Estimating Population Density of Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) from Camera Traps in Maekdo Riparian Park, South Korea

Park, Heebok,Lim, Anya,Choi, Tae-Young,Lim, Sang-Jin,Park, Yung-Chul Institute of Forest Science 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.3

Although camera traps have been widely used to understand the abundance of wildlife in recent decades, the effort has been restricted to small sub-set of wildlife which can mark-and-recapture. The Random Encounter Model shows an alternative approach to estimate the absolute abundance from camera trap detection rate for any animals without the need for individual recognition. Our study aims to examine the feasibility and validity of the Random Encounter Model for the density estimation of endangered leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Maekdo riparian park, Busan, South Korea. According to the model, the estimated leopard cat density was $1.76km^{-2}$ (CI 95%, 0.74-3.49), which indicated 2.46 leopard cats in $1.4km^2$ of our study area. This estimate was not statistically different from the previous leopard cat population count ($2.33{\pm}0.58$) in the same area. As follows, our research demonstrated the application and usefulness of the Random Encounter Model in density estimation of unmarked wildlife which helps to manage and protect the target species with a better understanding of their status.

Estimating Population Density of Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) from Camera Traps in Maekdo Riparian Park, South Korea

Heebok Park,Anya Lim,Tae-Young Choi,Sang-Jin Lim,Yung-Chul Park 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.3

Although camera traps have been widely used to understand the abundance of wildlife in recent decades, the effort has been restricted to small sub-set of wildlife which can mark-and-recapture. The Random Encounter Model shows an alternative approach to estimate the absolute abundance from camera trap detection rate for any animals without the need for individual recognition. Our study aims to examine the feasibility and validity of the Random Encounter Model for the density estimation of endangered leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Maekdo riparian park, Busan, South Korea. According to the model, the estimated leopard cat density was 1.76 km-2 (CI 95%, 0.74-3.49), which indicated 2.46 leopard cats in 1.4 km2 of our study area. This estimate was not statistically different from the previous leopard cat population count (2.33±0.58) in the same area. As follows, our research demonstrated the application and usefulness of the Random Encounter Model in density estimation of unmarked wildlife which helps to manage and protect the target species with a better understanding of their status.

Trends in Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) Research through Co-word Analysis

Park, Heebok,Lim, Anya,Choi, Taeyoung,Han, Changwook,Park, Yungchul Institute of Forest Science 2018 Journal of Forest Science Vol.34 No.1

This study aims to explore the knowledge structure of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) research during the period of 1952-2017. Data was collected from Google Scholar and Research Information Service System (RISS), and a total of 482 author keywords from 125 papers from peer-reviewed scholarly journals were retrieved. Co-word analysis was applied to examine patterns and trends in the leopard cat research by measuring the association strengths of the author keywords along with the descriptive analysis of the keywords. The result shows that the most commonly used keywords in leopard cat research were Felidae, Iriomte cat, and camera trap except for its English and scientific name, and camera traps became a frequent keyword since 2005. Co-word analysis also reveals that leopard cat research has been actively conducted in Southeast Asia in conjugation with studying other carnivores using the camera traps. Through the understanding of the patterns and trends, the finding of this study could provide an opportunity for the exploration of neglected areas in the leopard cat research and conservation.

Where to spot: individual identification of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) in South Korea

Park, Heebok,Lim, Anya,Choi, Tae-Young,Baek, Seung-Yoon,Song, Eui-Geun,Park, Yung Chul The Ecological Society of Korea 2019 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.43 No.4

Knowledge of abundance, or population size, is fundamental in wildlife conservation and management. Camera-trapping, in combination with capture-recapture methods, has been extensively applied to estimate abundance and density of individually identifiable animals due to the advantages of being non-invasive, effective to survey wide-ranging, elusive, or nocturnal species, operating in inhospitable environment, and taking low labor. We assessed the possibility of using coat patterns from images to identify an individual leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), a Class II endangered species in South Korea. We analyzed leopard cat images taken from Digital Single-Lense Relfex camera (high resolution, 18Mpxl) and camera traps (low resolution, 3.1Mpxl) using HotSpotter, an image matching algorithm. HotSpotter accurately top-ranked an image of the same individual leopard cat with the reference leopard cat image 100% by matching facial and ventral parts. This confirms that facial and ventral fur patterns of the Amur leopard cat are good matching points to be used reliably to identify an individual. We anticipate that the study results will be useful to researchers interested in studying behavior or population parameter estimates of Amur leopard cats based on capture-recapture models.

