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Hirata, M.,Iwamoto, T.,Otozu, W.,Kiyota, D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.5
The effects of recording interval (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min) on the estimation of some grazing behavior variables in beef cows and calves (<4 months old) were investigated in a daytime grazing (7 h) system utilizing a bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) pasture (a 1.1 ha paddock and a 0.4 ha resting area). Recording intervals of 10-30 min tended to underestimate the time spent grazing and ruminating and overestimate the time spent resting by animals, whereas intervals of 1-5 min resulted in almost constant estimates. In all grazing activities, the errors of estimation became larger when the recording interval exceeded 5 min. The accuracy of estimation was higher for grazing time>rumination time>resting time. An increase in recording interval always decreased estimates of the distance walked by animals. It was concluded that recording intervals of 1-5 min provide reliable estimates of the time spent grazing, ruminating and resting. It was also concluded that positioning of animals at 1 min intervals may provide estimates of walking distance with acceptable bias toward underestimation.
Measurements of Minute Unsteady Pressure on Three-Dimensional Fan with Arbitrary Axis Direction
Hirata, Katsuya,Fuchi, Takuya,Onishi, Yusuke,Takushima, Akira,Sato, Seiji,Funaki, Jiro Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2010 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.3 No.1
The present study is a fundamental approach to develop the measuring technology for minute fluctuating pressures on the three-dimensional blade surfaces of the fan which rotates with an arbitrary rotation-axis direction. In this situation, we are required to correct the centrifugal-force effect, the gravitational-force effect and the other leading-error effects for accurate measurements of the minute pressures. The working fluid is air. A pressure transducer rotating with an arbitrary attitude is closely sealed by a twofold shroud system. The rotational motion with an arbitrary attitude is produced by fixing the pressure transducer to the cantilever which is connected to a motor-driven disc of 500mm in diameter and 5mm in thickness. As a result, we have quantitatively determined main governing effects upon the non-effective component of the pressure-transducer signal.
EFFECTS OF OZONATION AND CHLORINATION ON VIABILITY AND INFECTIVITY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM OOCYSTS
Hirata, T.,Chikuma, D.,Shimura, A.,Hashimoto, A.,Motoyama, N.,Takahashi, K.,Moniwa,T.,Kaneko, M.,Saito, S.,Maede, S. 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.19 No.1
ABSTRACT Experimental studies on ozonation and chlorination were conducted to determine capacity for inactivating Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in batch modes at pH 7, 20℃. In both experiments, the log reduction of animal infectivity was linear and clearly decreased as disinfectant CT product increased. However, the curve of reduction in viability determined by both in vitro excystation assay and DAPI/PI permeability assay exhibited a shoulder. The CT products of ozone per 1 log reduction in infectivity were 3 mg·min/L for 0.5 mg/L and 1.5mg·min/L for 0.3 mg/L, while viability determined by in vitro excystation was reduced by only 0.2 logs for the CT product of 3 mg·min/L. In the chlorination experiment, the reduction of animal infectiviry was up to 3 logs for the CT product of 2,700 mg·min/L, while reduction of viability was smaller at 0.16 logs in in vitro excystation and 0.04 logs in DAPI/PI permeability (in PI exclusion)for the same CT product. The CT product of free chlorine per 1 log reduction in infectivity was estimated to be in the range of 800 to 900 mg·min/L Experimental studies on ozonation and chlorination were conducted to determine capacity for inactivating Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in batch modes at pH 7, 20℃. In both experiments, the log reduction of animal infectivity was linear and clearly decreased as disinfectant CT product increased. However, the curve of reduction in viability determined by both in vitro excystation assay and DAPI/PI permeability assay exhibited a shoulder. The CT products of ozone per 1 log reduction in infectivity were 3 mg·min/L for 0.5 mg/L and 1.5 mg·min/L for 0.3 mg/L, while viability determined by in vitro excystation was reduced by only 0.2 logs far the CT product of 3 mg·min/L. In the chlorination experiment, the reduction of animal infectivity was up to 3 logs for the CT product of 2,700 mg·min/L, while reduction of viability was smaller at 0.16 logs in in vitro excystation and 0.04 logs in DAPI/PI permeability (in PI exclusion) far the same CT product. The CT product of free chlorine per 1 log reduction in infectivity was estimated to be in the range of 800 to 900 mg·min/L.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FAECES BY CATTLE IN A DAYTIME GRAZING SYSTEM
Hirata, M.,Higashiyama, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.5
Spatial distribution of faeces by Japanese Black heifers and steers was investigated. The animals grazed a bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum $Fl\ddot{u}gge$) pasture in the daytime from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., and spent the rest of the day in a barn. The pasture consisted of three paddocks, an alley and a resting area, and the paddocks were grazed rotationally. The number of defecations and the faecal weight excreted in the pasture were greater than those expected from the proportion of time that the animals spent in the pasture. These values were correspondingly smaller in the barn. The distribution of faeces to the paddock, alley and resting area of the pasture was usually not proportional to the area of the respective places. The number of defeations and the faecal weight were usually distributed less densely in the paddock than in the resting area. The degree of aggregation of defecation in the paddock, alley and resting area varied with the meteorological factors such as the air temperature, solar radiation and rainfall during the grazing, and the intake of hay supplement of the previous day.
Hirata Kourou,Iwanaga Kengo,Yamasaki Yuji,Takagi Ken-ichi 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
Injection molding of corrosive super engineering plastics and engineering plastics with various fillers is conducted under severe conditions and causes corrosion and wear problems. We have developed boride base cermets, which have excellent corrosion-and wear-resistances, and tried to apply them into plastic molding machine parts. In this paper, the effects of V substitution for Cr on the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and microstructure of Ni-5.0B-51.0Mo-(17.5-X)Cr-XV (mass%) model cermets were investigated. Both transverse rupture strength (TRS) and hardness increased monotonically with increasing V content and reached 2.94GPa and at 10.0%V, respectively. The improvements of TRS and hardness were attributed to microstructural refinement.
Hirata, Teppei,Yonahara, Yoshihito,Asharif, Faramarz,Omatsu, Tsutomu,Miyagi, Takeshi,Nagata, Yasunori,Mizutani, Tetsuya,Tamaki, Shiro The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2013 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.2 No.5
This paper proposes a mathematical model of Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE), which is a disease causing significant economic damage to the goat farming industry, and reports the application of this model to the development of an information management system of animal quarantine to overcome this disease. The mathematical model of CAE was derived from the AIDs model in human case because epidemical characteristics of these diseases including infection pass are similar. This model can be expressed by simultaneous differential equations. Simulations using a new model were performed according Euler's and Runge-Kutta method using numerical analysis software. In each method, strong convergence was observed and the results were similar. The design of an information management system of animal quarantine was proposed as an application of the new model. System design was constructed on the assumption that in subtropical islands, the expected development of information infrastructure and utilization will become valuable in the future.