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박정덕,최병선,권일훈,홍연표,장임원 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.3
목 적 : 카드뮴은 인체의 물질대사에는 불필요하며 사람에게 발암작용이 있는 유해금속 물질로서체 내에서 축적되는 경향이 있다. 신장과 간장은 카드뮴의 주요 축적 장기로서 일반 인구집단에서 생활환경을 통해 미량의 카드윰에 만성적으로 폭로량을 가장 잘 반영한다. 방 법 : 이번 연구에서는 특별히 카드윰에 폭로된 적이 없는 0∼87세 범위의 부검체 254예(남자:188예, 여자 : 66예)를 대상으로 신장피질과 간장조직내 카드윰량을 분석하여 한국인에 있어서 신장과 간장내 카드윰 함유량의 참고치를 제시하였고, 체내카드뮴 총 부하량을 추정하였다. 결 과 : 한국인의 신장피질과 간장내 카드윰 농도의 기하평균치는 각각 27.4 ㎍/g wet weight와 3.1 ㎍/g wet weight 이었고, 아연의 기하평균치는 신장피질 35.4 ㎍/g wet weight, 간장 42.6 ㎍/g wet weight 이었다. 신장피질내 카드윰 축적량은 간장의 약 9배로서 미량 만성적 폭로시 신장이 주요 축적장기이었다. 한국인에 있어서 연령에 따른 신장피질내 카드윰 축적량은 50대 까지는 증가하다가 이후 감소되는 양상을 나타내었다. 신장피질내 카드뮴 축적량과 연령과는 2차 함수적인 관계를 나타내어 연령별 신장피질내 카드윰 축적량을 추정할 수 있는 예측식이 Log KCd=0.2325+0.0553 · Age-0.0005 · Age2으로 산출되어, 한국인에 있어 신장피질내 카드윰 축적량의 최고 농도는 50.8세에서 43.4 ㎍/g wet weight로 추정되었다. 또한, 신장 피질과 간장내 카드윰 축적량으로부터 산출된 연령에 따른 체내 카드윰 총 부하량의 예측식이 Total Cd Body Burden=-4.5948+1.2278 · Age-0.0121 · Age2로 산출되어, 체내 카드윰 총 부하량은 50.7 세에서 가장 높았으며 이때 26.5mg의 카드뮴이 체내에 축적되는 것으로 추정되었다. 신장피질과 간장에서 아연과 카드윰은 양의 상관이 있어 각각 Log KZn=1.1410+0.2841· Log KCd, Log LBn=1.5016+0.2396 · Log LCd 의 직선회귀관계가 성립되었으며, Cu/Zn비는 조직내 연령별 카드뮴농도와 비슷한 양상을 나타내었다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과에서 나타난 한국인의 카드뮴 폭로량은 일본인에 비해서는 낮았으나, 미국이나 서구지역에 비해서는 비슷하거나 다소 높은 수준으로 평가되었다. Objectives : Cadmium (Cd), a toxic and non-essential metal, is recognized as a human carcinogen, which has a tendency to accumulate In the human body. The levels of Cd in renal cortex and liver are good indicators as an index of Cd exposure in the general popelation. In this study, we present an estimation of reference Cd levels in tissue (renal cortex and liver) and total body burden in the general population of Korea. Methods : Cd and zinc (Zn) were analyzed in renal cortex and liver from 254 autopsies(male : 188 cases, female : 66 cases) aged 0 to 87 years. Results : Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 27.4 and 3.1 ㎍/g wet weight in renal cortex and liver, respectively. The level of Zn in renal cortex and liver was 35.4 and 42.6 ㎍/g wet weight, respectively. The result suggests that kidney is the target organ for Cd accumulation. The accumulation of Cd in renal cortex was age-dependent with a biphasic pattern. The level of Cd in renal cortex increased with age up to the fifties, and then level설 off thereafter. Based on the data, the regression model for Cd accumulation In renal cortex by age is predicted by : Log KCd = 0.2325 + 0.0553 · Age -0.0005 · Age2. The highest Cd accumulation in renal cortex of Koreans was estimated at 43.3 ㎍/g wet weight at 50.8 years old. In addition, the total Cd body burden by age was estimated by the fellowing equation'Total Cd Body Burden = -4.5948 + 1.2278 · Age - 0.0121 Age2. The highest body burden of Cd was estimated at 26.5 mg at age 50.7 years in the Korean general population. The positive correlation between Zn and Cd was observed In renal cortex and liver. Conclusions The level of Cd exposure in Korean was found to be lower than In Japanese, but same as or higher than in American and Europeans.
