‘문명’과 ‘야만’의 서사를 통한 재‘만’ 조선인의 신분 상승의 욕망

왕원원(Wang, Yuan Yuan),이해영(Li, Hai Ying) 건국대학교 인문학연구원 2021 통일인문학 Vol.87 No.-

이 논문은 ‘문명’과 ‘야만’의 대립적 서사를 통해 재‘만’ 조선인 소설에서 조선인의 신분 상승의 욕망이 어떻게 구현되었는지 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 일본인과 같은 반열에 오르려는 환상을 품었으나 진정한 국민으로 취급받지 못한 조선인에게 ‘문명’은 우위, ‘야만’은 하위라는 민족적 위계 질서가 내포되어 있는 ‘문명론’은 신분적인 낙차를 없애는 차선책이 되었다. ‘문명론’에 의해 조선인은 본민족의 ‘문명’과 우월성을 나타낼 수 있는 ‘야만’적인 ‘만주’를 발견하였고 조선인의 신분 상승의 욕망은 ‘만주국’이라는 특별한 공간에서 구현되었다. 이러한 조선인의 신분 상승의 욕망은 재‘만’ 조선인 소설의 하나의 주제로 표출되었다. 한찬숙의 「초원」은 ‘문명’을 대표하는 조선인과 ‘야만’을 상징하는 몽골인 사이에 형성된 ‘문명’화 정도의 대비를, 또한 일본인의 부재를 이용하여 조선인은 ‘만주’ 토착민 몽골인의 우위에 서고 일본인과 동등해지려는 욕망을 그대로 나타냈다. 김현숙의 「참회」는 ‘만주국’내 일본인은 우위, 조선인은 하위의 민족적 위계 질서를 그대로 유지하면서 ‘야만’적인 조선인이 ‘문명’한 일본인에 의해 구원을 받고 문명인으로 신분 상승의 가능성을 획득하는 서사를 통해 위계를 향상시키고자 하는 조선인의 욕망을 우회적으로 표출하였다. 박영준의 「밀림의 여인」은 ‘야만’적인 적대세력 공산당을 교화하는 서사를 통해 조선인 전체를 ‘만주국’ 체제에 편입시킴으로써 조선인 신분 상승의 욕망을 반영하였다. 비록 소설에 따라 욕망의 구현 형태가 다르지만 이것은 ‘문명론’을 통해 조선인의 ‘문명’과 우위를 확보하고자 했던 재‘만’ 조선인의 식민주의적 무의식이 만들어낸 허상이었다. This paper examined how the desire to improve the status of Koreans was fulfilled through the contrasting narratives of "the civilized" and "the barbarous" in the Korean immigrant novels of Manchukuo. For Koreans who were eager to obtain equal status with the Japanese but had never been treated as Japanese nationals, the hierarchical "theory of civility," which holds that "the civilized" occupies the upper position and "the barbarous" is placed in the lower position, had become the alternative choice to eliminate their status differences. With the help of the "theory of civility," Koreans found that Manchukuo"s, a "barbaric" place, highlights their national civility and status superiority; this has become one of the central themes of Manchukuo novels. Han Chan-sook"s Grassland used a comparison of the degree of civility between the Koreans who represented civility and the Mongols who symbolized barbarism, as well as the absence of the Japanese, to manifest the desire of Koreans to stand above the Manchukuo original inhabitants-Mongols and to obtain a status comparable to the Japanese. Kim Hyeon-sook"s Confession told a story about "barbaric" Koreans who were saved by the "civilized" Japanese, which provided the opportunity to improve their status as civilized persons while maintaining the national hierarchy in Manchukuo, where the Japanese were superior and the Koreans were inferior. This story implicitly shows Koreans" desire to improve the hierarchy. Park Young-joon"s Woman in the Jungle embodied the desire to improve the status of Koreans by incorporating all Koreans into the "Manchukuo" system through a narrative that edified the "barbaric" hostile forces-the Communist Party. The desires depicted in these novels, albeit with different manifestations, were illusions created by the colonial unconsciousness that internalized the "theory of civility" to confirm the civility and superiority of Koreans.

Pan-cancer Analysis of Tumor Mutational Burden and Homologous Recombination DNA Damage Repair Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing

Hai-Yun Wang,Ling Deng,Ying-Qing Li,Xiao Zhang,Ya-Kang Long,Xu Zhang,Yan-Fen Feng,Yuan He,Tao Tang,Xin-Hua Yang,Fang Wang 대한암학회 2021 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.53 No.4

Purpose Current variability in methods for tumor mutational burden (TMB) estimation and reporting demonstrates the urgent need for a homogeneous TMB assessment approach. Here, we compared TMB distributions in different cancer types using two customized targeted panels commonly used in clinical practice. Materials and Methods TMB spectra of 295- and 1021-gene panels in multiple cancer types were compared using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). The TMB distributions across a diverse cohort of 2,332 cancer cases were then investigated for their associations with clinical features. Treatment response data were collected for 222 patients who received immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their homologous recombination DNA damage repair (HR-DDR) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression were additionally assessed and compared with the TMB and response rate. Results The median TMB between gene panels was similar despite a wide range in TMB values. The highest TMB was eight and 10 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal carcinoma according to the classification of histopathology and cancer types, respectively. Twenty-three out of 103 patients (22.3%) were HR-DDR–positive and could benefit from ICI therapy; out of those 23 patients, seven patients had high TMB (p=0.004). Additionally, PD-L1 expression was not associated with TMB or treatment response among patients receiving ICIs. Conclusion Targeted NGS assays demonstrated the ability to evaluate TMB in pan-cancer samples as a tool to predict response to ICIs. In addition, TMB integrated with HR-DDR–positive status could be a significant biomarker for predicting ICI response in patients.

