A Brief Review of the Traditional Indigenous Architecture of Canada

Henry Hing-Yip Tsang(Henry Hing-Yip Tsang ) 한국캐나다학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.25 No.2

The identity of Canadian architecture is hard to define. Many waves of immigration of all contributed in sculpting the built environment in Canadian cities. Identity has much to do with origins, therefore tracing Canadian architecture should start by studying the architecture of our First Nations and indigenous people. This paper briefly explores the roots of Canadian architecture tracing back to the various indigenous tribes of Canada and outlines the main characteristics of the vernacular architecture built by these people. This paper review seven major typologies of indigenous architecture found in Canada: the Wigwam, the Longhouse, the Tipi, the Pit House, the Thule Winter House, the Plank House and the Igloo. Different indigenous tribes construct different styles of architecture as shelters that respond to their particular abodes and lifestyle. For instance, tribes living in colder climates construct narrow entrance tunnels for preventing cold wind drifts, whiles other tribes dig earth and construct their shelters protected by tree bark and soil. Further, living styles also influence the different types of shelters. Nomadic tribes carry thin long logs and animal hide with them and construct Pit Houses in places where they spend days chasing bison herds. Other tribes, engaged in agriculture therefore need a more permanent residence, such as the Iroquois who build Longhouses with wood bark and mats. Although this paper is brief, it lays the foundation for those who wish to understand and pursue further research into the different typologies of indigenous architecture of Canada.

The Influence of Asian Immigration on the Architectural Culture of Canada: A Study on the Preservation of Asian Culture and Identity in Architecture in Canada

Henry Hing-Yip Tsang(Henry Hing-Yip Tsang ) 한국캐나다학회 2017 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.23 No.2

Immigrants from Asian countries to Canada has a history dating back to the 18th Century, and Asian-Canadians today make up an increasingly significant part of the Canadian population. As these communities grow over generations, they become an integral part of the culture and heritage of Canada’s own culture of multiculturalism. Originating from Asia and reestablishing themselves in Canada, immigrants carry with them culture, customs and away of life to their new home, ranging from new food, fashion, customs, language and even the way to construct buildings. This paper studies the relationship of Asian immigrant communities with the spaces and buildings they occupy, and how they inhabit and adapted spaces, buildings and cities to represent the culture and identity of their country of origin. In particular, the paper will focus on three major Asian ethnic groups: Chinese, Japanese and Korean, trace their paths and identify major tendencies in how each have attempted to preserve culture and express identity in the design of significant buildings in their communities. The research methodology consists firstly of literature review on the subject of Asian immigration and the mapping of major architectural style trends in Canada. Secondly, a selection of buildings were identified from each community for further analysis, including site visits, study of architectural drawings, plans, photographs, as well as interviews with building occupants to better understand the significance of these buildings and how they were conceived to represent their ethnic communities. Preliminary results indicate that the Chinese community, with along history of immigration to Canada, expresses identity mainly in the exterior appearance of the buildings. The Japanese community has a scattered history of immigration to Canada and the expression of identity is rather subdued and the expression is present mainly in the building’s interior. The Korean community is relatively young in Canada, and has a tendency to adapt existing spaces and buildings, while expressing culture and identity through signage and decoration.

Study of Green Building Certification for Healthcare Facilities in Korea - Improvement of the Evaluation of Indoor Environments -

Henry Hing-Yip Tsang,Suhoon Lim 대한건축학회지회연합회 2018 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.20 No.4

The development of green building certification systems is moving towards specialization and customization to adapt to the needs of specific building types; such is the case for healthcare facilities, which having conditions to be taken into consideration. Particularly for healthcare facilities, the indoor environment is primordial as it is directly impacting the health and well-being of the occupants within the building. The Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED) is the green building certification developed by the Korean government. While it has gone thorough major revisions in September 2016, the healthcare facilities building type remained as being evaluated as a 'General Building' without any consideration for its function and any modified evaluation criteria. International green building certification programs such as LEED and BREEAM already have in place a distinct evaluation system for healthcare facilities. In Korea, the population is rapidly aging, and the demand for the construction of healthcare facilities is on the rise. Healthcare facilities are generally complex in function and are large energy consumers, consideration for green building design, such as energy and water efficiency will be essential. In parallel, the design of healthcare facilities will need to be mindful of the use by a variety of occupants, including medical staff, visitors and patients. In other words, the healthcare facilities would need to improve its “indoor environment” in order to optimize the well-being, comfort and health of the occupants, which could be physical or mental. This paper studies the Korean G-SEED certification and its relevance to healthcare facilities and attempts to define the future needs to be addressed in its implementation. Research methodology consists of literature review, comparative analysis of G-SEED with international certification programs (LEED and BREEAM) by assessing the relevance of “indoor environment” for healthcare facilities. Preliminary results of the study suggest discrepancies between the performed evaluation and the actual needs, and improvement measures to the evaluation of “indoor environment” in these facilities are proposed.

