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Manoshi Hazra,Taposhi Hazra,Robert A. Spicer,Subhankar Kumar Sarkar,Teresa E.V. Spicer,Subir Bera,Mahasin Ali Khan 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.3
In situ preservation of fossil insect damage in plant fossils is an excellent tool to study the coevolution of flora and fauna through geological time, but finding both damage and the insect causing that damage in the same specimen is a very rare phenomenon. Galling is a common form of angiosperm leaf damage, which can be regarded as a kind of extended phenotype of the causal insects, essentially the gall midges, but galls usually lack remains of the insects themselves. Here we report the in situ occurrence of a gall midge (Insecta, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) as well as its pupal exuviae on the abaxial cuticular surface of fossilized leaf cuticle fragments of Fabaceae leaves (cf. Albizia) that also bear galls, recovered from the latest Neogene (Rajdanda Formation, Pliocene) sediments of the Chotonagpur Plateau, Jharkhand, northeastern India. This Pliocene gall midge features well-preserved legs, segmented antenna with distinct and enlarged scape, elongate curved setae, and longer than broad terminal plate of the ovipositor lamellae. The in situ presence of a gall midge on a host fabaceous leaf cuticle indicates the existence of a host-ectoparasite relationship in the ancient warm and humid tropical monsoon-influenced forests of eastern India during the Pliocene. This is the first authentic fossil record of an in situ phytophagous insect of Cecidomyiidae from India, as well as southeast Asia. Although the identification of the recovered phytophagous insect associated with the fossil leaf cuticle is only possible to family level, this find reveals that such plant-insect relationships existed in the Pliocene of eastern India.
Hazra, Purnima,Singh, S.K.,Jit, S. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2014 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.14 No.1
The fabrication and characterization of a Si/ZnO thin film heterojunction ultraviolet photodiode has been presented in this paper. ZnO thin film of ~100 nm thick was deposited on <100> Silicon (Si) wafer by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirms that as-deposited ZnO thin film has excellent visible-blind UV response with almost no defects in the visible region. The room temperature current-voltage characteristics of the n-ZnO thin film/p-Si photodiodes are measured under an UV illumination of $650{\mu}W$ at 365 nm in the applied voltage range of ${\pm}2V$. The current-voltage characteristics demonstrate an excellent UV photoresponse of the device in its reverse bias operation with a contrast ratio of ~ 1115 and responsivity of ~0.075 A/W at 2 V reverse bias voltage.
Test of consistency between Planck and WMAP
Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar,Shafieloo, Arman American Physical Society 2014 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.89 No.4
Within the context of the concordance model of cosmology we test the consistency of the angular power spectrum data from WMAP and Planck looking for possible systematics. The best fit concordance model to each observation is used as a mean function along with a Crossing function with an orthogonal basis to fit the data from the other observation searching for any possible deviation. We report that allowing an overall amplitude shift in the observed angular power spectra of the two observations, the best fit mean function from Planck data is consisten twith WMAP9-year data but the best fit mean function generated from WMAP-9 data is not consistent with Planck data at the 3 sigma level. This is an expected result when there is no clear systematic/tension between two observations and one of them has a considerably higher precision. We conclude that there is no clear tension between Planck and WMAP9-year angular power spectrum data from a statistical point of view (allowing the overall amplitude shift). Our result highlights the fact that while the angular power spectrum from cosmic microwave background observations is a function of various cosmological parameters, comparing individual parameters might be misleading in the presence of cosmographic degeneracies. Another main result of our analysis is the importance of the overall amplitudes of the observed spectra from Planck and WMA Pobservations. Fixing the amplitudes at their reported values results in an unresolvable tension between the two observations at more than 3 sigma level which can be a hint towards a serious systematic.
