THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: OBSERVATIONS OF ASTEROID 3 JUNO AT 60 KILOMETER RESOLUTION

Hunter, T. R.,Kneissl, R.,Moullet, A.,Brogan, C. L.,Fomalont, E. B.,Vlahakis, C.,Asaki, Y.,Barkats, D.,Dent, W. R. F.,Hills, R. E.,Hirota, A.,Hodge, J. A.,Impellizzeri, C. M. V.,Liuzzo, E.,Lucas, R.,M IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.808 No.1

<P>We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm continuum images of the asteroid 3 Juno obtained with an angular resolution of 0 ''.042 (60 km at 1.97 AU). The data were obtained over a single 4.4 hr interval, which covers 60% of the 7.2 hr rotation period, approximately centered on local transit. A sequence of 10 consecutive images reveals continuous changes in the asteroid's profile and apparent shape, in good agreement with the sky projection of the three-dimensional model of the Database of Asteroid Models from Inversion Techniques. We measure a geometric mean diameter of 259 +/- 4 km, in good agreement with past estimates from a variety of techniques and wavelengths. Due to the viewing angle and inclination of the rotational pole, the southern hemisphere dominates all of the images. The median peak brightness temperature is 215 +/- 13 K, while the median over the whole surface is 197 +/- 15 K. With the unprecedented resolution of ALMA, we find that the brightness temperature varies across the surface with higher values correlated to the subsolar point and afternoon areas and lower values beyond the evening terminator. The dominance of the subsolar point is accentuated in the final four images, suggesting a reduction in the thermal inertia of the regolith at the corresponding longitudes, which are possibly correlated to the location of the putative large impact crater. These results demonstrate ALMA's potential to resolve thermal emission from the surface of main belt asteroids and to measure accurately their position, geometric shape, rotational period, and soil characteristics.</P>

THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW

Partnership, ALMA,Fomalont, E. B.,Vlahakis, C.,Corder, S.,Remijan, A.,Barkats, D.,Lucas, R.,Hunter, T. R.,Brogan, C. L.,Asaki, Y.,Matsushita, S.,Dent, W. R. F.,Hills, R. E.,Phillips, N.,Richards, A. M IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.808 No.1

THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: OBSERVATIONS OF THE STRONGLY LENSED SUBMILLIMETER GALAXY HATLAS J090311.6+003906 AT <i>z</i> = 3.042

Vlahakis, C.,Hunter, T. R.,Hodge, J. A.,Pé,rez, L. M.,Andreani, P.,Brogan, C. L.,Cox, P.,Martin, S.,Zwaan, M.,Matsushita, S.,Dent, W. R. F.,Impellizzeri, C. M. V.,Fomalont, E. B.,Asaki, Y.,Barka IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.808 No.1

<P>We present initial results of very high resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the z = 3.042 gravitationally lensed submillimeter galaxy HATLAS J090311.6+003906 (SDP. 81). These observations were carried out using a very extended configuration as part of Science Verification for the 2014 ALMA Long Baseline Campaign, with baselines of up to similar to 15 km. We present continuum imaging at 151, 236, and 290 GHz at unprecedented angular resolutions as fine as 23 mas, corresponding to an unmagnified spatial scale of similar to 180 pc at z = 3.042. The ALMA images clearly show two main gravitational arc components of an Einstein ring, with emission tracing a radius of similar to 1 ''.5. We also present imaging of CO J = 10 - 9, J = 8 - 7, and J = 5 - 4 and H2O (202-111) line emission. The CO emission, at an angular resolution of similar to 170 mas, is found to broadly trace the gravitational arc structures but with differing morphologies between the CO transitions and compared to the dust continuum. Our detection of H2O line emission, using only the shortest baselines, provides the most resolved detection to date of thermal H2O emission in an extragalactic source. The ALMA continuum and spectral line fluxes are consistent with previous Plateau de Bure Interferometer and Submillimeter Array observations despite the impressive increase in angular resolution. Finally, we detect weak unresolved continuum emission from a position that is spatially coincident with the center of the lens, with a spectral index that is consistent with emission from the core of the foreground lensing galaxy.</P>

Virtual reality distraction decreases routine intravenous sedation and procedure-related pain during preoperative adductor canal catheter insertion: a retrospective study

Pooja G. Pandya,Edward R. Mariano,T. Edward Kim,Steven K. Howard,Erica Stary,Jody C. Leng,Oluwatobi O. Hunter 대한마취통증의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.70 No.4

