Effect of the Circle-Grid Electrodes on Concentrated GaAs Solar Cell Efficiency

Chen-Chen Chung,Binh Tinh Tran,Ming-Hung Han,Kung-Liang Lin,Hung-Wei Yu,Yen-Teng Ho,Chun-Yen Chang,Edward Yi Chang 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.5

In this study, we investigate the effect of the shading factor of the front grid pattern on concentrated solar cell efficiency, taking the trade-off between the series resistance of the electrodes and the amount of incident light into consideration. We examine the thermal effect with regard to five different circle-grid electrode patterns of the front contact. The front contacts with different grid patterns affect the characteristics of light-concentratedtype GaAs single-junction solar cells. The device parameters analyzed include the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF) and conversion efficiency (η). The results of our study show that for a concentration ratio greater than 60x with AM1.5G, the device with a shading factor of 7.1% has the best cell efficiency of 27.05%, due to the smaller current crowding at the center spot. The results indicate that the conversion efficiency of solar cells can be improved by establishing a compromise between the shading effect and the series resistance effect.

A Study of General Reducing Criteria of Customer -Oriented Perceived Gap for Hotel Service Quality

Chen, Ching-Piao,Deng, Wei-Jaw,Chung, Yi-Chan,Tsai, Chih-Hung The Korean Society for Quality Management 2008 The Asian Journal on Quality Vol.9 No.1

In recent years, speedy development of Taiwan's hotel industry intensifies market competition, customers' demands on hotel services quality also increase with the increase of their consumption consciousness, and their demands on hotel types diversify, therefore hotel industry should concern on their unique management services quality brought by their different hotel types. The current designed service system or service transmission process may fail to meet customers' demands owing to emphasizing degree gap in service quality. What is worse, it is difficult for hotel industry to actualize complete customer segregation and to provide customized services, therefore comprehensive understanding of customers' demands on the service quality of different types hotels would contribute to operating management improvement of Taiwan hotel industry. This paper divides Taiwan hotels into three types: international tourism commercial type, holiday type and motel, the general hotels. It studies the emphasize degree gap in service quality between the industry and the customers. Data analysis shows that service quality gap (perceived gap) of hotels of different types exists in several quality aspects; what's more, the perceived gaps, service quality aspects, and its items of different types of hotel are also different. After an integrated analysis, this paper puts forward a general and customer-oriented quality item suitable for hotel industry to shorten the perceived gap of service quality, so that the hotel industry could design a service system and service transfer system, which could meet most lodging customers' demands in the context of pluralized customer sources.

The Effect of CdS QDs Structure on the InGaP/GaAs/Ge Triple Junction Solar Cell Efficiency

Chen-Chen Chung,Binh Tinh Tran,Hau-Vei Han,Yen-Teng Ho,Hung-Wei Yu,Kung-Liang Lin,Hong-Quan Nguyen,Peichen Yu,Hao-Chung Kuo,Edward Yi Chang 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.2

This work describes optical and electrical characteristics of InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction (T-J) solar cells with CdS quantum dots (QDs) fabricated by a novel chemical solution. With the anti-reflective feature at long wavelength and down-conversion at UV regime, the CdS quantum dot effectively enhance the overall power conversion efficiency more than that of a traditional GaAs-based device. Experimental results indicate that CdS quantum dot can enhance the short-circuit current by 0.33 mA/cm2, which is observed for the triple-junction solar cells with CdS QDs of about 3.5 nm in diameter. Moreover, the solar cell conversion efficiency is improved from 28.3% to 29.0% under one-sun AM 1.5 global illumination I-V measurement.

