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Gu Hyunjung,Kim Man Jin,Yang Dahae,Song Ji Yun,Cho Sung Im,Park Sung Sup,Seong Moon-Woo 대한진단검사의학회 2021 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.41 No.4
Background: Conventional diagnosis of fragile X syndrome (FXS) is based on a combination of fragment analysis (FA) and Southern blotting (SB); however, this diagnostic approach is time- and labor-intensive and has pitfalls such as the possibility of missing large number alleles. Triplet repeat primed PCR (TP-PCR) is a current alternative used to overcome these limitations. We evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of TP-PCR compared with the conventional diagnostic protocol consisting of FA and/or SB in terms of allele categorization, repeat number correlation, and zygosity concordance in female genetic carriers. Methods: From November 2013 to March 2018, 458 patients (326 males, 132 females) were simultaneously examined using FA and/or SB and TP-PCR by detecting CGG repeat numbers in FMR1 gene and diagnosed as per American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. Results: The TP-PCR results showed high concordance with the FA and/or SB results for all three aspects (allele categorization, repeat number correlation, and zygosity concordance in female genetic carriers). TP-PCR detected CGG expansions ≥200 in all full mutation (FM) allele cases in male patients, as well as both the normal allele (NL) and FM allele in female carriers. In premutation (PM) allele carriers, the TP-PCR results were consistent with the FA and/or SB results. In terms of zygosity concordance in female genetic carriers, 12 NL cases detected by TP-PCR showed a merged peak consisting of two close heterozygous peaks; however, this issue was resolved using a 10-fold dilution. Conclusions: TP-PCR may serve as a reliable alternative method for FXS diagnosis.
Gu Hyunjung,Lee Juhee,Hong Jinyoung,Lee Woochang,Yun Yeo-Min,Chun Sail,Lee Woo-In,Min Won-Ki 대한진단검사의학회 2022 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.42 No.6
Background: The top-down (TD) approach using internal quality control (IQC) data is regarded a practical method for estimating measurement uncertainty (MU) in clinical laboratories. We estimated the MU of 14 clinical chemistry analytes using the TD approach and evaluated the effect of lot changes on the MU. Methods: MU values were estimated using subgrouping by reagent lot changes or using the data as a whole, and both methods were compared. Reagent lot change was simulated using randomly generated data, and the mean values and MU for two IQC datasets (different QC material lots) were compared using statistical methods. Results: All MU values calculated using subgrouping were lower than the total values; however, the average differences were minimal. The simulation showed that the greater the increase in the extent of the average shift, the larger the difference in MU. In IQC data comparison, the mean values and MU exhibited statistically significant differences for most analytes. The MU calculation methods gave rise to minimal differences, suggesting that IQC data in clinical laboratories show no significant shift. However, the simulation results demonstrated that notable differences in the MU can arise from significant variations in IQC results before and after a reagent lot change. Additionally, IQC material lots should be treated separately when IQC data are collected for MU estimation. Conclusions: Lot changes in IQC data are a key factor affecting MU estimation and should not be overlooked during MU estimation.
전자기적 발열에서의 KSTAR In-Vessel Control Coil의 열 및 기계적 거동
강진구(Jin Gu Kang),박성현(Sunghyun Park),장민용(Minyoung Jang),이현정(Hyunjung Lee),김현욱(Hyun Wook Kim),이근수(KunSu Lee),김광표(Kwang Pyo Kim),박갑래(Kaprai Park),김범석(Beom Seok Kim) 대한기계학회 2022 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2022 No.11
To settle fusion technology, technical- and engineering challenges should be solved to control unstable fusion plasma. In-vessel control coil (IVCC) in Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) has been implemented for plasma control. We characterize the mechanical behaviors of IVCC under high heat-generation environments due to electrically induced eddy currents. Numerical evaluations reveal electromagnetic-, thermal- and mechanical responses under operating conditions. Thermal stability is assessed in terms of transient temperature variations and consequent thermal stress distributions. Experimental approaches using IVCC mock-up models are employed to validate the numerical results. We suggest candidates reduce eddy current and guarantee heat-dissipating performance via tailored methods with an upgrade of the IVCC case. The preliminary results will be the fundamental data for feasible upgrade of IVCC in KSTAR.
