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Ren Hua 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.6 No.2
Jihad is one of the core ideologies of Islamic extremism. “Jihad” is rich in meaning and controversial, which is the basis for Islamic extremism to alienate “Jihad”. Islamism alienated “jihad” by completely deviating from the spirit of peace of Islam, embezzling historical events and allusions related to Islam, terrorizing jihad and rebuilding caliphate system. The ultimate result of Islamism’s alienation of Islam is that it has formed an independent ideological system, being different from orthodox Islam in religious feelings and experiences, unique ways of activities and independent Islamic extremist organizations, which is why it has become “alienated religion”.
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Zhao Hua Ren 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.30 No.-
In aqueous solution containing the NaCl of 0.25 mol/L, the micellization of binary mixtures of sodiumdodecyl diamino sulfonate (C12AS) and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (10) (OP-10) have beeninvestigated employing both the UV–vis spectroscopy method, using pyrene as a probe, and thetensiometric method. The values of critical micelle concentration (cmc) at different molar compositionsin the mixture of C12AS/OP-10 were determined by both the UV–vis spectroscopy measurement and thetensiometric measurement. Within the framework of pseudophase separation model, some parameters(including the ideal values of mixed cmc, the interaction parameters, components and activitycoefficients in mixed micelles, and thermodynamic parameters of micellization) were calculated usingvarious models and treatments, e.g. the regular solution theory, the ideal model from the Lang model, theRodenas’s treatment and the Motomura’s treatment, and the mechanism on effect of NaCl on theinteracting behavior between two surfactants was discussed. The results show that as compared to thecases in the absence of NaCl, the addition of NaCl enhances non-ideal mixing and synergism betweenC12AS and OP-10 in all mixed systems, mainly resulting from the decrease of the steric effect ofheadgroups of two surfactants and the increase of the ionic strength in aqueous solution. Thermodynamic data show that on adding NaCl the micellization for the mixtures of C12AS and OP-10 can proceed spontaneously, and is an enthalpy-driven process owing to the variation of hydrophobicproperties in aqueous solution.
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Zhao Hua Ren 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5
The micellization properties of binary mixtures of sodium n-dodecyl diamine sulfonate (C12AS) and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (7), OP-7, in aqueous solution at the pH of 3.5, 6.0, and 8.5 have been characterized mainly employing both the UV–vis spectroscopy method, using pyrene as a probe, and the tensiometric method. The interaction parameters between two surfactants, the activity coefficients, the molar fractions of components in mixed micelles, and thermodynamic parameters obtained using some theoretical treatments including the regular solution theory (RST), the phase separation model, the Rubingh model, Maeda’s treatment, and so on, were evaluated and the effect of pH on the above parameters was also discussed. Reduction of the mixed critical micelle concentration and negative values of interaction parameter indicate synergistic effect between two surfactants for all mixed systems. The charge density and steric effect of head group of C12AS may play a vital role on the formation of mixed micelle, and the values of pH in aqueous solution can influence the ionic form of C12AS and this steric effect, thus resulting in different interacting behaviors between two surfactants. Thermodynamic data show that the process of micellization for all mixed systems is spontaneous, the stability of mixed micelle is mainly dependent on the components in bulk solution, and the more stable mixed micelle can form in neutral or weak acidic solution.
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Zhao Hua Ren,Jing Huang,Yue Luo,Yan Cheng Zheng,Ping Mei,Lu Lai,Yan Ling Chang 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.36 No.-
The effect of different valent inorganic cations and the hydrophilic group of surfactant on themicellization behavior of binary surfactant mixtures constituted by an amphoteric surfactant, sodium3-(N-dodecyl ethylenediamino)-2-hydropropyl sulfonate (C12AS), and three nonionic surfactantsoctylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-n) with different numbers of oxyethylene glycol ethers (n),namely, OP-10, OP-7, and OP-4 was investigated in aqueous solution. These inorganic cations includeNa+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Al3+ and Fe3+. Both the tensiometry and the UV–vis spectrophotometry usingpyrene as a probe were adopted to determine the critical micelle concentrations (cmc) of individual ormixed surfactants. Interaction parameters between two surfactants and other parameters were obtainedbased on the regular solution theory, the pseudophase separation model, Rubingh’s model, etc. Thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs energy of micellization and thermodynamic stability werealso calculated by both the equation proposed by Molyneux et al. and Maeda’s treatment, respectively. The effect of different valent cations on both the mixed cmc of surfactant mixtures and the molar fractionof C12AS in mixed micelle (X1) can be explained theoretically by the salting-out effect, electrostaticinteraction and steric effect. For three binary surfactant mixtures, the chain length of hydrophilic groupof surfactant results in different micellization behaviors. On adding salts, the interaction parametersshow that there exists a synergistic effect between two surfactants, and the effect increases withincreasing the ratio of valence (Z) and atom radius (R) of cation, especially, for the C12AS/OP-4 mixture. With increasing the Z/R value of cation, a deviation of X1 from the ideal value shows a divergence forthree binary surfactant mixtures because of different hydrophilicities of surfactant. Thermodynamicparameters indicate that the addition of cations with a large Z/R value can be contributive moreeffectively to the formation of stable mixed micelle than the case in the presence of cations with a smallZ/R value.