Health management of laser rangefinder considering maximum continuous working time

Ying Zeng,Hai-Tao Chen,Yu-Jin Wei,Yuan Chen,Hong-Zhong Huang 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.10

High-power lasers have severe thermal effects. The heat buildup during longterm operation will increase the threshold current of the laser and the internal defects, which will seriously affect the lifetime of the device. A temperature sensor is difficult to install on the laser rangefinder due to the small size of the solid-state laser device. Considering this situation, this work analyses the thermal mechanism of the laser rangefinder and proposes a temperature calculation method for the crystal working substance inside the laser rangefinder based on the finite element simulation to obtain the crystal center temperature and thermal model with the working time. Then, the prediction model of the maximum continuous working time of the laser can be obtained. The proposed model can provide an early scientific warning for the remaining continuous working time of the solid-state laser and improve the single-shot utilization of the solid-state laser to a certain extent. A comprehensive health management framework of laser rangefinders including FMEA is also proposed.

Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Relationships of Oryza Species with the B- and C-Genomes as Revealed by SSR Markers

( Ying Bao ),( Hai Fei Zhou ),( De Yuan Hong ),( Song Ge ) 한국식물학회 2006 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.49 No.5

Aberrant DNA Methylation of P16, MGMT, hMLH1 and hMSH2 Genes in Combination with the MTHFR C677T Genetic Polymorphism in Gastric Cancer

Xiong, Hai-Lin,Liu, Xun-Qi,Sun, Ai-Hua,He, Ying,Li, Jun,Xia, Yuan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Associations of P16, MGMT, hMLH1 and hMLH2 with gastric cancer and their relation with MTHFR status in gastric patients who were confirmed with pathological diagnosis were assessed. Aberrant DNA methylation of P16, MGMT, hMLH1 and hMLH2 and polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T were assayed. The proportional DNA hypermethylation in P16, MGMT, hMLH1 and hMLH2 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than in remote normal-appearing tissues. DNA hypermethylation of P16 and MGMT was correlated with the T and N stages. Individuals with homozygotes (TT) of MTHFR C677T had significant risk of hypermethylation of MGMT in cancer tissues [OR (95% CI)= 3.47(1.41-7.93)]. However, we did not find association between polymorphism in MTHFR C677T and risk of hypermethylation in P16, MGMT, hMLH1 and hMLH2 genes either in cancer or remote normal-appearing tissues. Aberrant hypermethylation of P16, MGMT, hMLH1 and hMLH2 could be predictive of gastric cancer.

Estimation of the Strength Coeffi cient and Strain Hardening Exponent from Monotonic Tensile Properties of Steels

Jing Li,Yuan-ying Qiu,Hai-dong Wang,Zhao-xi Wang 한국강구조학회 2019 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.19 No.6

In order to derive a method for estimating the strength coeffi cient and strain hardening exponent of steel, the performance parameters of 86 kinds of steel taken from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Bar Steel Fatigue Database were examined and equations that related the strength coeffi cient and strain hardening exponent to the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were developed. Correlations from the literature among the strength coeffi cient, strain hardening exponent and other monotonic tensile properties were also examined and compared to the relationships proposed in this study using the data of 86 kinds of steel. The proposed method was shown to be better used to estimate the strength coeffi cient and strain hardening exponent.

Impact of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Cycles on Prognosis of Resectable Stomach Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis

Zhang, Wen-Ying,Zhang, Wen-Jun,Bai, Yu,Yuan, Hai-Hua,Liu, Feng,Gao, Jun,Gong, Yan-Fang,Jiang, Bin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy cycles on the prognosis of patients with post-operative stomach cancer through retrospective analysis. Methods: A total of 128 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of epirubicin, cisplatin or oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil, according to a defined schedule, were divided into three groups according to the number of chemotherapy cycles: Group I (<6 cycles); Group II (6 cycles); and Group III (>6 cycles). Results: The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 20.8% in Group I, 45.0% in Group II, and 42.9% in Group III, with a median follow-up of 43 months. The 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was 15.1% in Group I, 40% in Group II, and 40% in Group III. The OS and RFS in Groups II and III were significantly better than in Group I (OS, p = 0.002 and p=0.003; RFS, P<0.001 and P=0.002). There was no difference in OS (p = 0.970) or in RFS (p = 0.722) between Groups II and III. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis determined that the number of adjuvant chemotherapy cycles was an independent factor that influenced OS and RFS. Conclusion: Six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy gave encouraging outcomes in patients with resectable gastric cancer. Further prospective randomized controlled investigations are warranted in a multi-center setting.