Adaptive Wavelet Neural Network Controller for Active Suppression Control of a Diaphragm-Type Pneumatic Vibration Isolator

Hung-Yi Chen,Jin-Wei Liang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.3

This paper applies an intelligent control scheme to investigate a diaphragm-type pneumatic vibrationisolation (PVI) problem. Adaptive wavelet neural network (AWNN) control is employed to control the PVI systemwhich has inherited nonlinear and time-varying system characteristics. Since AWNN has excellent approximationcapability originating from wavelet decomposition property and online learning ability stemming from neural networks,the method is especially suitable for the PVI control applications. In this paper, the adaptive learning ratesare derived based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. Therefore, the stability of the closed-loop system can beassured. To validate the proposed method, a composite control scheme using pressure and velocity measurementsas feedback signals is implemented. During experimental investigations, sinusoidal excitation with the excitationfrequency close to the resonance and random-like signal are input on a floor base to simulate ground vibrations. Performances obtained from the proposed control scheme are compared with those obtained from passive isolationand PID scheme to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent control.

Adaptive neural network controller for the molten steel level control of strip casting processes

Hung-Yi Chen,Shiuh-Jer Huang 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.3

The twin-roll strip casting process is a steel-strip production method which combines continuous casting and hot rolling processes. The production line from molten liquid steel to the final steel-strip is shortened and the production cost is reduced significantly as compared to conventional continuous casting. The quality of strip casting process depends on many process parameters, such as molten steel level in the pool, solidification position, and roll gap. Their relationships are complex and the strip casting process has the properties of nonlinear uncertainty and time-varying characteristics. It is difficult to establish an accurate process model for designing a model-based controller to monitor the strip quality. In this paper, a model-free adaptive neural network controller is developed to overcome this problem. The proposed control strategy is based on a neural network structure combined with a sliding-mode control scheme. An adaptive rule is employed to on-line adjust the weights of radial basis functions by using the reaching condition of a specified sliding surface. This surface has the on-line learning ability to respond to the system’s nonlinear and time-varying behaviors. Since this model-free controller has a simple control structure and small number of control parameters, it is easy to implement. Simulation results, based on a semiexperimental system dynamic model and parameters, are executed to show the control performance of the proposed intelligent controller. In addition, the control performance is compared with that of a traditional PID controller.

Decentralized Supply Chain Coordination with Revenue Sharing Mechanism: Transfer Pricing Heuristics and Revenue Share Rates

Chen, Hung-Yi,Wu, Hsiao-Chung Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2009 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.8 No.4

A revenue sharing contract is one of the mechanisms that coordinate decision makers in a decentralized supply chain toward the consensual goal. The transfer prices between different echelons in the supply chain influence the total supply chain profits. The study aims to explore various transfer pricing heuristics on the supply chain coordination in terms of the supply chain profits and their interactions with the revenue sharing rate. A model is proposed for formulating the collaborative production and distribution planning in a decentralized supply chain with the revenue sharing mechanism. Experiment results indicate that the transfer price and the revenue sharing rate affect significantly the coordination. Among the studied pricing heuristics, the variable-cost pricing method led to the best SC profits. Raising the revenue sharing rate reduced the SC profits no matter what heuristics were employed. Furthermore, the experiments provide us clues for finding the optimal transfer price for the supply chain.

Safety and Efficacy of Adalimumab for Patients With Moderate to Severe Crohn`s Disease: The Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD) Study

( Chen Wang Chang ),( Shu Chen Wei ),( Jen Wei Chou ),( Tzu Chi Hsu ),( Chiao Hsiung Chuang ),( Ching Pin Lin ),( Wen Hung Hsu ),( Hsu Heng Yen ),( Jen Kou Lin ),( Yi Jen Fang ),( Horng Yuan Wang ),( 대한장연구학회 2014 Intestinal Research Vol.12 No.4

Background/Aims: Only moderate to severe Crohn`s Disease (CD) patients without a satisfactory conventional therapy effect are eligible to get reimbursement from the National Health Insurance of Taiwan for using adalimumab. These are more stringent criteria than in many Western countries and Japan and Korea. We aim to explore the efficacy of using adalimumab in CD patients under such stringent criteria. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in nine medical centers in Taiwan and we collected the results of CD patients receiving adalimumab from Sep 2009 to Mar 2014. The clinical characteristics, response measured by CDAI (Crohn`s Disease Activity Index), adverse events and survival status were recorded and analyzed. CR-70, CR-100, and CR-150 were defined as attaining a CDAI decrease of 70, 100 or 150 points compared with baseline. Results: A total of 103 CD patient records were used in this study. Sixty percent of these patients received combination therapy of adalimumab together with immunomodulators. CR-70 was 68.7%, 74.5% and 88.4% after week 4, 8 and 12 of treatment, respectively. The steroid-free rate, complications and survival were 47.6%, 9.7% and 99% of patients, respectively. In considering the mucosal healing, only 25% patients achieve mucosal healing after treatment for 6 to12 months. Surgery was still needed in 16.5% of patients. Combination treatment of adalimumab with immunomodulators further decreased the level of CDAI at week 8 when compared with the monotherapy. Conclusions: Even under the stringent criteria for using adalimumab, the response rate was comparable to those without stringent criteria. (Intest Res 2014;12:287-292)