최병선,박영주,권일훈,홍연표,박정덕 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.2
This study was conducted to investigate the reference value of mercury (Hg) in liver and kidney of Korean population. The mercury concentration in 244 'sudden and unexpected death' autopsies (male: 180, female: 64) aged from 0 to87 years was analyzed. The concentration of mercury was measured by atomic absorption spec(Perkin -Elmer Model 5100) with mercury/hydride generating system (FIAS 400). The contents of mercury in liver and kidney fitted well the log-normal distribution rather than normal distribution. Geometric mean concentration of mercury in liver and kidney was 0.115 ㎍/g wet weight and 0.149 μg/g wet weight, respectively. Geometric mean concentration of mercury in female was higher than in male (p<0.01). The mercury content in liver and kidney increased with age up to the forties and slightly decreased there-after, The regression model of mercury deposit in liver and kidney by age was predicted as the following equation : Log KHg=-1.0576+0.0045·Age -0.0001·Age²+0.0873·Sex, Log KHg=-1.0576+0.0152·Age-0.0002·Age²+0.1935·Sex. The liver burden of mercury was estimated to be 158.3~161.3μg in male and 163.0-166.9 ㎍ in female. The kidney burden of mercury was estimated to be 42.0~42.9 ㎍ in male and 55.5 ∼57.1 μg in female.
박정덕,임헌방,최병선,권일훈,이상연,강은용,홍연표,장임원 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.1
Cadmium(Cd) is an ubiquitous, toxic and nonessential metal which is controversial about the association with a cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the reference level of Cd in myocardium in Korean general population. The level of Cd and zinc(Zn) concentration in myocardium of 252 cases of "sudden and unexpected death" autopsies (male: 172, female : 60) aged 0 to 87 years was analyzed. The concentration of Cd and Zn was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Perkin-Elmer Model 5100) by flameless and flame method, respectively. The content of Cd and Zn in myocardium showed the log-normal distribution rather than normal distribution. Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 0.19 ㎍/g wet weight in myocardium. The level of Cd in myocardium was not significantly different between male (0.18㎍/g wet weight) and female (0.22㎍/g wet weight). Geometric mean concentration of Zn in myocardium was 25.25 ㎍/g wet weight. The level of Zn between male (25.13 ㎍/g wet weight) and female (25.57㎍/g wet weight) was not different. The deposit of Cd in myocardium was age-dependent of biphasic pattern, but the Zn level by age was not significantly different. The level of Cd in myocardium was increased to the fifties of age, thereafter a leveling-off was shown. The regression model of Cd deposit in myocardium by age was predicted as the following equation: Log Heart-Cd= -1.2726 + 0.0234 ·Age -0.0002 ·Age². The maximum Cd deposit in myocardium was estimated to be 0.26 ㎍/g wet weight at the age of 58.5 in Korean general population. In addition, the total Cd burden in heart by age was predicted as a following equation: Total Cd burden in Heart= -10.165+2.891 ·Age -0.0258 ·Age². The maximum heart burden of Cd was estimated to be 70.7㎍ at age of 55.4. The positive correlation between Cd and Zn was observed in myocardium. The linear regression equation was Log Heart-Zn = 1.4195+0.0262 ·Log Heart-Cd.
연일권(Il-kweon Yeon),심창기(Chang-Ki Shim),김민정(Min-Jeong Kim),박정민(Jeong-Min Park),정원권(Won-Kwon Jung),도한우(Han-Woo Do),박석희(Seok-Hee Park) 한국농약과학회 2020 농약과학회지 Vol.24 No.2
Powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) occurring in the greenhouse cultivation of Korean melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an intractable disease to be hardly controlled. It is highly demanded that diverse measures of integrative practice should be applied to effectively manage powdery mildew in organic Korean melon cultivation. According to the recent socio-environmental movement of eco-friendly agriculture products in Korea, we here review developed techniques or methods to manage powdery mildew for organic production of Korean melon in greenhouse condition. A resistant F₁ variety against powdery mildew can be first mean and other environmental control techniques are essentially reviewed in the greenhouse facility. The alternative techniques of organic agricultural materials, such as cooking oil-egg yolk mixture, loess-sulfur complex, agricultural detergents, and sulfur- and silica-based products will be discussed. Also, it is desirable to use them in mixed treatment for higher control efficacy in organic Korean melon cultivation.