Effect of dietary protamine on lipid metabolism in ruts

Hosomi, Ryota,Fukunaga, Kenji,Arai, Hirofumi,Kanda, Seiji,Nishiyama, Toshimasa,Yoshida, Munehiro The Korean Nutrition Society 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol. No.

Protamine has been widely used as a pharmaceutical product and natural food preservative. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the beneficial function of dietary protamine. This study examined the effects of dietary salmon protamine on serum and liver lipid levels and the expression levels of genes encoding proteins involved in lipid homeostasis in the liver of rats. Groups of male Wistar rats were fed AIN93G diet containing 2% or 5% protamine. After 4 weeks of feeding these diets, markedly decreased serum and liver cholesterol (CHOL) and triacylglycerol levels were noted. Increased activity of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 and acyl-CoA oxidase, which are key enzymes of fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation in the mitochondria and peroxisomes, was found in rats fed on protamine. Furthermore, rats fed protamine showed enhanced fecal excretion of CHOL and bile acid and increased liver mRNA expression levels of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) G5 and ABCG8, which form heterodimers and play a major role in the secretion of CHOL into bile. The decrease in triacylglycerol levels in protamine-fed rats was due to the enhancement of liver ${\beta}$-oxidation. Furthermore, rats fed protamine exhibited decreased CHOL levels through the suppression of CHOL and bile acid absorption and the enhancement of CHOL secretion into bile. These results suggest that dietary protamine has beneficial effects that may aid in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

Dietary ε-Polylysine Decreased Serum and Liver Lipid Contents by Enhancing Fecal Lipid Excretion Irrespective of Increased Hepatic Fatty Acid Biosynthesis-Related Enzymes Activities in Rats

Hosomi, Ryota,Yamamoto, Daiki,Otsuka, Ren,Nishiyama, Toshimasa,Yoshida, Munehiro,Fukunaga, Kenji The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2015 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.20 No.1

${\varepsilon}$-Polylysine (EPL) is used as a natural preservative in food. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the beneficial functions of dietary EPL. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the inhibition of neutral and acidic sterol absorption and hepatic enzyme activity-related fatty acid biosynthesis following EPL intake. EPL digest prepared using an in vitro digestion model had lower lipase activity and micellar lipid solubility and higher bile acid binding capacity than casein digest. Male Wistar rats were fed an AIN-93G diet containing 1% (wt/wt) EPL or L-lysine. After 4 weeks of feeding these diets, the marked decrease in serum and liver triacylglycerol contents by the EPL diet was partly attributed to increased fecal fatty acid excretion. The activities of hepatic acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which are key enzymes of fatty acid biosynthesis, were enhanced in rats fed EPL diet. The increased fatty acid biosynthesis activity due to dietary EPL may be prevented by the enhancement of fecal fatty acid excretion. The hypocholesterolemic effect of EPL was mediated by increased fecal neutral and acidic sterol excretions due to the EPL digest suppressing micellar lipid solubility and high bile acid binding capacity. These results show that dietary EPL has beneficial effects that could help prevent lifestyle-related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

Differential Effects of Cod Proteins and Tuna Proteins on Serum and Liver Lipid Profiles in Rats Fed Non-Cholesterol- and Cholesterol-Containing Diets

Hosomi, Ryota,Maeda, Hayato,Ikeda, Yuki,Toda, Yuko,Yoshida, Munehiro,Fukunaga, Kenji The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2017 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.22 No.2