Leukocyte invasion of the brain after peripheral trauma in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Chen Xiang-Ke,Kwan Joseph Shiu-Kwong,Wong Gordon Tin-Chun,Yi Zhen-Ni,Ma Alvin Chun-Hang,Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

Despite well-known systemic immune reactions in peripheral trauma, little is known about their roles in posttraumatic neurological disorders, such as anxiety, sickness, and cognitive impairment. Leukocyte invasion of the brain, a common denominator of systemic inflammation, is involved in neurological disorders that occur in peripheral inflammatory diseases, whereas the influences of peripheral leukocytes on the brain after peripheral trauma remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that leukocytes, largely macrophages, transiently invaded the brain of zebrafish larvae after peripheral trauma through vasculature-independent migration, which was a part of the systemic inflammation and was mediated by interleukin-1b (il1b). Notably, myeloid cells in the brain that consist of microglia and invading macrophages were implicated in posttraumatic anxiety-like behaviors, such as hyperactivity (restlessness) and thigmotaxis (avoidance), while a reduction in systemic inflammation or myeloid cells can rescue these behaviors. In addition, invading leukocytes together with microglia were found to be responsible for the clearance of apoptotic cells in the brain; however, they also removed the nonapoptotic cells, which suggested that phagocytes have dual roles in the brain after peripheral trauma. More importantly, a category of conserved proteins between zebrafish and humans or rodents that has been featured in systemic inflammation and neurological disorders was determined in the zebrafish brain after peripheral trauma, which supported that zebrafish is a translational model of posttraumatic neurological disorders. These findings depicted leukocyte invasion of the brain during systemic inflammation after peripheral trauma and its influences on the brain through il1b-dependent mechanisms.

A Review of Electrically Tunable Focusing Liquid Crystal Lenses

Hung-Chun Lin,Ming-Syuan Chen,Yi-Hsin Lin 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.12 No.6

Electrically tunable focusing liquid crystal (LC) lenses are reviewed in this paper. The distribution of the orientations of LC directors which is controlled by electric fields results in a distribution of refractive indices of LC directors. The incident light can be modulated by the electrically tunable lens-like phase difference of the LC lens. We introduce the basic operating principles of LC lenses and discuss the structures of LC lenses. The major challenges of LC lenses are also discussed. We believe this paper provides a guideline for basic understanding of LC lenses.

Decentralized Supply Chain Coordination with Revenue Sharing Mechanism: Transfer Pricing Heuristics and Revenue Share Rates

Hung-Yi Chen,Hsiao-Chung Wu 대한산업공학회 2009 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.8 No.4

A revenue sharing contract is one of the mechanisms that coordinate decision makers in a decentralized supply chain toward the consensual goal. The transfer prices between different echelons in the supply chain influence the total supply chain profits. The study aims to explore various transfer pricing heuristics on the supply chain coordination in terms of the supply chain profits and their interactions with the revenue sharing rate. A model is proposed for formulating the collaborative production and distribution planning in a decentralized supply chain with the revenue sharing mechanism. Experiment results indicate that the transfer price and the revenue sharing rate affect significantly the coordination. Among the studied pricing heuristics, the variable-cost pricing method led to the best SC profits. Raising the revenue sharing rate reduced the SC profits no matter what heuristics were employed. Furthermore, the experiments provide us clues for finding the optimal transfer price for the supply chain.