전자기적 발열에서의 KSTAR In-Vessel Control Coil의 열 및 기계적 거동
강진구(Jin Gu Kang),박성현(Sunghyun Park),장민용(Minyoung Jang),이현정(Hyunjung Lee),김현욱(Hyun Wook Kim),이근수(KunSu Lee),김광표(Kwang Pyo Kim),박갑래(Kaprai Park),김범석(Beom Seok Kim) 대한기계학회 2022 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2022 No.11
To settle fusion technology, technical- and engineering challenges should be solved to control unstable fusion plasma. In-vessel control coil (IVCC) in Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) has been implemented for plasma control. We characterize the mechanical behaviors of IVCC under high heat-generation environments due to electrically induced eddy currents. Numerical evaluations reveal electromagnetic-, thermal- and mechanical responses under operating conditions. Thermal stability is assessed in terms of transient temperature variations and consequent thermal stress distributions. Experimental approaches using IVCC mock-up models are employed to validate the numerical results. We suggest candidates reduce eddy current and guarantee heat-dissipating performance via tailored methods with an upgrade of the IVCC case. The preliminary results will be the fundamental data for feasible upgrade of IVCC in KSTAR.
Intuitive Modification of the Friedewald Formula for Calculation of LDL-Cholesterol
Hong Jinyoung,Gu Hyunjung,Lee Juhee,Lee Woochang,Chun Sail,Han Ki Hoon,Min Won-Ki 대한진단검사의학회 2023 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.43 No.1
Background: High LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is considered an important therapeutic target. It can be measured directly or calculated from the results of other lipid tests. The Friedewald formula is the most widely used formula for calculating LDL-C. We modified the Friedewald formula for a more accurate and practical estimation of LDL-C. Methods: Datasets, including measured triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-C concentrations were collected and assigned to derivation and validation sets. The datasets were further divided into five groups based on triglyceride concentrations. In the modified formula, LDL-C was defined as total cholesterol − HDL-cholesterol − (triglyceride/adjustment factor). For each group, the adjustment factor that minimized the difference between measured LDL-C and calculated LDL-C using modified formula was obtained. For validation, measured LDL-C and LDL-C calculated using the modified formula (LDL-CM), Friedewald formula (LDL-CF), Martin-Hopkins formula (LDL-CMa), and Sampson formula (LDL-CS) were compared. Results: In the derivation set, the adjustment factors were 4.7, 5.9, 6.3, and 6.4 for the groups with triglyceride concentrations <100, 101–200, 201–300, and >300 mg/dL, respectively. In the validation set, the coefficient of determination (R2) between measured and calculated LDL-C was higher for LDL-CM than for LDL-CF (R2=0.9330 vs. 0.9206). The agreement according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III classification of LDL-C was 86.36%, 86.08%, 86.82%, and 86.15% for LDL-CM, LDL-CF, LDL-CMa, and LDL-CS, respectively. Conclusions: We proposed a practical, improved LDL-C calculation formula by applying different factors depending on the triglyceride concentration.
Han, Sung Gu,Lim, Jongchul,Shin, Jinsub,Lee, Sung-Min,Park, Taiho,Yoon, Jongseung,Woo, Kyoungja,Lee, Hyunjung,Lee, Wonmok Optical Society of America 2014 Optics letters Vol.39 No.16
<P>We demonstrate an optical amplification of organic dye within a TiO2 inverse-opal (IO) distributed feedback (DFB) reflector prepared by a slide-coating method. Highly reflective TiO2 IO film was fabricated by slide coating the binary aqueous dispersions of polystyrene microspheres and charge-stabilized TiO2 nanoparticles on a glass slide and subsequently removing the polymer-opal template. TiO2 IO film was infiltrated, in turn, with the solutions of DCM, a fluorescent dye in various solvents with different indices of refraction. Optical pumping by frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser resulted in amplified spontaneous emission in each dye solution. In accordance with the semi-empirical simulation by the FDTD method, DCM in ethanol showed the best emission/stopband matching for the TiO2 IO film used in this study. Therefore, photo excitation of a DCM/ethanol cavity showed a single-mode DFB lasing at 640 nm wavelength at moderate pump energy.</P>