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Will Mutations in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Lead to the Failure of COVID-19 Vaccines?
Jia Zaixing,Gong Wenping 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.18
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has spread worldwide since it was first identified in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. With the global transmission of the virus, a large number of SARS-CoV-2 variants have also appeared, especially, emerging strains that have recently been discovered in the United Kingdom (variant 20I/501Y.V1, lineage B.1.1.7), South Africa (variant 20H/501Y.V2, lineage B.1.351), and Brazil (variant 20 J/501Y.V3, and lineage P.1). The common feature of these variants is that they share the N501Y mutation involving the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, which is precisely the target of most COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, mutations such as N501Y, E484K, and K417N in the S protein may affect viral fitness and transmissibility. However, current research on the impact of these variants on COVID-19 vaccines is still lacking. Herein, we briefly explain why most COVID-19 vaccines target the S protein, update the progress of research regarding S protein-related COVID-19 vaccines, review the latest studies concerning the effects of S protein variants on COVID-19 vaccines, and finally, propose certain strategies to deal with SARS-CoV-2 variants.
The study of GIS Model Base System
Gong, Hui Li,Ma, Jia,Xiao, Jun Feng 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1
Theoretically GIS has great advantages in spatial analysis, but for the deficiency in spatial analysis and model function, there are great limits in GIS practical application. So in this case the development of Models and Model Base System has become the key to GIS applications. Model Base System can classify, sustain models and produce, save, query, run, analysis the applications of Models, which should be independent of detailed application fields. At first the article describes the conception, functions, research contents of Model Base System and Model Dictionary in detail and then compares them systematically. The design method and overall frame of Model Base System are subsequently presented. At last, take the water resources and environment decision support system for example, the article describes the detailed application of Model Base System.
Levy-type solution for analysis of a magneto-electro-elastic panel
Jia He,Xuejiao Zhang,Hong Gong,H. Elhosiny Ali,Elimam Ali 국제구조공학회 2023 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.46 No.6
This paper studies electro-magneto-mechanical bending studying of the cylindrical panels based on shear deformation theory. The cylindrical panel is constrained with two simply-supported edges at longitudinal direction and two clamped boundary conditions at circumferential direction. The governing equations are derived based on the principle of virtual work in cylindrical coordinate system. Levy-type solution of the governing equations is derived to reduce two dimensional PDEs to a 2D ODEs. The reduced ordinary differential equation is solved using the Eigen-value Eigen-vector method for the clamped-clamped boundary condition. The electro-magneto-mechanical bending results are obtained to show that every displacement, rotation and electromagnetic potentials how change with changes of initial electromagnetic potentials and mechanical loads along longitudinal and circumferential directions.
Gong Ting,Jia Bin,Gu Liyan,Yu Tao 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2022 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.18 No.1
Background A large number of clinical trials have proved that radiotherapy is an effective strategy for treating breast cancer (BC), but radioresistance is an urgent problem to be solved. Objective Herein, radio-tolerant BC cell lines named MDA-MB-231/R and MCF-7/R were successfully constructed, respectively, and it was shown that microRNA-125b-5p (miR-125b-5p) was lowly expressed in radio-tolerant cells, which was associated with poor prognosis of BC patients. Results Furthermore, miR-125b-5p over expression could hinder cell proliferation and strengthen radio-sensitivity. Mechanistically, Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) was identified as a downstream protein target of miR-125b-5p in BC cells, and Kruppellike factor 5 (KLF5) was identified as an upstream transcription factor involved in promoting miR-125b-5p expression. More importantly, over expression of KLF5 suppressed BC cell proliferation and increased its radiation sensitivity, which could be retained by miR-125b-5p downregulation. Conclusion In conclusion, these findings suggested that the KLF5/miR-125b-5p/BRCA1 axis may provide new information on radiation therapy for breast cancer.
Two collinear Mode-I cracks in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic materials
Zhen-Gong Zhou,Jia-Zhi Wang,Lin-Zhi Wu 국제구조공학회 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.29 No.1
In this paper, the behavior of two collinear Mode-I cracks in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic materials subjected to a uniform tension loading was investigated by the generalized Almansi’s theorem. Through the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with the help of two pairs of triple integral equations, in which the unknown variables were the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces. To solve the triple integral equations, the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces were directly expanded as a series of Jacobi polynomials to obtain the relations among the electric displacement intensity factors, the magnetic flux intensity factors and the stress intensity factors at the crack tips. The interaction of two collinear cracks was also discussed in the present paper.
Research on the Inter-harmonics Equivalent Impedance of Series Hybrid Active Power Filter
Jian-gong, Zhang,Jian-ben, Liu,Shao-jun, Dai,Qiao-fu, Chen,Jun-jia, He The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.5
In the series hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) with magnetic flux compensation (MFC), the system current oscillate in the experimental results when adding the same phase harmonic current command in current control block. This condition endangers the security of the SHAPF. Taking the digit period average arithmetic as example, this paper explains the inter-harmonics current oscillation in the experiment. The conclusion is that the SHAPF is unstable to the inter-harmonics current in theory. Limited by the capacity of the inverter, the system current and the inverter output current do not increase to infinite. At last, some methods are proposed to solve this problem. From the practical viewpoint, the voltage feed-forward control is easy to achieve. It can suppress the current oscillation problems, and also improve the filtering effect. The feasibility of the methods is validated by both the emulation and experiment results.
Two collinear Mode-I cracks in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic materials
Zhou, Zhen-Gong,Wang, Jia-Zhi,Wu, Lin-Zhi Techno-Press 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.29 No.1
In this paper, the behavior of two collinear Mode-I cracks in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic materials subjected to a uniform tension loading was investigated by the generalized Almansi's theorem. Through the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with the help of two pairs of triple integral equations, in which the unknown variables were the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces. To solve the triple integral equations, the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces were directly expanded as a series of Jacobi polynomials to obtain the relations among the electric displacement intensity factors, the magnetic flux intensity factors and the stress intensity factors at the crack tips. The interaction of two collinear cracks was also discussed in the present paper.
Research on the Inter-harmonics Equivalent Impedance of Series Hybrid Active Power Filter
Zhang Jian-gong,Liu Jian-ben,Dai Shao-jun,Chen Qiao-fu,He Jun-jia 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.5
In the series hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) with magnetic flux compensation (MFC), the system current oscillate in the experimental results when adding the same phase harmonic current command in current control block. This condition endangers the security of the SHAPF. Taking the digit period average arithmetic as example, this paper explains the inter-harmonics current oscillation in the experiment. The conclusion is that the SHAPF is unstable to the inter-harmonics current in theory. Limited by the capacity of the inverter, the system current and the inverter output current do not increase to infinite. At last, some methods are proposed to solve this problem. From the practical viewpoint, the voltage feed-forward control is easy to achieve. It can suppress the current oscillation problems, and also improve the filtering effect. The feasibility of the methods is validated by both the emulation and experiment results.