Fish muscles are classified into white and red muscles, and the chemical composition of the two fish muscles have many differences. Few reports have assessed the health-promoting functions of white fish muscle proteins (WFP) and red fish muscle proteins (RFP). We therefore evaluated the mechanisms underlying the alteration of lipid profiles and cholesterol metabolism following the intake of WFP prepared from cod and RFP prepared from light muscles of tuna. Male Wistar rats were divided into six dietary groups: casein (23%), WFP (23%), and RFP (23%), with or without 0.5% cholesterol and 0.1% sodium cholate. Compared to the WFP-containing diet, the RFP-containing diet supplemented with cholesterol and sodium cholate significantly increased serum and liver cholesterol contents. However, in the RFP groups, an alteration in cholesterol metabolism including an increased tendency to excrete fecal sterols and hepatic cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase was related to the reduction of hepatic cholesterol contents. This phenomenon might be related to the tendency of an increased food intake in RFP-containing diets. These results highlight the differential effects of WFP and RFP on serum and liver lipid profiles of Wistar rats fed non-cholesterol- or cholesterol-containing diets under no fasting condition.

Combination Effect of Phospholipids and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Rat Cholesterol Metabolism

Ryota Hosomi,Kenji Fukunaga,Midori Fukao,Munehiro Yoshida,Hirofumi Arai,Seiji Kanda,Toshimasa Nishiyama,Teruyuki Kanada 한국식품과학회 2012 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.21 No.5

This study evaluated phospholipids (PLs)containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) for their specific inherent effects and effects due to a combination of the presence of glycerophosphate structure and n-3PUFAs on cholesterol metabolism in rats. Rats were fed a diet of AIN-93G containing soybean oil (SO, 7%), SO (5.8%)+fish oil (1.2%), SO (5.2%)+soybean PLs (1.8%),SO (5.2%)+PLs containing n-3 PUFAs (1.8%), and SO (4.0%)+fish oil (1.2%)+soybean PLs (1.8%). Diets with PLs containing n-3 PUFAs, and soybean PLs in combination with fish oil, resulted in decreased serum and liver cholesterol levels through enhancement of fecal cholesterol excretion and suppression of liver sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 mRNA expression compared with the diet containing soybean oil alone. This study shows that soybean PLs with added triacylglycerol that included n-3 PUFAs have the same effects on cholesterol metabolism as PLs containing n-3 PUFAs, and that these could be of benefit to people.

Opto-electronic Devices Using Polariton propagation

K. Hosomi,M. Shirai,J. Shigeta,K. Hiruma,T. Katsuyama 한국통신학회 1997 OPTOELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE Vol.2 No.1

徳冨蘆花の初期作品考察

細見典子(Hosomi, Noriko),金鸞姬(Kim, Nan Hee) 동아시아일본학회 2014 일본문화연구 Vol.0 No.50

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive investigation on the recognition of nature in the ‘Nature Trilogy’ (‘Seizan Hakuun’, ‘Shizen to Jinsei’ and ‘Seirosyu’) from the early works of the Meiji Period writer Roka Tokutomi. He is one of the exceptionally rare Christian authors in modern Japanese literature who also had good English reading comprehension and a broad knowledge of English literature. This explains why his works often contain quotations of distinguished Western writers including Emerson, Carlyle, Wordsworth, Shakespeare, and Tolstoy. Roka’s nature recognition was found to have something in common with a pantheistic view of nature in Emerson’s essays and Wordsworth’s poems, which is also one of the major characteristics of Japanese ideology. Humans standing in awe of Mother Nature were connected to humility or repentance and a look at the nameless common people with a warm heart. Although he learned natural observation from the Western painting technique of sketching, Roka’s written description of a landscape got more praise from readers than his sketches did,; it thus established itself as the norm to describe a natural setting.

