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송기준,한무영,김신영,하정윤,김응권,Ki Jun Song,Moo Young Han,Shin Young Kim,Jung Yoon Ha,Eung Kwon Kim,M,D 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.6
Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of cataracts based on screening test results and statistical estimation methods. Methods: Between June 1994 and September 2005, 85,505 persons aged 20 years and older were screened at a health promotion center for a general health care screen. We assumed that all subjects had complete screening results; however some subjects had an unknown disease status. A 2×3 table form could be generated from this data set. To estimate cataract prevalence, we used a maximum likelihood estimation method to reconstruct a 2×2 table including probabilities for each cell. Results: The overall estimated cataract prevalence was 13.98% (95% confidence intervals, 13.75% to 14.21%). We estimated the prevalence of cataracts to be 15.29% in men (95% confidence intervals, 14.95% to 15.63%) and 12.97% in women (95% confidence intervals, 12.65% to 13.29%). In addition, we found that the cataract prevalence distinctly increased in people aged 60 years or older. Conclusions: We found that these estimated cataract prevalences were not considerably different from study results obtained in other countries. Therefore, our method may be considered to be appropriate for estimating prevalence. Our results indicate that cataract prevalence in our study population increases with age and highlight the need for early detection and early interventions.
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한타바이러스와 서울바이러스의 M 및 S 분절의 염기서열 및 계통분석
송기준,양정인,김상현,김종현,이영은,백락주,이용주,송진원,Song, Ki-Joon,Yang, Jeong-In,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Kim, Jong-Hun,Lee, Young-Eun,Baek, Luck-Ju,Lee, Yong-Ju,Song, Jin-Won 대한미생물학회 1998 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.28 No.4
Hantaan (HTN) and Seoul (SEO) viruses, murid rodent-borne hantaviruses, are known to causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Korea. To determine the genomic diversity and molecular phylogeny of HTN and SEO viruses found in Korea, we amplified for part of M and S genomic segments of hantaviruses from sera of HFRS patients and lung tissues of hantavirus seropositive striped-field mice. Both M and S segment of 16 HTN and 2 SEO viruses were amplified by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Based on 324 nucleotides in the M genomic segment, the HTN and SEO strains showed $93.8{\sim}100%$ and $99.1{\sim}99.4%$ homologies, respectively. Similarly, based on 230 nucleotides in the S genomic segment, HTN and SEO strains showed $90.9{\sim}100%$ and 100% homologies, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of M and S segments indicated that HTN strains could be divided into at least two main groups in M and S trees and the sequence differences detected among the Sand M genomic segments of HTN viruses are consistent with reassortment having taken place between HTN virus strains.
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송기준 한국간호과학회 간호행정학회 2013 간호행정학회지 Vol.19 No.1
Purpose: To do nursing research effectively requires an understanding of fundamental principles of statistical methods. In this article, some key statistical methods which are commonly used in nursing research are identified and summarized. Methods: Ninety-two original articles from the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration were reviewed. Statistical methods were classified and summarized for usage in research and occurrence of common errors. Results: Among the original articles reviewed, 58 statistical usages contained errors. Most errors were found in linear regression analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and chi-square test. From the detection of statistical errors in usage, suggestions for appropriate statistical methods were made. Conclusion: In order to improve validity of original articles in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, clearly stated statistical usage and close editorial attention to statistical methods are needed. Understanding statistical methods is part of the process that researchers must use to determine both quality and usefulness of the research. Research findings will be used to guide nursing practice and reduce uncertainty in decision making. However, to understand how to interpret research results, it is important to be able to understand basic statistical concepts. Researchers should also choose statistical methods that match their purposes.
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단계적 회귀분석을 이용한 혈중 지질농도에서유전자의 상대적 효과 분석
송기준,고민진,박찬미,임길섭,장양수,김동기 대한심장학회 2005 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.35 No.10
Background and Objectives:It is very important to distinguish between the primary and secondary geneticeffects at different sites within a small genetic region. Therefore, we evaluated the relative effects of single nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNPs) within a gene on the serum lipid profiles by using individual data. Subjects andMethods:To evaluate the contributions of SNPs in a region to the serum lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride,low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein), we used data that consisted of 808 individuals (327males and 481 females) who did not have cardiovascular disease. In this study, we used a stepwise regressionprocedure to analyze the relative effects of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (ACE6, ACE7, ACE8, ACE10)in a gene region on the development of the serum lipid profiles in each gender group. Results:In the males,there were epistatic interaction effects between two loci (ACE6×ACE7, ACE6×ACE8, ACE6×ACE10, ACE8×ACE10 and ACE7×ACE8) and among three loci (ACE6×ACE7×ACE8, ACE6×ACE7×ACE10 and ACE6×ACE8×ACE10). Also, there are interaction effects between two loci (ACE6×ACE7, ACE6×ACE8, ACE6×ACE10, ACE7×ACE10 and ACE8×ACE10) and among three loci (ACE6×ACE7×ACE8, ACE6×ACE7×ACE10, ACE6×ACE8×ACE10 and ACE7×ACE8×ACE10) in the females. Conclusion:The results suggestedthat each of these loci is important in causing a relative change of the serum lipid profiles, even with simultaneouslyaccounting for the effects at the other loci. In the results of the analysis, there existed the effects ofindividual loci and significant interaction between the loci on the serum lipid profiles in each gender group. Itwas confirmed that this stepwise regression method can be suitable for evaluating the relative effects of SNPs andit is easily performed. 