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Grafting improves salinity tolerance of bell pepper plants during greenhouse production
Blanca E. Orosco-Alcalá,Héctor G. Núñez-Palenius,Fidel Díaz-Serrano,Luis Pérez-Moreno,Mauricio Valencia-Posadas,Libia I. Trejo-Tellez,Nicacio Cruz-Huerta,Juan I. Valiente-Banuet 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.6
Biotic and abiotic stresses aff ect plant growth and productivity. High-salinity stress aff ects crop yield, causing fi nancialloss to growers. The use of salt-tolerant rootstocks is a strategy that has been used to reduce salt damage in crops. A studywas conducted to evaluate the eff ect of salinity-resistant rootstocks on the physiological and morphological characteristicsof bell pepper plants grown under greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomizeddesign with two factors. The bell pepper ‘Viper’ cultivar was grafted on two reported salinity-tolerant rootstocks(E21R10144 and E21R10197), and non-grafted (NG) plants were used as the control. Four salinity levels were applied tothe plants (electrical conductivity treatments using NaCl of 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS m −1 ) in Steiner nutritive solution (100%). Theresponse to salinity was determined using morphological and physiological plant parameters, including fruit yield. Increasedtolerance to salinity conditions (NaCl) was observed in the ‘Viper’ bell pepper grafted on E21R10144, which allowed greaterplant height, stem diameter, leaf size, as well as fresh and dry biomass of both the roots and canopy. The impacts on plantphysiological response, including photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water content, stomatal density, andfoliar area, were also determined. Our results indicate that the use of the salinity-tolerant bell pepper rootstock E21R10144maintained plant homeostasis and minimized the damage caused by salts to the morphology and physiology, as well as eff ectson fruit yield; thus, it is a promising tool for the management of salt stress.
J. L. Tain,A. Algora,E. Estevez,B. Rubio,E. Valencia,D. Jordan,J. Aysto,T. Eronen,A. Jokinen,I. Moore,H. Pentilla,J. Riisanen,L. Batist,M. Bowry,M. Bunce,W. Gelletly,R. Caballero,G. Cortes,B. Gomez-Ho 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
A complete characterisation of the β-decay of neutron-rich nuclei can be obtained from the measurement of β-delayed gamma rays and, whenever the process is energetically possible, β-delayed neutrons. The accurate determination of the β-intensity distribution and the β-delayed neutron emission probability is of great relevance in the fields of reactor technology and nuclear astrophysics. A programme for combined measurements using the total absorption gamma-ray spectroscopy technique and both neutron counters and neutron time-of-flight spectrometers is presented.
The Clay Mineralogy of some Low Productive Paddy Soils In Kyonggi-Do
심상칠,김태순,이형구,송기준,발렌시아,Shim, Sang Chil,Kim, Tai Soon,Lee, Hyung Koo,Song, Ki Joon,Valencia, I.G. 한국토양비료학회 1974 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.7 No.3
The samples were taken from the following localities previously classified as "Akiochi" area: Yangpyung, Puchun, and Pyungtaik, all of Kyonggi-do province. Five soil profiles were described in the field, and taken to the laboratory for physical and chemical analysis and mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction. The predominant clay minerals consist mainly of illite, vermiculite, chlorites and intergrade with vermiculite, and kaolinite. Illite or mica was found present in all samples and in all horizons. This was identified by the 9.83 to $10{\AA}$ (0.01) and $3.32{\AA}$ (003) basal reflections, Interhorizontal variations in mineral content and crystallinity are illustrated in their respective Xray diffractogram. Comparing the peak intensity, of the $14{\AA}$, $10{\AA}$ and $7{\AA}$ indicated the degree of weathering from the surface to the lower horizons. In general, the weathering of illite on the surface produced less pronounced $10{\AA}$ and $14{\AA}$ peak as compared to the lower horizons. The same may be said with kaolinite. On K-saturation, the $14{\AA}$ peak broadening on the low angle side was observed. This is interpreted to be due to chlorization. Heat treament from $100^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$, and $800^{\circ}C$. caused significant changes in the different diffractograms. Heating caused collasped of the $14{\AA}$ to $10{\AA}$ and the appearance of scattered peaks between $10-14{\AA}$. This is interpreted to the presence of vermiculite chlorite intergradient. The complete collapse of the $14{\AA}$ at $800^{\circ}C$ to $10{\AA}$ with increased intensity was attributed to the preservce of vermiculite. The principal difference among the clay minerals in each horizon is the concomitant increase and decrease in intensity with depth of the $14{\AA}$, $10{\AA}$ and $7{\AA}$ diffraction spacings. Apparently the weathering of illite ($10{\AA}$) is resulting in the formation of vermiculite ($14{\AA}$) and the interstratified material being an intermediate stage and the beginning of the formation of vermiculite. Some broadening- in the 17 to $18{\AA}$ was observed in Puchun-1 Pyungtaik-1 and Pyungtaik-2 specially so in the lower horizon in the Ca or Mg-saturated sample. Heated treatment tend to shift this peak to $14{\AA}$ indicating the presence of regular layering of the interstratified complex. The high amount of extractable aluminum and iron coupled with low exchange capacity indicate that iron and aluminum plays an important role in the weathering of these soils and is responsible to the low exchange capacity, high acidity and high phosphate absorptive capacity. The results presented substantiated the weathering sequence of Jackson in that mica ${\rightarrow}$ vermiculite ${\rightarrow}$ chloritezed vermiculite ${\rightarrow}$ kaolinite.