Effect of dietary protamine on lipid metabolism in rats

Ryota Hosomi,Kenji Fukunaga,Hirofumi Arai,Seiji Kanda,Toshimasa Nishiyama,Munehiro Yoshida 한국영양학회 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.4 No.6

Protamine has been widely used as a pharmaceutical product and natural food preservative. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the beneficial function of dietary protamine. This study examined the effects of dietary salmon protamine on serum and liver lipid levels and the expression levels of genes encoding proteins involved in lipid homeostasis in the liver of rats. Groups of male Wistar rats were fed AIN93G diet containing 2% or 5% protamine. After 4 weeks of feeding these diets, markedly decreased serum and liver cholesterol (CHOL) and triacylglycerol levels were noted. Increased activity of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 and acyl-CoA oxidase, which are key enzymes of fatty acid β-oxidation in the mitochondria and peroxisomes, was found in rats fed on protamine. Furthermore, rats fed protamine showed enhanced fecal excretion of CHOL and bile acid and increased liver mRNA expression levels of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) G5 and ABCG8, which form heterodimers and play a major role in the secretion of CHOL into bile. The decrease in triacylglycerol levels in protamine-fed rats was due to the enhancement of liver β-oxidation. Furthermore, rats fed protamine exhibited decreased CHOL levels through the suppression of CHOL and bile acid absorption and the enhancement of CHOL secretion into bile. These results suggest that dietary protamine has beneficial effects that may aid in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

Porcine Hemoglobin Promotes Lipid Excretion to Feces more Strongly than Globin Protein in Rats

Ryota Hosomi,Ren Otsuka,Hirofumi Arai,Seiji Kanda,Toshimasa Nishiyama,Munehiro Yoshida,Kenji Fukunaga 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.suppl1

In an effort to clarify whether the lipid-lowering effect of hemoglobin is due to globin protein or heme, this study investigated the effects of dietary porcine hemoglobin (PH) and porcine globin (PG) on lipids contents of serum, liver, and feces in rats. Five-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 3 dietary groups of 7 rats each, with one group receiving a control diet and the other groups receiving diets containing 1.25% (w/w) PH or 1.18% (w/w) PG for 4 weeks. The PH diet decreased triacylglycerol content in serum and cholesterol in serum and liver, whereas the PG diet reduced triacylglycerol content in serum and cholesterol in liver. Fecal lipid excretion in the PH group was significantly higher than in the PG group. Therefore, PH affected lipid excretion to feces due to globin protein as well as heme.

Effects of Porcine Hemoglobin on Serum Lipid Content and Fecal Lipid Excretion in Rats

Ryota Hosomi,Kenji Fukunaga,Toshimasa Nishiyama,Munehiro Yoshida 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.3

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of dietary hemoglobin on serum and liver lipid contents in rats, and the ability of hemoglobin hydrolysates to disrupt lipid absorption. After rats had been fed on casein- or porcine hemoglobin-containing diets for 4 weeks, their serum and liver lipid contents and fecal cholesterol, bile acid, and nitrogen excretion were measured. To elucidate the mechanism of lipid absorption by dietary hemoglobin, we also examined lipase activity, micellar solubility of cholesterol, and bile acid binding activity in the presence of hemoglobin hydrolysates. Dietary hemoglobin decreased serum and liver triglyceride and cholesterol contents and increased fecal fatty acid, cholesterol, and bile acid excretion. In addition, hemoglobin hydrolysates inhibited lipase activity compared with casein hydrolysates in an in vitro study. These results suggested that the hypolipidemic effect of hemoglobin is mediated by increased fecal lipid excretion, and that decreased lipase activity by hemoglobin is at least partially responsible for this result. The observed effects were documented with an 8 g/kg hemoglobin diet, which is lower than in other studies; therefore. hemoglobin may be useful in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.

The Specific Roles of Vitamins in the Regulation of Immunosurveillance and Maintenance of Immunologic Homeostasis in the Gut

Koji Hosomi,Jun Kunisawa 대한면역학회 2017 Immune Network Vol.17 No.1

Vitamins are micronutrients which are essential for the maintenance of biological responses including immune system. Hence, vitamin deficiency increases a risk of infectious, allergic, and inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed the molecular and cellular mechanisms of vitamin-mediated regulation in the active and quiescent immune responses. In this review, we focus on the immunologic roles of vitamins in the regulation of homeostasis and surveillance in the gut.