Trends in Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) Research through Co-word Analysis

Heebok Park,Anya Lim,Taeyoung Choi,Changwook Han,Yungchul Park 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2018 Journal of Forest Science Vol.34 No.1

This study aims to explore the knowledge structure of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) research during the period of 1952-2017. Data was collected from Google Scholar and Research Information Service System (RISS), and a total of 482 author keywords from 125 papers from peer-reviewed scholarly journals were retrieved. Co-word analysis was applied to examine patterns and trends in the leopard cat research by measuring the association strengths of the author keywords along with the descriptive analysis of the keywords. The result shows that the most commonly used keywords in leopard cat research were Felidae, Iriomte cat, and camera trap except for its English and scientific name, and camera traps became a frequent keyword since 2005. Co-word analysis also reveals that leopard cat research has been actively conducted in Southeast Asia in conjugation with studying other carnivores using the camera traps. Through the understanding of the patterns and trends, the finding of this study could provide an opportunity for the exploration of neglected areas in the leopard cat research and conservation.

고라니(Hydropotes inermis)의 로드킬(Roadkill) 방지 울타리 적정 높이 평가

박희복 ( Heebok Park ),우동걸 ( Donggul Woo ),송의근 ( Eui-geun Song ),임정은 ( Anya Lim ),이배근 ( Bae-keun Lee ),장지덕 ( Ji-deok Jang ),박태진 ( Tae-jin Park ),최태영 ( Tae-young Choi ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2018 환경영향평가 Vol.27 No.2

이 연구는 국내 로드킬(Roadkill) 피해 발생건수가 가장 높은 야생동물인 고라니(Hydropotes inermis)를 대상으로 로드킬 예방에 필요한 저감시설인 유도울타리의 적정 높이 기준을 마련하기 위해 이루어졌다. 이를 위해 국외 사슴류 흰꼬리사슴(Odocoileus virginianus)의 울타리 월장 측정 연구사례와 비화학적 포획 방법을 검토하여 국립생태원 사슴생태원에서 관리하는 고라니 27마리를 대상으로 울타리 월장 실패율 측정 방법에 적용하였다. 펜스(test fence) 높이 0.5m에서부터 단계별 10cm씩 높여가며 넘을 수 없는 높이를 검증하였다. 그 결과 1.5m로 설치할 경우 고라니의 침입을 96.7% 차단 가능하고, 1.8m 높이에서는 100% 차단하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구결과를 토대로 향후 환경부 「생태통로 설치 및 관리지침」개정 시 유도울타리 적정 높이 기준 설정에 의미 있는 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. Our study aims to provide a guideline of deer-proof fence heights to prevent roadkill of water deer (Hydropotes inermis), the most frequently killed by a vehicle collision, in South Korea. With 27 water deer in deer ecology center of the National Institute of Ecology, we measured the ability of water deer to jump gradually higher fences from 0.5cm by 10cm until the deterrence rate reached 100%. Our result revealed that the deterrence rate became 96.7% at the fence height of 1.5m and the rate reached 100% at the 1.8m. We believe that our result provides the fundamental information to prepare a standard of deer-proof fence height. This evidence-based standard will contribute to improving the guideline for wildlife crossing construction and management, established by Ministry of Environment Korea.

경연대회를 통한 초·중고생의 창의력 현황에 관한 연구

육근철,이희복,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,심규철,박종석,신영숙,박상태,변두원,김태균 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2002 과학교육연구 Vol.33 No.-

21세기의 정보화 산업사회와 지식기반 사회에서 우리의 아이들이 자신의 목소리로 세계 속에서 살아가게 하기 위해서는 다른 사람과 다른 아이디어를 낼 수 있도록 교육의 틀을 바꾸지 않으면 안된다. 다라서 21세기의 미래 사회를 살아갈 학생들을 가르치는 교육의 현장 역시 창의적인 인간을 길러낼 수 있도록 변해야 한다. 즉, 미래 사회를 대비하기 위해서는 각 개인의 개성을 존중하는 분위기에서 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성해야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서, 학교 안에서의 교육뿐만이 아니라 학교 밖에서도 다양한 학습 경험을 통해서 교육 과정이 추구하는 인간상을 구현할 수 있도록 활동할 수 있는 기회가 학생들에게 제공되어야 한다. 창의력을 발휘하여 문제를 해결하는 능력을 기르기 위해서는 개별적이 아닌 여러 명의 동료가 주어진 과제를 해결할 수 있는 기회를 갖고 짧은 시간이 아닌 장시간 동안 고민하고 그 해결책을 찾는 활동을 가질 기회가 필요하다. In order to educate our students with their special talents for the informational and knowledge based age expected in the 21st century, we must improve our educational programs such that students are able to create their own fresh ideas. Hence the present educational environment should be changed such that they are willing to respect others' characters and personality with their own original ideas. Therefore, we must make them have the opportunity that they can acquire many experiences through the school education and the social education program, so that they may grow up to the person with the humanity and creativity. In this study we have suggested new educational program where students engage themselves in long term research projects with collaboration of the team and creativity of individuals.