Background: Virtual reality (VR) distraction is a nonpharmacological method to prevent acute pain that has not yet been thoroughly explored for anesthesiology. We present our experience using VR distraction to decrease routine intravenous sedation for patients undergoing preoperative perineural catheter insertion. Methods: This 1-month quality improvement project involved all elective unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty patients who received a preoperative adductor canal catheter. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. For the first half of the month, all patients received usual care; intravenous sedation was administered at the discretion of the regional anesthesiologist. For the second half of the month, patients were offered VR distraction with intravenous sedation upon request. The primary outcome was fentanyl dosage; other outcomes included midazolam dosage, procedure-related pain, procedural time, and blood pressure changes. Results: Seven patients received usual care and seven used VR. In the VR group, 1/7 received intravenous sedation versus 6/7 who received usual care (P = 0.029). The fentanyl dose was lower (median [10th–90th percentiles]) in the VR group (0 [0–20] μg) versus the non-VR group (50 [30–100] μg; P = 0.008). Midazolam use was lower in the VR group (0 [0–0] mg) than in the non-VR group (1 [0–1] mg; P = 0.024). Procedure-related pain was lower in the VR group (1 [1–4] NRS) versus the non-VR group (3 [2–6] NRS; P = 0.032). There was no difference in other outcomes. Conclusions: VR distraction may provide an effective nonpharmacological alternative to intravenous sedation for the ultrasound-guided placement of certain perineural catheters.

OH (1720 MHz) MASERS: A MULTIWAVELENGTH STUDY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE W51C SUPERNOVA REMNANT AND THE W51B STAR FORMING REGION

Brogan, C. L.,Goss, W. M.,Hunter, T. R.,Richards, A. M. S.,Chandler, C. J.,Lazendic, J. S.,Koo, B.-C.,Hoffman, I. M.,Claussen, M. J. IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.771 No.2

<P>We present a comprehensive view of the W51B H II region complex and the W51C supernova remnant (SNR) using new radio observations from the VLA, VLBA, MERLIN, JCMT, and CSO along with archival data from Spitzer, ROSAT, ASCA, and Chandra. Our VLA data include the first lambda = 400 cm (74 MHz) continuum image of W51 at high resolution (88 ''). The 400 cm image shows non-thermal emission surrounding the G49.2-0.3 H II region, and a compact source of non-thermal emission (W51B_NT) coincident with the previously-identified OH (1720 MHz) maser spots, non-thermal 21 and 90 cm emission, and a hard X-ray source. W51B_NT falls within the region of high likelihood for the position of TeV gamma-ray emission. Using the VLBA, three OH (1720 MHz) maser spots are detected in the vicinity of W51B_NT with sizes of 60-300 AU and Zeeman effect magnetic field strengths of 1.5-2.2 mG. The multiwavelength data demonstrate that the northern end of the W51B HII region complex has been partly enveloped by the advancing W51C SNR and this interaction explains the presence of W51B_NT and the OH masers. This interaction also appears in the thermal molecular gas which partially encircles W51B_NT and exhibits narrow pre-shock (Delta v similar to 5 km s(-1)) and broad post-shock (Delta v similar to 20 km s(-1)) velocity components. RADEX radiative transfer modeling of these two components yield physical conditions consistent with the passage of a non-dissociative C-type shock. Confirmation of the W51B/W51C interaction provides additional evidence in favor of this region being one of the best candidates for hadronic particle acceleration known thus far.</P>

Implementation of the IPACK (Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee) block into a multimodal analgesic pathway for total knee replacement

Brandon Kandarian,Pier F. Indelli,Sanjay Sinha,Oluwatobi O. Hunter,Rachel R. Wang,T. Edward Kim,Alex Kou,Edward R. Mariano 대한마취통증의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.72 No.3

Background: The Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) block is a new anesthesiologist- administered analgesic technique for controlling posterior knee pain that has not yet been well studied in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. We compared pain outcomes in TKA patients before and after implementation of the IPACK with the hypothesis that patients receiving IPACK blocks will report lower pain scores on postoperative day (POD) 0 than non-IPACK patients. Methods: With Institutional Review Board approval, we retrospectively reviewed data for consecutive TKA patients by a single surgeon 4 months before (PRE) and after (POST) IPACK implementation. All TKA patients received adductor canal catheters and peri-operative multimodal analgesia. The primary outcome was pain on POD 0. Other outcomes were daily pain scores, opioid consumption, ambulation distance, length of stay, and adverse events within 30 days. Results: Post-implementation, 48/50 (96%) of TKA patients received an IPACK block, and they were compared with 32 patients in the PRE group. On POD 0, the lowest pain score (median [10th–90th percentiles]) was significantly lower for the POST group compared to the PRE group (0 [0–4.3] vs. 2.5 [0–7]; P = 0.003). The highest patient-reported pain scores on any POD were similar between groups with no differences in other outcomes. Conclusions: Within a multimodal analgesic protocol, addition of IPACK blocks decreased the lowest pain scores on POD 0. Although other outcomes were unchanged, there may be a role for new opioid-sparing analgesic techniques, and changing clinical practice change can occur rapidly.