Stochastic ordering for populations of manufactured items
Hazra, Nil Kamal,Finkelstein, Maxim,Cha, Ji Hwan 한국소성가공학회 2018 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.27 No.1
<P>We develop a theory of stochastic orders for the age and the residual (remaining) lifetime for populations of manufactured identical items. The obtained theoretical results can be used by manufacturers or users for the justified decisions with respect to, e.g., the increase or decrease in the production rate or with respect to the necessary maintenance actions. Specifically, we show that if the random age of a population is smaller (resp. larger) in some stochastic sense than the defined equilibrium age, then it is also smaller (resp. larger) than the corresponding residual lifetime with respect to different stochastic orders. We discuss various stochastic comparisons between the random age and the residual lifetime for one or more populations. Some ageing properties of the random age and the residual lifetime have also been studied.</P>
Hazra, Dipak,Das, Tapas K.,Yaduraju, Nanjapur T. The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2011 Weed Biology and Management Vol.11 No.2
Soybean is the most important oilseed crop that is grown in India. Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) infests soybean heavily, causing enormous yield losses and threatening the sustainability of the soybean production system. Information on the interference and economic threshold of horse purslane will be useful for the effective management of horse purslane in soybean. This will lead to the rationalization of herbicide use and the reduction of herbicide input into the environment. It was observed in this study that "a composite stand of weeds including horse purslane', and 200 horse purslane plants per $m^2$ were equally competitive to soybean. These two treatments resulted in a higher dry weight, growth rate, and uptake of N, P, and K by the weeds and/or horse purslane, compared to the other treatments. They caused more reductions in soybean growth (dry weight, height, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, and leaf area index) and resulted in a more significant yield reduction than did the other treatments. The weed density-crop yield and the relative leaf area-crop yield models were found to be equally effective in simulating soybean yield losses in relation to a wide range of horse purslane densities and the regression equations were a good fit. The quadratic equations revealed that a density of approximately six, five, and four horse purslane plants per $m^2$ would be the economic threshold levels of horse purslane in soybean cultivation, when considering the 70, 80, and 90% horse purslane control efficiencies, respectively, of the herbicide, lactofen.
On optimal grouping and stochastic comparisons for heterogeneous items
Hazra, N.K.,Finkelstein, M.,Cha, J.H. Academic Press 2017 Journal of multivariate analysis Vol.160 No.-
In this paper, we consider series and parallel systems composed of n independent items drawn from a population consisting of m different substocks/subpopulations. We show that for a series system, the optimal (maximal) reliability is achieved by drawing all items from one substock, whereas, for a parallel system, the optimal solution results in an independent drawing of all items from the whole mixed population. We use the theory of stochastic orders and majorization orders to prove these and more general results. We also discuss possible applications and extensions.
Purnima Hazra,S. K. Singh,S. Jit 대한전자공학회 2014 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.14 No.1
The fabrication and characterization of a Si/ZnO thin film heterojunction ultraviolet photodiode has been presented in this paper. ZnO thin film of ~100 nm thick was deposited on <100> Silicon (Si) wafer by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirms that as-deposited ZnO thin film has excellent visible-blind UV response with almost no defects in the visible region. The room temperature current-voltage characteristics of the n-ZnO thin film/p-Si photodiodes are measured under an UV illumination of 650 <W at 365 nm in the applied voltage range of ±2V. The current-voltage characteristics demonstrate an excellent UV photoresponse of the device in its reverse bias operation with a contrast ratio of ~ 1115 and responsivity of ~0.075 A/W at 2 V reverse bias voltage.
Sam Hazra 세계문화관광학회 2017 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.10 No.1
This research project critically evaluates the application of stakeholder theory to the analysis of tourism destination networks. It probes the dynamics of the relationships between the tourism organisations involved using the case of Agra, India. Understanding the relationships between these organisations can explain operation of tourism and hospitality businesses at various levels within a destination. This will help not only existing and potential tourism businesses but also destination management organisations to act more effectively. This research examines the relationships of ‘urgency’ that exist between individual and group organisations and the way in which they motivate their behaviour towards each other in a tourism industry. Qualitative interviews are conducted with stakeholders (both commercial and non-commercial) in Agra tourism industry to identify and analyse the perceptions, attitudes and experiences of their relationships with others within their network. The study contributes to further understanding of the role of ‘urgency’ with respect to making a decision or carrying out an act.