인터넷을 통한 방사선 측정 원격 제어 실험실 개발

박상태,이희복,육근철 대한방사선 방어학회 2002 방사선방어학회지 Vol.27 No.1

과학 교육에 있어서 실험의 역할은 자연 현상과 그와 관련된 원리를 이해하는데 필수적이다. 따라서, 인터넷을 통한 원격 제어 실험은 원격으로 과학 교육을 가르치기 위한 중요한 해법 중의 하나이다. 원격 실험은 오랜 시간이 걸리는 실험뿐만 아니라, 원격지 사람들끼리 협동을 통한 실험, 피교육자들이 접하기 힘든 고가의 장비가 필요한 실험, 절차가 위험한 실험 등에 적합하다. 본 연구에서는, 인터넷과 인터페이스 기술을 사용하여 원격으로 실험실 장비를 제어하는 일반적인 방법을 개발하였다. 인터넷을 통하여 사용자들은 원격으로 실제 장비를 제어하고 실험을 함으로써 핵물리를 배우게 된다. 본 연구에서는 원격실험의 응용 예로써 방사선 측정 시스템을 구성하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 원자력 발전소 주변 환경방사선 모니터링 시스템에 적용할 경우, 모니터링 값에 대한 신뢰도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The role of experiments in science education is essential for understanding the natural phenomena and principle related to a subject. Therefore, the remote control experiment via Internet is one of key solution for distance learners in science education. The remote experiments are also necessary for the time-consuming experiment which takes several days, collaborative experiment between distance learners, expensive laboratory equipment which is not usually available to students, experimental procedure which is dangerous, etc. In this study, we have developed a general method for a remote control laboratory system using internet and interface techniques. It is possible for students to learn the nuclear physics to control the real instruments and conduct physics experimentation with internet techniques. We proposed the remote control radiation measurement system as a sample application. This system could be useful for the monitoring near a nuclear power plants in order to improve the environment data credibility to the public.

21세기 지식기반사회에서 과학 탐구실험 정보화의 방향 모색

박상태,이희복,정기주,육근철 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2004 과학교육연구 Vol.35 No.-

정보와 통신공학의 발달에 따른 지식 정보화 사회에서 과학교육 특히 교수·학습과정이 중심이 되는 교실 수업은 정보통신공학(ICT)을 활용함으로써 변화되고 있다. 그러나 정보통신 그 자체가 지식 정보화 사회의 과학교육을 보장하는 것은 아니다. ICT와 교육환경과의 상호작용, 교사 역할의 변화, 지식 정보화 사회에 필요한 교수내용과 학습 방법을 위한 교수전략 변화 등이 있어야 한다. 그 방향과 내용에 대한 구체적인 제시가 따라야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 지식 정보화 사회에서 과학교육과 정보공학과는 어떤 관계에 있으며, 지식 기반사회의 중심에 있는 정보통신공학들을 과학 탐구실험에서 적절하게 활용하기 위한 예를 제시함으로써 과학 탐구실험의 방향을 탐색해 보고자 하였다. The development of information and communications technologies (ICT) is changing school education, which is a center of teaching/lession process. Information and communication technologies can not guarantee quality education appropriate for knowledge & information society. Interaction between ICT and educational environment, change in the role of teachers, and shift in teaching strategies for educational contents and learning method would be required. This paper has studied the relationship between science education and ICT, change on the role of teachers, and a direction in teaching strategies to take advantage of ICT in science education.

Microbial Community Composition in the Marine Sediments of Jeju Island: Next-Generation Sequencing Surveys

( Heebok Choi ),( Hyeon Woo Koh ),( Hongik Kim ),( Jong Chan Chae ),( Soo Je Park ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.5

Marine sediments are a microbial biosphere with an unknown physiology, and the sediments harbor numerous distinct phylogenetic lineages of Bacteria and Archaea that are at present uncultured. In this study, the structure of the archaeal and bacterial communities was investigated in the surface and subsurface sediments of Jeju Island using a next-generation sequencing method. The microbial communities in the surface sediments were distinct from those in the subsurface sediments; the relative abundance of sequences for Thaumarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria were higher in the surface than subsurface sediments, whereas the sequences for Euryarchaeota, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Deltaproteobacteria were relatively more abundant in the subsurface than surface sediments. This study presents detailed characterization of the spatial distribution of benthic microbial communities of Jeju Island and provides fundamental information on the potential interactions mediated by microorganisms with the different biogeochemical cycles in coastal sediments.