REVIEW OF URBAN AND REGIONAL POLICY AND ITS EFFECTS, VOL. 1

HENRY RENSKI 한국행정학회 2011 International Review of Public Administration Vol.15 No.3

The Use of the UNIDROIT Principles as Neutral Law in Arbitration

Henry Deeb Gabriel 한국중재학회 2013 중재연구 Vol.23 No.3

This article discusses the use of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts in international commercial arbitration. Because the Principles are designed specifically for cross‐border commercial transactions, the use of the Principles avoids many of the legal rules that would govern from otherwise applicable domestic law that do not reflect the expectations of parties in international trade.

The RTA Strategy of China : A Critical Visit

Henry Gao 한국국제경제법학회 2008 국제경제법연구 Vol.6 No.-

An Algorithm to Guide Recipient Vessel Selection in Cases of Free Functional Muscle Transfer for Facial Reanimation

Henry, Francis P.,Leckenby, Jonathan I.,Butler, Daniel P.,Grobbelaar, Adriaan O. Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.6

Background The aim of this study was to review the recipient vessels used in our cases of facial reanimation with free functional muscle transfer and to identify patient variables that may predict when the facial vessels are absent. From this we present a protocol for vessel selection in cases when the facial artery and/or vein are absent. Methods Patients were identified from November 2006 to October 2013. Data was collected on patient demographics, facial palsy aetiology, history of previous facial surgery/trauma and flap/recipient vessels used. A standard operative approach was adopted and performed by a single surgeon. Results Eighty-seven eligible patients were identified for inclusion amongst which 98 hemifaces were operated upon. The facial artery and vein were the most commonly used recipient vessels (90% and 83% of patients, respectively). Commonly used alternative vessels were the transverse facial vein and superficial temporal artery. Those with congenital facial palsy were significantly more likely to lack a suitable facial vein (P=0.03) and those with a history of previous facial surgery or trauma were significantly more likely to have an absent facial artery and vein (P<0.05). Conclusions Our algorithm can help to guide vessel selection cases of facial reanimation with free functional muscle transfer. Amongst patients with congenital facial palsy or in those with a previous history of facial surgery or trauma, the facial vessels are more likely to be absent and so the surgeon should then look towards the transverse facial vein and superficial temporal artery as alternative recipient structures.

Safety of a non-viral plasmid-encoding dual isoforms of hepatocyte growth factor in critical limb ischemia patients: a phase I study

Henry, T D,Hirsch, A T,Goldman, J,Wang, Y L,Lips, D L,McMillan, W D,Duval, S,Biggs, T A,Keo, H H Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011 Gene therapy Vol.18 No.8

We aimed to evaluate in a phase I dose-escalation study, the safety of intramuscular injections of a novel non-viral plasmid DNA expressing two isoforms of human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (VM202) in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). In total, 12 patients with CLI and unsuitable for revascularization were consecutively assigned to increasing doses (2 to 16 mg) of VM202 administered into the ischemic calf muscle at days 1 and 15. Patients were evaluated for safety and tolerability, changes in ankle- and toe brachial index (ABI and TBI), and pain severity score using a visual analog scale (VAS) throughout a 12-month follow-up period. Median age was 72 years and 53% of the patients were male. VM202 was safe and well tolerated with no death during the 12-month follow-up. Median ABI and TBI significantly increased from 0.35 to 0.52 (P=0.005) and from 0.15 to 0.24 (P=0.01) at 12 months follow-up. Median VAS decreased from 57.5 to 16.0 mm at 6 months follow-up (P=0.03). In this first human clinical trial, VM202, which expresses two isoforms of human HGF, appear to be safe and well tolerated with encouraging clinical results and thus supports the performance of a phase II randomized controlled trial.

ADAPTIVE SELLING IN TIMES OF UNCERTAINTY: A CASE STUDY ON INSURANCE AND UNIT TRUST INDUSTRY

Henry Chee Wei Cheah,Soo Yeong Ewe,Helen Hui Ping Ho 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

Insurance and unit trust (also known as mutual funds) are high-involvement financial products that require investors to hold for long term to gain desired returns. These financial products are also considered unsought products, which require salespeople’s personal touch with their potential customers to make sales. Therefore, the relationship between salespeople and their potential or existing customers becomes crucial in the sales of insurance and unit trust. In theoretical terms, this relationship represents business ties. A strong business ties between the salespeople and the customers enable them to exchange resources and knowledge, and co-create values in their business relationships. Such exchange and co-creation of values are desirable in a business network. Weak ties are irregular and infrequent exchanges, creating structural holes that bring about an opportunity for bridging but have not yet been capitalized.

Factor Intensity Versus Factor Substitution in a Specified General Equilibrium Model

( Henry Thompson ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1995 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.10 No.3

This paper examines the sensitivity of the comparative static elasticities of a general equilibrium model of production to factor intensity and factor substitution. A model of the US economy is specified with three factors and two goods. Changing factor endowments have consistently inelastic effects on factor prices. Prices of goods, however, have elastic effects on factor prices, and factor endowments have elastic effects on outputs. Factor intensity influences the comparative statics more than factor substitution. Under a move toward free trade characterized by a falling price of manufactures relative to services, the wage of unskilled labor falls while the wage of skilled labor and the price of capital rise.