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The Incidence and Wage Effects of Overeducation: The Case of Taiwan
Chun-Hung A. Lin,Chun-Hsuan Wang 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2005 Journal of Economic Development Vol.30 No.1
This paper, based on data from Survey of Family Income and Expenditure of Taiwan, shows that the recent trends of job match in Taiwan labor market have been marked by increasing proportion of overeducated workers due to the higher education expansion policy, while the incidence of undereducation continues to decline. Furthermore, workers’ economic position is not completely determined by their educational levels. Working experience also plays an important role in workers’ job placement and their wages. Workers with relatively less working experience are more likely to be overeducated, while workers with relatively more working experience are more likely to be undereducated. Overeducated (Undereducated) workers would earn more (less) than their co-workers with adequate education but less (more) than the workers having the same educational level with adequate education for jobs. However, the rewards (penalties) to adequate education and overeducation (undereducation) decline as more experience accumulated. Evidence also shows effect of bumping down from overeducation on the wages and employment of lower educated workers.
Development of the Mandarin Phoneme Detection Score Sheet as a Screening Tool
Lin Chun-Yi,Hung Yu-Chen,Chang Hsiu-Wen 대한청각학회 2022 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.26 No.1
Background and Objectives: Hearing thresholds across frequencies must be obtained for hearing aid fitting. Narrow-band noise (NBN) and speech sounds are often used as stimuli in pediatric audiologic assessments to elicit children’s attention due to their wider frequency ranges as compared to pure tones. However, obtaining complete responses across frequency ranges is challenging in pediatric practice. Therefore, we developed a frequency-specific phoneme screening tool, the Mandarin Phoneme Detection Score Sheet, to help clinicians evaluate aided performance in pediatric practice.Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 adults with typical hearing and 30 children aged 3-12 years with hearing loss were recruited. Threshold ranges for the aided detection of Mandarin phonemes and NBN were measured using 95% confidence intervals. A stepwise regression analysis was then performed to identify the Mandarin phonemes that can predict NBN detection performance.Results: The Mandarin Phoneme Detection Score Sheet was developed based on the results of the regression analysis. It was shown that the phonemes /ɤ, a, tɕh/ could predict detection performance at different frequencies.Conclusions: The Mandarin Phoneme Detection Score Sheet can allow audiologists and early intervention professionals to determine the benefits of hearing aids for pediatric patients in the early stage of hearing loss conditions.
Chun-Wei Wu,Kuan-Hung Lin,Ming-Chih Lee,Yung-Liang Peng,Ting-Yi Chou,Yu-Sen Chang 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.6
The objective of this study was to predict the timing of nitrogen (N) demand through analyzing chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF), soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which are positively correlated with foliar N concentration in star cluster (Pentas lanceolata). The plants were grown in potting soil under optimal conditions for 30 d, followed by weekly irrigation with five concentrations (0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 mM) of N for an additional 30 d. These five N application levels corresponded to leaf N concentrations of 2.62, 3.48, 4.00, 4.23, and 4.69%, respectively. We measured 13 morphological and physiological parameters, as well as the responses of these parameters to various N-fertilizer treatments. The general increases in Dickson’s quality index (DQI), above-ground dry weight (DW), total DW, flowering rate, △F/Fm’, and qP in response to t reatment with 0 to 8 mM N were similar to those of SPAD, NDVI, and Fv/Fm. Consistent and s trong correlations (R² = 0.60 to 0.85) were observed between leaf N concentration (%) and SPAD, NDVI, △F/Fm’, and above-ground DW. Validation of leaf S PAD, NDVI, and △F/Fm’ revealed that these vegetation indices are accurate predictors of leaf N concentration that can be used for non-destructive estimation of the proper timing for N-solution irrigation of P. lanceolata. Moreover, irrigation with 8 mM N-fertilizer i s recommended w hen leaf N concentration, SPAD, NVDI, and △F/Fm’ ratios are reduced from their saturation values of 4.00, 50.68, 0.64, and 0.137%, respectively.