Enhancing mucosal immunity in mice by recombinant adenovirus expressing major epitopes of porcine circovirus-2 capsid protein delivered with cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides

Hong-tao Chang,Xiu-yuan He,Yu-Feng Liu,Lu Chen,Quan-hai Guo,Qiu-ying Yu,Jun Zhao,Xin-wei Wang,Xia Yang,Chuan-qing Wang 대한수의학회 2014 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.15 No.3

A recombinant replication-defective adenovirus expressingthe major epitopes of porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) capsidprotein (rAd/Cap/518) was previously constructed and shownto induce mucosal immunity in mice following intranasaldelivery. In the present study, immune responses induced byintranasal immunization with a combination of rAd/Cap/518and cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides(CpG ODN) were evaluated in mice. The levels ofPCV-2-specific IgG in serum and IgA in saliva, lung, andintestinal fluids were significantly higher in the groupimmunized with rAd/Cap/518 and CpG ODN than animalsimmunized with rAd/Cap/518 alone. The frequencies ofIL-2-secreting CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cellswere significantly higher in the combined immunizationgroup than mice immunized with rAd/Cap/518 alone. Thefrequencies of CD3+, CD3+CD4+CD8−, and CD3+CD4−CD8+T cells in the combined immunization group were similar tothat treated with CpG ODN alone, but significantly higherthan mice that did not receive CpG ODN. PCV-2 load afterchallenge in the combined immunization group wassignificantly lower than that in the phosphate-buffered salineplacebo group and approximately 7-fold lower in the grouptreated with CpG ODN alone. These results indicate thatrAd/Cap/518 combined with CpG ODN can enhance systemicand local mucosal immunity in mice, and represent apromising synergetic mucosal vaccine against PCV-2.

Intraperitoneal Perfusion Therapy of Endostar Combined with Platinum Chemotherapy for Malignant Serous Effusions: A Meta-analysis

Liang, Rong,Xie, Hai-Ying,Lin, Yan,Li, Qian,Yuan, Chun-Ling,Liu, Zhi-Hui,Li, Yong-Qiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18

Background: Malignant serous effusions (MSE) are one complication in patients with advanced cancer. Endostar is a new anti-tumor drug targeting vessels which exerts potent inhibition of neovascularization. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal perfusion therapy of Endostar combined with platinum chemotherapy for malignant serous effusions (MSE). Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on intraperitoneal perfusion therapy of Endostar combined with platinum chemotherapy for malignant serous effusions were searched in the electronic data of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang. The quality of RCTs was evaluated by two independent researchers and a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: The total of 25 RCTs included in the meta-analysis covered 1,253 patients, and all literature quality was evaluated as "B" grade. The meta-analysis showed that Endostar combined with platinum had an advantage over platinum alone in terms of response rate of effusions (76% vs 48%, RR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.50-1.78, P<0.00001) and improvement rate in quality of life (69% vs 44%, RR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.42-1.74, P<0.00001). As for safety, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidences of nausea and vomiting (35% vs 34%, RR=1.01, 95%CI: 0.87-1.18, P=0.88), leucopenia (38% vs 38%, RR=1, 95%CI: 0.87-1.15, P=0.99), and renal impairment (18% vs 20%, RR=0.86, 95%CI: 0.43-1.74, P=0.68). Conclusions: Endostar combined with platinum by intraperitoneal perfusion is effective for malignant serous effusions, and patient quality of life is significantly improved without the incidence of adverse reactions being obviously increased.

Improving the interfacial stability, conductivity, and electrochemical performance of Li2MoO3@g-C3N4 composite as a promising cathode for lithium-ion battery

Zhi-Xin He,Hai-Tao Yu,Fei He,Ying Xie,Lang Yuan,Ting-Feng Yi 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.119 No.-

Li-rich layered Li2MoO3 (LMO) materials are one promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries due totheir high theoretical capacity and without oxygen evolution. However, the poor electrical conductivityand air instability have limited its application as a cathode material for lithium-ion battery. To solve theseproblems, Li2MoO3/g-C3N4 composites were successfully constructed by combining the molten salt andball milling methods. Carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with an abundant nitrogen-containing carbon frameworkcontains a large number of ‘‘hole” defects and double-bonded nitrogen vacancy edges, which are favorablefor the adsorption and diffusion of Li ions. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculationsrevealed that a stable interface can be formed between g-C3N4 and LMO, which also leads to the improvementof the electronic conductivity and the reduction of interfacial impedance of the composite. Therefore, the electrochemical performance of the composite material is significantly improved. The dischargecapacity of GLMO-5 at a current density of 1700 mA g1 is 64.6 mAh/g, which is much greater thanthe value (29.9 mAh/g) of the original LMO sample under the same conditions. EIS further shows thatGLMO-5 has the highest discharge capacity with a DLi+ value of 1.94 1014 cm2 s1. These results indicatethat constructing LMO-based composites with a highly stable layered material containing unsaturatedfunctional groups should be an effective strategy to enhance the interfacial stability, electronicconductivity, and thus the electrochemical performances of the cathode materials.