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Qing Hua Zhang,Rui Sheng,Zhao Hua Ren,Jing Huang,Yun Xiao Wang,Ben Ru Wang,Xi Lei Huang,Qin Cheng,Xue Mei Wu,Tong Bo Wang 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.120 No.-
The micellization and the molecular interaction behaviors for two ternary mixtures constituted by anamphoteric sodium 3-(n-dodecyl ethylenediamino)-2-hydroxypropyl sulfonate (C12AS), an anionicsodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and a nonionic octylphenol polyoxyethylated ether with thenumber (n) of oxyethylene glycol ethers OP-n (n = 10 or 7) in aqueous solution were investigated usingthe tensiometry and the effect of hydrophilicity on them was also discussed. In the framework of pseudophaseseparation model and based on the regular solution theory, the related micellization parametersincluding the mixed critical micelle concentration (cmc) values in the ideal and real cases, the activitycoefficients and the compositions in mixed micelle, etc. and thermodynamic parameters were estimatedby the Clint’s model and the Rubingh’ model. The mixed cmc value is dependent on the composition inaqueous solution and influenced by the hydrophilicity of nonionic surfactant. With increasing the nonionicin ternary mixture, the mixed cmc value is initially decreased and then slightly rise. An increasingin the hydrophilicity of nonionic will make the minimum value of mixed cmc be increased from1.299 mM to 1.705 mM. The resulting phenomena can be explained reasonably by the electrostatic effect,the steric hindrance, the hydrogen bonding, etc. Thermodynamic data indicate that the contribution ofentropy or enthalpy plays a vital role on the spontaneous process of micellization and the share ofentropy or enthalpy in free energy change is dependent largely on the amount of nonionic surfactantand the hydrophilicity. In ternary mixtures of C12AS/SDBS/OP-10, an increase in an amount of OP-10 willinduce the change from the enthalpy-driven micellization process to the entropically favorable process. Once an abundant amount of OP-7 is added, while, the enthalpy will make a main contribution on themicellization process, which can be described by the drop in the share of entropy at the composition(0.6970/0.0000/0.3030) of ternary mixture from 0.6478 to 0.4901. These findings will help with understandingthe molecular interaction behavior for the ternary surfactant mixture and the effect of the additionof nonionic surfactant and its hydrophilicity.
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Empirical formulas to estimate cable tension by cable fundamental frequency
Ren, Wei-Xin,Chen, Gang,Hu, Wei-Hua Techno-Press 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.20 No.3
The cable tension plays an important role in the construction, assessment and long-term health monitoring of cable structures. The cable vibration equation is nonlinear if cable sag and bending stiffness are included. The engineering implementation of a vibration-based cable tension evaluation is mostly carried out by the simple taut string theory. However, the simple theory may cause unacceptable errors in many applications since the cable sag and bending stiffness are ignored. From the practical point of view, it is necessary to have empirical formulas if they are simple and yet accurate. Based on the solutions by means of energy method and fitting the exact solutions of cable vibration equations where the cable sag and bending stiffness are respectively taken into account, the empirical formulas are proposed in the paper to estimate cable tension based on the cable fundamental frequency only. The applicability of the proposed formulas is verified by comparing the results with those reported in the literatures and with the experimental results carried out on the stay cables in the laboratory. The proposed formulas are straightforward and they are convenient for practical engineers to fast estimate the cable tension by the cable fundamental frequency.
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Ren, Yang-Wu,Yin, Zhi-Hua,Wan, Yan,Guan, Peng,Wu, Wei,Li, Xue-Lian,Zhou, Bao-Sen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.9
Background: Cell cycle deregulation is a major component of carcinogenesis. The p53 tumor suppressor gene plays an important role in regulating cell cycle arrest, and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is a key regulator of p53 activity and degradation. Abnormal expression of p53 and MDM2 occurs in various cancers including lung cancer. Methods: We investigated the distribution of the p53 Arg72Pro (rs1042522) and MDM2 SNP309 (rs2279744) genotypes in patients and healthy control subjects to assess whether these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinomas in Chinese female non-smokers. Genotypes of 764 patients and 983 healthy controls were determined using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Results: The p53 Pro/Pro genotype (adjusted OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.17-2.06) significantly correlated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma, compared with the Arg/Arg genotype. An increased risk was also noted for MDM2 GG genotype (adjusted OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.27-2.21) compared with the TT genotype. Combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 GG genotypes (adjusted OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.54-4.60) had a supermultiplicative interaction with respect to lung adenocarcinoma risk. We also found that cooking oil fumes, fuel smoke, and passive smoking may increase the risk of lung adenocarcinomas in Chinese female non-smokers who carry p53 or MDM2 mutant alleles. Conclusions: P53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 polymorphisms, either alone or in combination, are associated with an increased lung adenocarcinoma risk in Chinese female non-smokers.
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