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Itakura, Masayuki,Mori, Shunsuke,Park, No-Hee,Bonavida, Benjamin Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1999 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.24 No.3
Dysregulation of the normal apoptotic mechanism in normal cells can directly contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and the development of resistance of tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs and lymphocytes. We have investigated the development of resistance to immune Fas-mediated apoptotic signals in oral cell lines as a function of progression from normal towards malignancy and the sensitizing effect of actinomycin D(ActD). Several lines of oral tissues that represent different stages of progression from the normal phenotype to the malignant phenotype were examined. Normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK)were immortalized by transfection with the recombinant human papilloma virus ((HPV)-16 DNA (HoK-16B)). These cells were subsequently exposed to benzo(a)pyrene for 7days (HOK-16B-BaP) and remained non-tumorigenic in nude mice. HOK-16B-BaP exposed for longer periods (6 months) to benzo(a)pyrene (HOK-16B-BaP-T) developed tumors in nude mice when injected subcutaneously and a cell line was developed from the tumor (HOK-16B-BaP-T1). NHOK and HOK-16B were relatively more sensitive to anti-Fas antibody (CH-11) and Fas-ligand-mediated cytotoxicity than the more advanced lines. Western blot analysis and flow cytometry showed (a) decreaded surface espression of Fas, (b) decreased expression Of P53, (c) increased expression of Bcl-2 and decreased expression of Bax, as a function of tumor cell development from the normal to the malignant phenotype. Treatment with ActD augmented both anti-Fas antibody mediated and Fas ligand mediated cytotoxicity, and significantly up-regulated the p53 protein levels without changing the Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels. Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1) is an anti-apoptotic molecule reported to interact with Fas and can block transduction of the apoptotic signal. Western blot analysis revealed that FAP-1 protein levels were increased with progression towards malignancy and was down-regulated by treatmint with ActD. These findings demonstrate the implication of several potential mechanisms by which oral cell lines become resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis with the development of malignancy in vitro. These include decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as surface Fas, p53, and Bax, and increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and FAP-1. Sensitization to Fas-apoptosis by ActD resulted in the upregulation of p53 and down-regulation of FAP-1 protein levels.
Itakura Masaaki 성결대학교 다문화평화연구소 2010 다문화와 평화 Vol.4 No.2
東アジアにおいて鷹狩の伝統は古く、鷹は権威の象徴として君臨し、鷹に関する知識もそれぞれ蓄積されていた。中でも高麗・朝鮮鷹は中国・日本でも名高いブランドとして定着していた。中国の画鷹の伝統は古く、唐時代の段階で一画面に一羽の鷹を描いた架鷹図と鷹が獲物を追う鷙鳥図のパターンが定着していたことは文献や正倉院の遺品から確認できる。以降連綿と描き継がれたが、北宋時代の徽宗皇帝(在位1100〜1125)の名を冠したものが圧倒的に多い、事実、吉祥的な意味を持つ白鷹と徽宗との関わりは早くから認められ、特に明時代以降、伝徽宗画が描かれてきたことは模本等によって理解できる。鷹は権威の象徴であると共に武の象徴でもあり、異民族の表象ともしばしば結び付いている。明時代の画鷹はそうした豊かなヴァリエーションが認められ、東アジア全域に広がる定型を提供している。韓国でも高麗時代には既に先の2パターンが認められるが、朝鮮王朝・世宗の時代には宮廷画員によって描かれた「架鷹図」が大量に制作されたことが分かっている。現存する朝鮮王朝の「架鷹図」はその多くが宗室画家の李巌(1499~1546以降)の伝称を持つが、その典拠はやはり徽宗に遡り、直接は15世紀の中国絵画に依拠していたと考えられる。 日本の状況はさらに複雑で、この両国の展開を受けたものである。その中で徽宗「鷹図」が日本でも定着していたことを示すのが室町~戦国時代に活躍した土岐頼芸「鷹図」(春雨寺)で、本図の前提として徽宗画があったことが画面上方の賛から知られる。 こうした展開を経て、徽宗自身による「鷹図」の真作は現存が確認されていないにも関わらず、16世紀以後の東アジアにおいてこのアトリビューションは定着し、徽宗「鷹図」という幻の名画が君臨し続けてきたのである
Itakura Shuji,Yoshikawa Yuya,Togami Yasuhiro,Umezawa Kiwamu 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.3
Termites are generally deficient in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle; however, one termite species, Coptotermes formosanus, has some PDH activity, though it is not enough to maintain the respiration of the termite by itself. We obtained a high quality annotated draft genome of C. formosanus. We found that all genes constituting the PDH complex and controlling PDH activity are present in the genome of C. formosanus, except for the PDH protein X component that is essential for a functional PDH complex. Additionally, we found that C. formosanus has three endo-ß-1,4-glucanases (EGs), for which the amino acid sequences differ from those of previously reported EGs. Despite the ability of termites to convert cellulose to glucose and the resulting glucose to pyruvate, PDH is likely to function poorly due to a missing X component of the PDH complex.
Shuji Itakura,Kazuya Hattori,Kiwamu Umezawa 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1
A total of 114 microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified for Coptotermes formosanus workers, while a total of 97miRNAs were identified for Reticulitermes speratus workers, of which 91 were common in C. formosanus and R. speratus. While the relationship between miRNA expression levels in C. formosanus and R. speratus workers had astrong positive correlation, considerable difference in miRNA expressions between C. formosanus and R. speratuswas observed. Among the miRNAs up-regulated in C. formosanus workers, miR-11-3p showed the highest expressionincrease of 2.30 fold, while miR-13b-3p showed the highest expression increase of 5.16 fold among theup-regulated miRNAs in R. speratus workers. Workers of C. formosanus and R. speratus seem to use differentmiRNAs, miR-11-3p in C. formosanus or miR-13b-3p in R. speratus, to regulate homeodomain transcription factorgenes, araucan, caupolican, and nubbin, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor genes, spineless and E(spl)m3-HLH, and zinc finger transcription factor gene, castor.