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Lee, Kyu Cheol,Lee, Hae Rang,Kang, So-Huei,Lee, Jungho,Park, Young IL,Noh, Seung Man,Oh, Joon Hak,Yang, Changduk Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Polymer chemistry Vol.9 No.42
<P> Despite having unique structural features, e.g., high co-planarity and a strong polar bicyclic lactam structure, thiophene bipyrrolylidene-2,2’(1H,1’H)-dione (TBPD) has been less explored as a dye, mainly due to the quite low yield in its synthesis via lactone-to-lactam conversion. We reported an efficient methodology for synthesizing TBPD in high yield using p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine in the chloroform solvent. From the newly synthesized series of TBPD-based donor?acceptor-type polymers, we fabricated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), which were subjected to a systematic study on the relationship between film microstructure and charge transport. Among them, the annealed PTBPD-Th film revealed a more ordered lamellar packing with the highest number of interlayers and preferential edge-on orientation, yielding the best hole mobility (up to 0.46 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>). The improved synthesis of TBPD and our findings concerning related polymers could promote further research and development associated with the TBPD unit. </P>
Lee, Byung Jin,Hur, Young Gul,Kim, Do Huei,Lee, Seong Ho,Lee, Kwan-Young Elsevier 2019 Fuel Vol.253 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effects of the total number of acid site and gallium loading on Ga/HZSM-5 catalysts for non-oxidative aromatization and ethylene formation were investigated using a mixed feed of methane and ethane, analogous to shale gas. When the acid sites of the catalysts increased with the change in the Si/Al ratio, the total conversion of hydrocarbons and the total yield of BTX and ethylene increased, but the selectivity of ethylene tended to decrease. This suggests that the Brønsted acid sites of catalysts is responsible for the dispersion of gallium species and the aromatization of intermediate. On the other hand, when the gallium loading of HZSM-5(15) catalysts increased from 1.0 to 7.0 wt%, the ethylene yield increased, but the BTX yield decreased. The excessive gallium loading resulted in the drastic change of textural properties and the dealumination leading to the decrease of Brønsted acid sites, which caused the decrease of BTX selectivity and the increase of ethylene selectivity. In addition, with the increase of the gallium loading of the HZSM-5(15) catalysts, while the ethane conversion did not change, the methane conversion and ethylene yield gradually increased. This suggests that the dehydrogenative coupling of methane was promoted by the gallium species formed at high gallium loading catalysts such as gallyl ion. Characterizations by N<SUB>2</SUB> adsorption/desorption, ICP-AES, XRD, XPS, TEM, NH<SUB>3</SUB>-TPD, pyridine FT-IR, H<SUB>2</SUB>-TPR, AAS, and <SUP>27</SUP>Al NMR were used to investigate the relationship between the catalytic performance for aromatization and ethylene formation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ga/HZSM-5 was used for the production of BTX and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB> from CH<SUB>4</SUB>/C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB> mixed feed. </LI> <LI> The high acidity made Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> well-dispersed, resulting in enhanced initial activity. </LI> <LI> With the increase of gallium loading, not only Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> but also GaO<SUP>+</SUP> was observed. </LI> <LI> At high gallium loading catalysts, the nonoxidative coupling of CH<SUB>4</SUB> was promoted. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Kuan-Huei LEE,Xiao Tong HOR,Jia Hui LIM,Lynette,Jia Hui LEE Shermine,Si Min YEO 세계문화관광학회 2022 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.15 No.1
Green practices have been recognised as a growing requirement in the global Meeting, Incentive, Convention and Exhibition (MICE) industry due to increasing demand from key stakeholders, and the significant environmental harm caused by the industry. However, the subject on green practice in the Singapore MICE industry remains as one of the least developed areas of academic research. To address this gap, qualitative research involving semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with eight Singapore MICE organisers. It aimed to explore their views towards green practices, their extent of implementation in the waste and energy classification, as well as the motivation and barriers faced during adoption. This study revealed new findings on the contrast between Multinational Corporations (MNC) and Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) MICE companies’ commitment toward sustainable practices. The low usage of sustainability guidelines available in the market was linked to its inability to withstand the test of time in the evolving MICE industry. The study provides Practices insights for both academics and MICE practitioners given the infancy of green in Singapore coupled with the growing enthusiasm in the global MICE industry. Further research could investigate exploring internal factors affecting the adoption of sustainability practices as well as gathering views of other event stakeholders.
