Gyu Tae,Yoon, Jung Won,Kim, Seung‐,Chul,Shin, Ho Jin,Lee, Sang Chul,Kim, Jae Ho unknown 2018 Stem cells translational medicine Vol.8 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) have been implicated in the repair of ischemic tissues, and their mobilization from bone marrow is known to be regulated by the activations of chemokine receptors, including CXCR2 and CXCR4. This study was conducted to investigate the role of N‐acetylated proline‐glycine‐proline (Ac‐PGP; a collagen‐derived chemotactic tripeptide) on CAC mobilization and its therapeutic potential for the treatment of peripheral artery diseases. Ac‐PGP was administered daily to a murine hind limb ischemia model, and the effects of Ac‐PGP on blood perfusion and CAC mobilization (Sca1<SUP>+</SUP>Flk1<SUP>+</SUP> cells) into peripheral blood were assessed. Intramuscular administration of Ac‐PGP significantly improved ischemic limb perfusion and increased limb salvage rate by increasing blood vessel formation, whereas Ac‐PGP‐induced blood perfusion and angiogenesis in ischemic limbs were not observed in CXCR2‐knockout mice. In addition, Ac‐PGP‐induced CAC mobilization was found to occur in wild‐type mice but not in CXCR2‐knockout mice. Transplantation of bone marrow from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice to wild‐type mice showed bone marrow‐derived cells homed to ischemic limbs after Ac‐PGP administration and that GFP‐positive cells contributed to the formation of ILB4‐positive capillaries and α smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA)‐positive arteries. These results suggest CXCR2 activation in bone marrow after Ac‐PGP administration improves blood perfusion and reduces tissue necrosis by inducing CAC mobilization. These findings suggest a new pharmaceutical basis for the treatment of critical limb ischemia. <SMALL>STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE</SMALL><I>2019;8:236&246</I></P>

Primary diffuse large B-cell type dural lymphoma: case report

( Jae Hyun Tae ),( Min Suk Kwon ),( Hee Jun Kim ),( Eunkyung Park ),( Tae Jin Lee ),( Sang Jae Lee ) 대한내과학회 2012 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2012 No.1

Complicated Cholecystitis Following Diaphragmatic Rupture

Jae Min Chun,Hyung Jun Kwon,Sang Geol Kim,Young Kook Yun,Yoon Jin Hwang 한국간담췌외과학회 2010 한국간담췌외과학회 학술대회지 Vol.2010 No.4

Polymeric Nano-half-shells Prepared by Simple Solvent Evaporation Method

Kwon, Sung-Hark,Joo, Jae-Ryang,Lee, Woo-Kyoung,Jeong, Yun-Seong,Choi, Joon-Sig Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.2

A Study on the Design Verification Process of a Control System for Construction Equipment

( Jae Hak Yoon ),( Sung Ki Kim ),( Yon Min Kwon ) 한국품질경영학회 2014 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.2

Recently, the electric control system has been widely used in the construction equipment. Therefore, the quality and the reliability of the control system have become important design elements at the design stage. Furthermore, the functional safety requirements of the electric control system are expected to be a compulsory regulation as an international standard. In this paper, a design process for the control system of construction equipment is presented. This process is possible not only to prepare the solution of the functional safety requirement but also to improve the quality and the reliability of the control system at the design stage. To establish the design process, several design steps are added to the design process that already exists. This verification steps are based on the ISO 15998 and ISO 26262. The overall process is possible to reduce the design terms and the dependence on experienced designers. The proposed process will be applied to newly developing control system to identify and modify its problems. And then it will be used as a basic reference to establish the design process of the electrical control system for the construction equipment.

Vaccine efficacy of a <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Beijing‐specific proline‐glutamic acid (PE) antigen against highly virulent outbreak isolates

Kwon, Kee Woong,Choi, Hong‐,Hee,Han, Seung Jung,Kim, Jong‐,Seok,Kim, Woo Sik,Kim, Hongmin,Kim, Lee‐,Han,Kang, Soon Myung,Park, Jaehun,Shin, Sung Jae Federation of American Society for Experimental Bi 2019 The FASEB Journal Vol.33 No.5

Overexpression of AtCAF1, CCR4-associated factor 1 homologue in Arabidopsis thaliana, negatively regulates wounding-mediated disease resistance

Kwon, Tack-Min,Yi, Young-Byung,Nam, Jae-Sung The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 식물생명공학회지 Vol.38 No.4

The CCR4-CAF1-NOT complex-mediated degradation of mRNA is a fundamental aspect of gene regulation in eukaryotes. We herein examined the role of AtCAF1 in the innate immune and wound responses of plants. Our results showed that overexpression of AtCAF1 significantly downregulated the transcript level of EFR but not FLS2 and BRI1, as well as abolished up-regulated expression pattern of EFR in response to wounding. Consistently, Agrobacteriummediated transient expression of GUS was highly enhanced in the transgenic plants overexpressing AtCAF. Furthermore, JA responsive genes were down-regulated by overexpression of AtCAF, causing the transgenic plants overexpressing AtCAF more susceptible to necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. These results suggest that The CCR4-CAF1-NOT complex-mediated degradation of mRNA negatively regulates wounding-mediated disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana.