Applying the bacterial meningitis score in children with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis: a single center's experience

Lee, Jungpyo,Kwon, Hyeeun,Lee, Joon Soo,Kim, Heung Dong,Kang, Hoon-Chul The Korean Pediatric Society 2015 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.58 No.7

Purpose: The widespread introduction of bacterial conjugate vaccines has decreased the risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis due to bacterial meningitis (BM) in children. However, most patients with CSF pleocytosis are hospitalized and treated with parenteral antibiotics for several days. The bacterial meningitis score (BMS) is a validated multivariate model derived from a pediatric population in the postconjugate vaccine era and has been evaluated in several studies. In the present study, we examined the usefulness of BMS in South Korean patients. Methods: This study included 1,063 patients with CSF pleocytosis aged between 2 months and 18 years. The BMS was calculated for all patients, and the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of the test were evaluated. Results: Of 1,063 patients, 1,059 (99.6%) had aseptic meningitis (AM). Only four patients (0.4%) had BM. The majority of patients (98%) had a BMS of ${\leq}1$, indicating a diagnosis of AM. The BMS was 0 in 635 patients (60%) and 1 in 405 patients (38%). All four BM patients had a BMS of ${\geq}4$. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the diagnostic strength of the BMS in South Korea. In our study, the BMS showed 100% sensitivity and 100% NPV. Therefore, we believe that the BMS is a good clinical prediction rule to identify children with CSF pleocytosis who are at a risk of BM.

생성형 모델을 통한 모델 전도 공격에 대한 방어 기법 연구

김혜은(Hyeeun Kim),민동준(Dongjun Min),이형일(Hyeongil Lee),이상근(Sangkyun Lee) 한국정보과학회 2022 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.12

SMIL 2.0 문서 재생을 위한 이벤트 처리기의 설계 및 구현

김혜은(HyeEun Kim),채진석(Jinseok Chae),이재원(Jae Won Lee),김성동(Sung-Dong Kim),이종우(Jongwoo Lee) 한국멀티미디어학회 2004 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.7 No.2

한국인의 소득수준과 자기 삶에 대한 평가가 전반적 행복감에 미치는 영향

이혜은(Hyeeun Lee),금창민(Changmin Keum) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2024 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.24 No.2

Objectives This study aimed to explore the mechanisms linking income and happiness, focusing on how Korean individuals' self-evaluation of their lives and stress levels influence this relationship among various other variables. Methods To this end, we used the 2022 data from the National Assembly Future Research Institute's ‘Korean Happiness Survey’ to determine how stress regulates the impact of income level and life evaluation on happiness, and 12,998 people were surveyed, excluding those without personal income. The moderated mediation model was verified using the responses. Results As a result, first, the suitability of the measurement model was verified, and all direct effects between latent variables were found to be significant. Second, in the relationship between Koreans' income level and overall happiness, we confirmed through a conditional indirect effect test whether the indirect effect of life evaluation is moderated by stress. As a result, the conditional indirect effect was found to be significant regardless of the stress level. Conclusions Discussions and implications were described based on the results of this study, and suggestions for follow-up research were made. 목적 본 연구는 돈과 행복과의 관계에 영향을 미치는 다양한 변인 중에서 한국인의 자기 삶에 대한 평가와 스트레스 변인을 중심으로 소득과 행복 간의 관계 사이의 메커니즘을 밝혀보고자 하였다. 방법 이를 위해 국회 미래연구원의 ‘한국인의 행복 조사’ 데이터 중 2022년 자료를 활용하여 소득수준과 삶에 대한 평가가 행복감에 미치는 영향에 스트레스가 어떻게 조절하는지를 확인하기 위해서 개인소득이 없는 대상을 제외한 12,998명의 응답을 활용하여 조절된 매개모형 검증하였다. 결과 그 결과, 첫째, 측정모형의 적합성이 검증되었고, 잠재 변인 간 직접 효과는 모두 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 한국인의 소득수준과 전반적 행복감 간의 관계에서 삶에 대한 평가의 간접효과가 스트레스에 의해 조절되는지를 조건부 간접효과 검정을 통해 확인하였고, 그 결과 스트레스 수준에 관계 없이 조건부 간접효과는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 결론 마지막으로, 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 논의 및 시사점을 기술하고, 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 하였다.

본질과 가능 세계 ― 통세계적 동일성의 문제와 상대역 이론을 중심으로 ―

이혜은 ( Lee Hyeeun ) 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2021 건지인문학 Vol.- No.30

This paper aims to point out the special problem that is raised in using the notion of possible worlds to understand essences. Furthermore, the paper intends to consider the alternatives. Specifically, there is the problem of transworld identity, that is, Leibniz’s Law of the principle of the indiscernibility of identicals is broken among objects in different possible worlds. Therefore David Lewis suggests the counterpart theory. It shows that objects are not identical but similar across possible worlds. I accept that the notion of possible worlds is used to account for essences but reject that objects are transworld identical. In conclusion, I argue that we can get much better answer to the question -“What is it?”- by considering individual essences and intrinsicality.

CAGE, a novel cancer/testis antigen gene, promotes cell motility by activation ERK and p38 MAPK and downregulating ROS.

Shim, Hyeeun,Shim, Eunsook,Lee, Hansoo,Hahn, Janghee,Kang, Dongmin,Lee, Yun-Sil,Jeoung, Dooil Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2006 Molecules and cells Vol.21 No.3

<P>We previously identified a novel cancer/testis antigen gene CAGE by screening cDNA expression libraries of human testis and gastric cancer cell lines with sera of gastric cancer patients. CAGE is expressed in many cancers and cancer cell lines, but not in normal tissues apart from the testis. In the present study, we investigated its role in the motility of cells of two human cancer cell lines: HeLa and the human hepatic cancer cell line, SNU387. Induction of CAGE by tetracycline or transient transfection enhanced the migration and invasiveness of HeLa cells, but not the adhesiveness of either cell line. Overexpression of CAGE led to activation of ERK and p38 MAPK but not Akt, and inhibition of ERK by PD98059 or p38 MAPK by SB203580 counteracted the CAGE-promoted increase in motility in both cell lines. Overexpression of CAGE also resulted in a reduction of ROS and an increase of ROS scavenging, associated with induction of catalase activity. Inhibition of ERK and p38 MAPK increased ROS levels in cells transfected with CAGE, suggesting that ROS reduce the motility of both cell lines. Inhibition of ERK and p38 MAPK reduced the induction of catalase activity resulting from overexpression of CAGE, and inhibition of catalase reduced CAGE-promoted motility. We conclude that CAGE enhances the motility of cancer cells by activating ERK and p38 MAPK, inducing catalase activity, and reducing ROS levels.</P>

Cinnamon and its Components Suppress Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Up-Regulating Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors.

Kwon, Hyeeun,Lee, Jung-Jin,Lee, Ji-Hye,Cho, Won-Kyung,Gu, Min Jung,Lee, Kwang Jin,Ma, Jin Yeul Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2015 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.43 No.4

<P>Cinnamomum cassia bark has been used in traditional herbal medicine to treat a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, the antiproliferative effect of cinnamon extract on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the corresponding restenosis has not been explored. Hence, after examining the effect of cinnamon extract on VSMC proliferation, we investigated the possible involvement of signal transduction pathways associated with early signal and cell cycle analysis, including regulatory proteins. Besides, to identify the active components, we investigated the components of cinnamon extract on VSMC proliferation. Cinnamon extract inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and suppressed the PDGF-stimulated early signal transduction. In addition, cinnamon extract arrested the cell cycle and inhibited positive regulatory proteins. Correspondingly, the protein levels of p21 and p27 not only were increased in the presence of cinnamon extract, also the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was inhibited by cinnamon extract. Besides, among the components of cinnamon extract, cinnamic acid (CA), eugenol (EG) and cinnamyl alcohol significantly inhibited the VSMC proliferation. Overall, the present study demonstrates that cinnamon extract inhibited the PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of VSMCs through a G0/G1 arrest, which down-regulated the expression of cell cycle positive regulatory proteins by up-regulating p21 and p27 expression.</P>

휴먼 브랜디드 콘텐츠: 1인 미디어를 이용한 아이돌 그룹의 팬덤형성

이혜은 ( Hyeeun Lee ),이세진 ( Se-jin Lee ) 국민대학교 사회과학연구소 2021 社會科學硏究 Vol.33 No.2

유튜브의 확산으로 1인 미디어의 활약이 눈에 띄게 늘어나고 있다. 일반인이 진행자로 나섰던 초기의 1인 미디어는 이제 스타나 아이돌 그룹 등 유명인으로도 확대되어, 팬들과의 소통 창구가 되고 있다. 휴먼 브랜드는 영화배우, 모델, 가수, 방송인, 스포츠 스타 등 각 분야에서 인기와 지지를 받는 모든 유명인들을 포함한다. 이 연구에서는 스타들, 그 중에서도 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 아이돌 스타와 팬덤이 1인 미디어를 통해 소통했을 때 팬덤에게 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 했다. 구체적으로, 상호작용성(능동적 통제, 양방향 커뮤니케이션, 반응성)과 콘텐츠 특성(정보성, 오락성)이 콘텐츠 수용자들의 참여행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 그리고 참여행동이 콘텐츠 수용자들의 휴먼 브랜드에 대한 애착과 브랜드 충성도에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 첫째, 상호작용성 중에서 능동적 통제, 양방향 커뮤니케이션은 참여행동에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤으나, 반응성은 참여행동에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 둘째, 콘텐츠 특성 중 정보성과 오락성은 콘텐츠 수용자의 참여행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 참여행동은 콘텐츠 수용자의 휴먼 브랜드에 대한 애착과 브랜드 충성도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이 연구는 아이돌 스타나 연예인들의 1인 미디어 방송을 휴먼 브랜드의 가치를 창조하고 유지하는 도구로 보고, 이를 ‘휴먼 브랜디드 콘텐츠’라고 개념화했다. 스타들의 1인 미디어를 브랜디드 콘텐츠의 시각에서 살펴본 것이 이 연구의 의의라고 할 수 있다. With the spread of YouTube, the use of one-person media are remarkably increasing. The early one-person media, where the general public came out as a host, are now expanding to celebrities such as stars and idol groups, becoming a communication channel with fans. Human brands include celebrities who are popular and supported in each field, including actors, models, singers, broadcasters and sports stars. This study tried to find out how celebrities affect the fandom when communicating through one-person media. Specifically, this study examined how interactivity (active control, two-way communication, responsiveness) and content characteristics (informativeness, entertainment) influence the participation behavior of content audiences. In addition, the effect of participation behavior on human brand attachment and human brand loyalty was examined. As a result of the study, first, in terms of interactivity, active control and two-way communication had a positive effect on participation behavior, but responsiveness did not affect participation behavior. Second, the characteristics of content, information and entertainment, had a positive effect on the participation behavior of content audiences. Third, participation behavior had a positive effect on human brand attachment and human brand loyalty. This study viewed one-person media by celebrities as a tool to create the value of a human brand, and named it “human branded content”. The significance of this study is to see celebrities’ use of one-person media from the perspective of branded contents.

Cytolytic Activities of Taxol on Neural Stem Cells

Insoo Lee,HyeEun Han,HyeYoung Lee,Seung U. Kim,TaeUe Kim 대한의생명과학회 2007 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.13 No.4

Stem cells have been the subject of increasing scientific interest because of their utility in numerous biomedical applications. Stem cells are capable of renewing themselves; that is, they can be continuously cultured in an undifferentiated state, giving rise to more specialized cells of the human body. Therefore, stem cells are an important new tools for developing unique, in vitro model systems to test drugs and chemicals and a potential to predict or anticipate toxicity in humans. In the present study, in vitro cultured F3 immortalized human neural stem cell line and in vivo adult Sprague Dawley rats was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of anticancer drug paclitaxel. In vitro apoptotic activity of paclitaxel was evaluated in F3 cell line by a MTT assay and DAPI test. The cell death was induced with the treatment of 20 nM paclitaxel and chromatin degradation was detected by DAPI staining, which was analyzed by fluorescent microscope. In vivo studies, we also observed nestin immunoreactivity on subventricular zone, which is stem cell rich region in the adult brain of the SD rat. Immunofluorescent staining result shows that pixel intensities of nestin were decreased in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that paclitaxel is able to induce cytotoxic activity both in F3 neural stem cell line and neural stem cell in SD rat brain.

Real-time Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification (Real-time NASBA) for Detection of Norovirus

In Soo Lee,Dong Hyuk Choi,Jaewon Lim,Yoonjung Cho,Hye Sook Jeong,Doo-Sung Cheon,Hyeeun Bang,Hyunwoo Jin,Yeonim Choi,Sangjung Park,Sunghyun Kim,Hyeyoung Lee,Tae Ue Kim 대한의생명과학회 2011 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.17 No.3

Noroviruses (noroV) are the major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Since noroV cannot yet be cultured in vitro and their diagnosis by electron microscopy requires at least 10⁶ viral particles/g of stool a variety of molecular detection techniques represent an important step towards the detection of noroV. In the present study, we have applied real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (real-time NASBA) for simultaneous detection of NoroV genogroup Ⅰ (GⅠ) and genogroup Ⅱ (GⅡ) using standard viral RNA. For real-time NASBA assay which can detected noroV GⅠ and GⅡ, a selective region of the genes encoding the capsid protein was used to design primers and genotype-specific molecular beacon probes. The specificity of the real-time NASBA using newly designed primers and probes were confirmed using standard viral RNA of noroV GⅠ and GⅡ. To determine the sensitivity of this assay, serial 10-fold dilutions of standard viral RNA of noroV GⅠ and GⅡ were used for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time NASBA. The results showed that while agarose gel electrophoresis could detect RT-PCR products with 10 pg of standard viral RNA, the real-time NASBA assay could detect 100 fg of standard viral RNA. These results suggested that the real-time NASBA assay has much higher sensitivity than conventional RT-PCR assay. This assay was expected that might detect the viral RNA in the specimens which could have been false negative by RT-PCR. There were needed to perform real-time NASBA with clinical specimens for evaluating accurate sensitivity and specificity of this assay.