Ming-huei Lee 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2023 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.- No.39
Wang Yangming’s doctrine of the “unity of knowing and acting” (zhi xing heyi 知行合一) can be traced back to Mencius’s theory of “original knowing” (liangzhi 良知). Similarly, Kant discussed the relationship of theory to practice on three different levels (morality, the law of the state, and international law) in his article, “On the Common Saying: This May Be True in Theory, But It Does Not Apply in Practice.” Kant proposed the unity of theory and practice on the level of morality. So, this article uses Kant’s related concepts of theory and practice to interpret Wang’s doctrine of the “unity of knowing and acting” with the aim of clarifying some misinterpretations of it. Thereby, I argue that, although Wang Yangming put forward the doctrine of “the unity of knowing and acting” at a different time than his doctrines of “heart-mind is principle” (xin ji li 心即理) and “the extension of original knowing” (zhi liangzhi 致良知), these three doctrines are logically interconnected.
李明輝(Lee Ming-huei) 한국양명학회 2006 陽明學 Vol.0 No.17
四端七情 논변이 조선 유학사상에서 중요한 논쟁 대상이지만, 王陽明 자신은 이 문제에 대해 특별히 언급한 적이 없다. 조선의 양명학자 정하곡은 王陽明의 ‘心卽理說’과 理氣觀을 받아들여 지신의 ‘生理說’을 제시했다. 그는 生理說을 가지고 王陽明의 良知說올 해석했을 뿐 아니라, 良知ㆍ惻隱은 先後가 없다는 뜻을 밝혀냈다. 이러한 사상의 배경 아래서 그는「四端七情」說을 썼다. 「四端七情」說은 陽明 사상의 논리적 파생으로 볼 수 있다. 정하곡은 退溪처럼 理의 活動性을 긍정했고, 四端과 七情의 이질성올 주장했다. 그러나 퇴계와 다른 점은 四端과 七情이 서로 전환할 수 있는 가능성을 강조한 점이다. 退溪 사상이 朱子에 치우쳐 있음과 동시에 陽明의 경향을 띠고 있지만, 陽明의 기본 입장과는 어느 정도 거리가 있음을 보여준다.
Yi-Chen Lee,Chun-Wen Cheng,Huei-Jane Lee,Huei-Chuien Chu 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.11
Indomethacin is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to alleviate pain and inflammation in clinical medicine. Previous studies indicated that NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal mucosal complications, and it is associated with mucosal lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage. Based on the evidences, decreasing oxidative stress may be an ideal therapeutic strategy for preventing gastrointestinal ulcer. Apple (Rosaceae Malus sp.) is one of the most commonly consumed fruits worldwide. The abundant polyphenolic constituents have received increasing attention for decades. In both in vivo and in vitro studies, the reports showed that apple polyphenol (AP) seems to provide an indirect antioxidant protection by activating cellular antioxidant enzymes to defend against oxidative stress. To address this issue and develop AP into a healthy improvement supplement, we studied the effect and potential mechanisms of AP in indomethacin-treated animal. The results showed AP can decelerate the gastric lesion, significantly suppress lipid peroxidation, increase the level of glutathione and the activity of catalase, and regulate the MAPK signaling proteins. These findings imply that AP protects the gastric mucosa from indomethacin-caused lesions and the protection is at least partially attributable to its antioxidative properties. This alternative medical function of AP may be a safe and effective intervention for preventing indomethacin-induced gastric complications.
Impaired Na+/K+-ATPase Function in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome
Jane-Dar Lee,Wen-Kai Yang,Ming-Huei Lee 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.2
Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) is abundantly expressed in the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells, which is necessary for tight junction formation. The tight junction is an urothelial barrier between urine and the underlying bladder. Impairment of tight junctions allows migration of urinary solutes in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). We evaluated NKA expression and activity in bladder samples from patients with IC/PBS. The study group consisted of 85 patients with IC/PBS, and the control group consisted of 20 volunteers. Bladder biopsies were taken from both groups. We determined the expression and distribution of NKA using NKA activity assays, immunoblotting, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescent staining. The protein levels and activity of NKA in the study group were significantly lower than the control group (1.08 ± 0.06 vs. 2.39 ± 0.29 and 0.60 ± 0.04 vs. 1.81 ± 0.18 μmol ADP/mg protein/hr, respectively; P < 0.05). Additionally, immunofluorescent staining for detection of CK7, a marker of the bladder urothelium, predominantly colocalized with NKA in patients in the study group. Our results demonstrated the expression and activity of NKA were decreased in bladder biopsies of patients with IC/PBS. These findings suggest that NKA function is impaired in the bladders from patients with IC/PBS.