A Review of Electrically Tunable Focusing Liquid Crystal Lenses
Lin, Hung-Chun,Chen, Ming-Syuan,Lin, Yi-Hsin The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2011 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.12 No.6
Electrically tunable focusing liquid crystal (LC) lenses are reviewed in this paper. The distribution of the orientations of LC directors which is controlled by electric fields results in a distribution of refractive indices of LC directors. The incident light can be modulated by the electrically tunable lens-like phase difference of the LC lens. We introduce the basic operating principles of LC lenses and discuss the structures of LC lenses. The major challenges of LC lenses are also discussed. We believe this paper provides a guideline for basic understanding of LC lenses.
The Presence of Borrelia valaisiana-Related Genospecies in Ticks and a Rodent in Taiwan
Chun-Man Huang,Hsi-Chieh Wang,Ying-Chun Lin,Shih-Hui Chiu,Ying-Shun Kao,Pei-Lung Lee,Hsiu-I Wang,Ruei-Chen Hung,Huang-I Chan,Ho-Sheng Wu,Chuen-Sheue Chiang,Jung-Jung Mu 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.6
A field survey was conducted to investigate the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in six counties of Taiwan. Spirochetes were successfully isolated from one rodent ear sample out of 485 rodent ears and 53live, fed tick (Ixodes granulatus) samples. The spirochetes were confirmed to be B. burgdorferi s.l. by real-time PCR. In addition, 23 of 113 tick samples were tested positive for Borrelia DNA according to real-time PCR. The Borrelia isolate from the rodent and the 23 Borrelia DNA samples from the ticks were identified as B. valaisiana-related genospecies by phylogenetic analysis based on flagellin gene sequences. These findings suggest that the Borrelia valaisiana-related strains are maintained in a zoonotic cycle between tick vectors and reservoir hosts in Taiwan.
Implementation of a bio-inspired two-mode structural health monitoring system
Lin, Tzu-Kang,Yu, Li-Chen,Ku, Chang-Hung,Chang, Kuo-Chun,Kiremidjian, Anne Techno-Press 2011 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.8 No.1
A bio-inspired two-mode structural health monitoring (SHM) system based on the Na$\ddot{i}$ve Bayes (NB) classification method is discussed in this paper. To implement the molecular biology based Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) array concept in structural health monitoring, which has been demonstrated to be superior in disease detection, two types of array expression data have been proposed for the development of the SHM algorithm. For the micro-vibration mode, a two-tier auto-regression with exogenous (AR-ARX) process is used to extract the expression array from the recorded structural time history while an ARX process is applied for the analysis of the earthquake mode. The health condition of the structure is then determined using the NB classification method. In addition, the union concept in probability is used to improve the accuracy of the system. To verify the performance and reliability of the SHM algorithm, a downscaled eight-storey steel building located at the shaking table of the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) was used as the benchmark structure. The structural response from different damage levels and locations was collected and incorporated in the database to aid the structural health monitoring process. Preliminary verification has demonstrated that the structure health condition can be precisely detected by the proposed algorithm. To implement the developed SHM system in a practical application, a SHM prototype consisting of the input sensing module, the transmission module, and the SHM platform was developed. The vibration data were first measured by the deployed sensor, and subsequently the SHM mode corresponding to the desired excitation is chosen automatically to quickly evaluate the health condition of the structure. Test results from the ambient vibration and shaking table test showed that the condition and location of the benchmark structure damage can be successfully detected by the proposed SHM prototype system, and the information is instantaneously transmitted to a remote server to facilitate real-time monitoring. Implementing the bio-inspired two-mode SHM practically has been successfully demonstrated.
Cryptanalysis and Improvement on Lee-Chen’s One-Time Password Authentication Scheme
Chun-Li Lin,Ching-Po Hung 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.2 No.2
Yeh et al., in 2002, proposed a one-time password authentication scheme using smart cards. Subsequently, Tsuji et al. and Ku et al. respectively showed that Yeh et al.’s scheme is vulnerable to stolen-verifier attacks. Recently, Lee and Chen proposed an improvement of Yeh et al.’s scheme. Lee and Chen claimed that their improvement can effectively withstand the stolen-verifier attack and is as efficient as Yeh et al.’s scheme. This paper, however, will point out that Lee and Chen’s improvement is still vulnerable to a masquerade attack. And, a simple improvement is given to resist the masquerade attack.