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Exploring Resident’s Daily Activity-Travel Behavior: Activity Pattern, Duration and Competition
Wanying Li,Hongzhi Guan,Yan Han,Haiyan Zhu,Pengfei Zhao 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.25 No.8
This paper aims to deeply analyze the regularity of residents' daily activity-travel behaviors to help traffic management departments predict travel demand and evaluate transportation policies. Taking time use data in American as empirical analysis, the influencing factors such as residents’ activity pattern, duration and competition were discussed and analyzed based on the competing risk model. Results can be concluded that: a) people feel happy and meaningful during most of the activities, while they feel sad or pain in relatively rare occasions; b) there is no significant difference between young people and the elderly as for the total number of activities during one day; c) estimation results show that personal, household and activity characteristics have significant influence on activity duration and pattern, and the pattern of last activity (N) has a great influence on the occurrence of next activity (N+1); d) the competition between residents' daily activities is confirmed based on the competing risk model, and travel is closely related to various activities and can be seen as the derived demand of various activities. In all combinations of activity-travel chain schedule, personal - household (30.0%), household - recreation (25.9%), work - travel (45.2%), purchase - travel (33.7%), recreation - travel (22.5%), volunteer - travel (55.3%) and travel - purchase (28.4%) have the highest proportion respectively.
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Wanying Li,Hongzhi Guan,Yan Han,Haiyan Zhu,Ange Wang 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.26 No.9
Short-term prediction of holiday travel demand is a complex but key issue to the planning and management of tour transportation system in big cities. This paper develops an improved spatial and temporal correlation long short-term memory model (STC-LSTM) to forecast short-term holiday travel demand based on deep learning approach. Analysis results show six kinds of tourist flow correlations appears in different sets of tourist attractions, and 27.94 percent of the tourist attractions have mid- or high- positive tourist flow correlation with others, meaning that a positive synchronization mechanism exists between suburban tourist attractions in Beijing. The proposed model predicts the holiday travel demand on the basis of the historical data of the spatial and temporal related tourist flows, and the auxiliary data including meteorological data, temporal data, and Internet search index. Based on actual case study with tourist flow data of the suburban tourist attraction in Beijing, the proposed STC-LSTM is carried out to compared with other conventional prediction approaches. Results show that the proposed approach can improve the prediction accuracy and well capture the different spatial and temporal correlations of tourist flows.
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Microstructure of Gear Steels Treated by Shot Peening by X-Ray Line Profile Analysis Method
Pengfei Zhu,Hongzhi Yan,Jibo Zhou,Youliang Zhou,Yin Zhang,Zhi Chen 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.10
Shot peening is a common surface strengthening process of gears. It can induce compressive residual stress, refine grain size and increase dislocation density. However, there are limited reports on the quantitative analysis of dislocation substructures (type, fraction and arrangement), crystallite size and micro-strain in different crystal planes. To further reveal the microstructure strengthening mechanism of gears during shot peening, X-ray diffraction line profile analysis (XRDLPA) method is applied to study the effect of coverage on the microstructure of the gear steels. The results show that with increasing coverage, the dislocation density is increased from 2.62 × 1016 to 3.37 × 1016 m−2 in the form of screw-edge-mixed type as determined from the dislocation characteristic parameter q. The fraction of edge dislocation increases, whereas the fraction of screw dislocation decreases. The dislocation arrangement parameter M is decreased from 7.1 to 5.6, indicating that the formation of dislocation dipoles or dislocation cells in the surface layer can be further enhanced by increasing coverage. Due to the different degrees of atomic slip, the (200) crystallographic plane exhibits the smallest crystallite size and highest micro-strain, whereas the (222) plane shows the smallest micro-strain and the largest crystallite size. In addition, during shot peening, the enhancement of surface hardness of the gear steels is attributed to the phase transformation strengthening, grain-boundary hardening and dislocation hardening. The surface compressive stress of the gear steels induced by shot peening is affected not only by phase transformation, but also by Bauschinger effect, surface topography, grain refinement and so on.
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Liping Ding,Yajuan Chen,Yan Ma,Hongzhi Wang,Jianhua Wei 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.5
The clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been applied to edit the genomes of quite a few plant species, including perennial woody poplar trees. However, chimeras often exist in primary transgenic plants. For perennial woody trees such as poplar trees, it is difcult to obtain homozygous mutants by self-pollination for due to their long vegetative life and low-seed setting rates. In this study, we report an efec�tive approach to reduce the frequency of chimeric mutants of poplar trees by CRISPR/Cas9 with a second round of shoot regeneration using leaves as the explants. PdbPDS1 was used as the target gene, and only one homozygous PdbPDS1 mutant was obtained from 15 primary transgenic plantlets, which was verifed by both the phenotype and the DNA sequence of the PCR product. This indicates that the majority of primary transgenic plantlets in the T0 generation were chimeras. After the second round of shoot regeneration of the chimeric mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9, approximately 27.0% or 19.1% of the regenerated shoots were homozygous mutants with or without kanamycin selection, respectively. The results showed that a second regeneration could produce homozygous mutant shoots at a high frequency and that kanamycin selection could increase the frequency of homozygous mutant shoots.
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