배경 및 목적:염색체상에서 특정한 질병의 발생에 관여하는 유전자들의국부의 위치가 알려질 경우, 그 국부에는 수많은 단일 염기다형성이 존재할 수 있는데, 이 때 어떤 단일 염기 다형성이 혹은 어떤 조합이 질병발생에 직접적인 영향을 주는 지규명하는 것은 매우 의미 있는 일이다. 또한, 질병발생과의관련성이 단순히 연관 불균형 상태에 있기 때문에 간접적으로 나타나는 것인지 아니면 직접적으로 질병을 야기하는 효과 때문인지 규명하는 것 역시 중요한 일이라고 할 수 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 양적 형질로서 심혈관계질환과 관련 있다고 알려진 혈중 지질농도에 대한 유전자들의상대적 영향을 평가하기 위해 단계적 회귀 분석 방법을 적용하여 분석하였다.방 법:본 연구에서는 각 단일 염기 다형성들의 집합에서 각각의 유전형에 대한 가변수를 정의한 후, 그 가변수들이 포함된 회귀 모형의 유의성에 대한 검정을 통해 유전자의 상대적인 영향을 평가하기 위하여 단계적 회귀 분석 방법을 적용하였다. 단일 염기 다형성으로서는 ACE6, ACE7, ACE8,ACE10들로 이루어진 집합을 이용했다. 양적 형질은 혈중 지질농도들로서 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, LDL-콜레스테롤,HDL-콜레스테롤의 수치를 이용하였고, 단일 염기 다형성의정보를 모두 알고 있으며 심혈관계질환을 가지고 있지 않은남자 327(40.5%)명, 여자 481(59.5%)명, 총 808명을 대상으로 분석하였다.결 과:남자의 경우 혈중 지질농도들 별로 ACE6, ACE7, ACE8, ACE10에서 주효과가 각각 서로 다른 양상으로 존재하고 있었고, 두 개의 다형성들간의 교호작용과 세 개의 다형성들간의 교호작용이 존재하고 있었다. 중성지방과 HDL-콜레스테롤에서는 개별적인 주효과에 비해 교호작용의 효과가 더크게 나타났다. 여자에서도 주효과와 두 개 및 세 개의 다형성들간의 교호작용에 의한 효과가 존재하고 있었는데, 모든 혈중 지질농도들에서 교호작용에 의한 상대적인 효과가 개별적인 주효과보다 더 크게 나타났다.결 론:본 연구에서는 손쉽게 적용할 수 있는 단계적 회귀분석 방법을 이용하여 혈중 지질농도에 대한 단일 염기 다형성들의 개별적인 효과와 그것들로 구성된 조합의 상대적인 효과를 평가하였는데, 각 성별에 따라 개별적인 다형성의 효과뿐만 아니라 두 개 혹은 세 개의 다형성들간의 교호작용에 대한 효과 또한 존재한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.
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송기준,한무영,정미영,임길섭,김동기 대한비뇨의학회 2005 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.46 No.8
Purpose: To proceed effectively with clinical research requires an understanding of the fundamental principles of study design and biostatistical methods. In this article, we identified and summarized basic clinical research designs and some of the key biostatistical methods that have been commonly used in clinical research. Materials and Methods: In an observational study, cross-sectional, case- control and Cohort designs were illustrated and compared. In a clinical trial study, parallel group design and cross-over designs were described according to their characteristics. Also, the biostatistical methods for their usages classified and summarized. Results: Understanding and evaluating research design are part of the process researchers must use to determine both the quality and usefulness of their research. Adequate applications to biostatistical methods are need; i.e., descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, ANOVA, nonparametrics, categorical data analysis, correlation and regression, and survival analysis. Conclusions: Research findings are used by clinical researcher to guide their practice and reduce their uncertainty in clinical decision making. However, to understand how to interpret research results, it is important to be able to understand basic statistical concepts and types of study design. Clinicians should also appropriately choose the biostatistical methods to suit their purposes.
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간접형광항체법 면역효소측정법 및 고비중입자응집반응에 의한 신증후출혈열 환자 한탄바이러스 예방백신 접종자 및 실험동물 혈청에 대한 항체비교
송기준,백락주,이호왕 고려대학교 의과대학 1991 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.28 No.3
This study was intended to evaluate the availability of the high density composite particle agglutination(HDPA) test for serological diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) compared to indirect immunofluorescent antibody(IFA) technique and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). With sera from HFRS patients, individuals vaccinated with Hantaan virus and experimental animals infected or immunizied with Hantaviruses studies were carried out to define the correlation of HDPA test with IFA test, to compare the antibody titers measured by IFA ELISA and HDPA tests, and to evaluate the cross-reactivity and reaction patterns of HDP coated with Hantaan virus antigens. The results were summarized as follow: 1. High agreement (%agreement=98.3%) rate was observed between results of serological diagnosis of HFRS patients by HDPA and IFA tests. 2. Highly significant correlation (r =0.8826, p<0.0001) was observed between antibody titers measured by HDPA and IFA tests. 3. Antibody titers of serial bled sera from HFRS patients were in the following order: IgM-ELISA ≥ HDPA > IFA in febrile phase of diseases and HDPA ≥ IgM-ELISA≥IFA in convalescent phase of diseases. 4. Positive rates of sera from vaccinees by HDPA and IFA tests were 12/71(17%). 10/71(14%) on 4650days after Hantaan virus vaccination and 65/71(92%), 64/71(90%) on 10days after booster injection of vaccine. 5. With HDP coated with Hantaan virus antigens high crossreactivity was observed in sera from HFRS patients infected with Seoul virus, and low cross-reactivity infected with Puumala virus. 6. With HDP coated with Hantaan virus antigens strong positive agglutination patterns were observed in sera from striped field mice, poor agglutination patterns in sera from house and laboratory rats, moderate agglutination patterns in sera from ICR and Balb /cmice, guinea pigs and rabbits.
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