Digestive Physiology and Feeding of Sika Deer

Y. Sasaki,K. Katoh,S. Oda 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1993 국제 심포지움 Vol.- No.4

꽃사슴(Cervus nippon centralis)의 소화기능은 보통 사슴과에서 보여지는 대로 계절적으로 변하며, 이는 체중의 주기적 변동에서도 나타난다. 본 평론에서는 꽃사슴의 소화관을 통한 사료이동속도의 생물학적 특성과 계절적 변화 그리고 사료 소화율을 주고 비교생리학적 관점에서 논하였다. 겨울(12월에서 2월까지)을 제외하고 수사슴은 10월에, 임신한 암사슴은 6월에 체중이 각각 감소하는데 이는 번식행위에 기인된다. 6월 출생시 약 4kg인 송아지 체중은 15개월령이면 암사슴의 경우 거의 50kg에 도달한다. 이들 꽃사슴은 야생초지에서 사육될 때 난쟁이 대나무(dwarf bamboo, Sasa nipponica) 종류를 년중 우선적으로 채식한다. 대나무와 알팔파(Medicago sativa) 건초의 소화율은 각각 50%와 60%였다. 또한 알팔파 건초의 소화율과 전체소화관에서의 평균 체류시간은 착색한 건초 또는 비소화성 플라스틱 입자를 이용하여 측정되어졌으며 그 결과는 꽃사슴과 면양 상호간에 비교되어졌다. 꽃사슴의 평균 체류시간은 면양 보다 짧았으며 그 결과 건초 성분의 소화율은 낮았다. 알팔파 건초를 체중의 2% 수준으로 급여시, 그 건초의 소화율과 통과속도의 계절적 변화를 여름(7월)과 겨율(2월)로 나뉘어 비교하였다. 소화율은 여름보다 겨울에 더 낮았고, 꽃사슴의 소화율은 면양의 소화율 보다 낮았다. 연이은 실험에서 꽃사슴에게 알팔파 건초를 무제한 급여하여 년중 네 번( 5, 8, 11, 2월)에 걸쳐 소화율과 평균 체류시간을 측정 비교하였다. 계절적으로 볼 때 봄에 평균 체류시간은 가장 길었고 소화율은 가장 낮았으며, 가을에는 상대적으로 평균 체류시간은 짧았고 소화율은 가장 높았다. 더욱이 비중이 각기 다른 비소화성 플라스틱 입자들을 이용하는 방법은 반추동물의 반추활동과 사료통과속도에 있어서의 차이를 구별하는데는 유익하였으나 계절적 변화를 평가하는데는 적합치 않았다. In sika deer (Cervus nippon centralis), the digestive function shows seasonal changes as commonly seen in the Cervidae, reflecting the cyclic fluctuation in the body weight. In this review, biological characteristics and seasonal changes in the passage of food through the digestive tract and food digestibility in sika deer were discussed mainly from the point of comparative physiology. The body weight of stags and pregnant hinds is decreased due to the reproductive behaviour in October and June, respectively, except in the winter season (December to February). The body weight of calves, around 4 kg at birth (June), almost reaches that of hinds (50 kg) at 15 months of age. They preferably eat a type of dwarf bamboo (Sasa nipponica) all through the year when fed on a wild grassland. The digestibility of Sasa and lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay, which were fed through the experiments, was 50 and 60 %, respectively. In addition, digestibility of lucerne hay and MRT (mean retention time through the whole digestive tract) were measured using stained hay and indigestible plastic particles, and compared in sika deer and domesticated sheep. The results suggested that sika deer have a shorter MRT than sheep, resulting in lower digestibility of hay components. Seasonal changes in digestibility and passage of lucerne hay were compared between summer (July) and winter (February) at a feeding level of 2 % of body weight. Digestibility in both animal species was lower in winter than in summer, and digestibility in sika deer was lower than that in sheep. In the next experiment, sika deer were fed lucerne hay ad libitum, and digestibility and MRT were compared at four times in the year (May, August, November and February). They showed the greatest MRT and the lowest digestibility in spring, but relatively small MRT and the greatest digestibility in autumn. Furthermore, it was also shown that indigestible plastic particles with various specific gravities were profitable for descriminating the difference in passage pattern as well as rumination activity in the ruminant animals, but were not suitable for assessing a seasonal change.

Improvement in the MIM Sintering Properties of 440C Stainless Steel

Soda Yuji,Hurusaki Takashi,Aihara Michitaka 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

More and more applications or demands for machine parts etc are expected for AISI 440C (hereinafter referred to as "440C") Stainless Steel because of its characteristic features, i.e. high-strength as well as high-corrosion resistance. This research has enabled us to obtain sintered products with good quality even under a wide range of temperature by utilizing the pinning effect of NbC, improving the relevant sintering feature of 440C Stainless Steel in the MIM method.

DISC1–ATF4 transcriptional repression complex: dual regulation of the cAMP-PDE4 cascade by DISC1

Soda, T,Frank, C,Ishizuka, K,Baccarella, A,Park, Y-U,Flood, Z,Park, S K,Sawa, A,Tsai, L-H Nature Publishing Group 2013 Molecular psychiatry Vol.18 No.8

<P>Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (<I>DISC1</I>), a risk factor for major mental illnesses, has been studied extensively in the context of neurodevelopment. However, the role of DISC1 in neuronal signaling, particularly in conjunction with intracellular cascades that occur in response to dopamine, a neurotransmitter implicated in numerous psychiatric disorders, remains elusive. Previous data suggest that DISC1 interacts with numerous proteins that impact neuronal function, including activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). In this study, we identify a novel DISC1 and ATF4 binding region in the genomic locus of <I>phosphodiesterase 4D</I> (<I>PDE4D</I>), a gene implicated in psychiatric disorders. We found that the loss of function of either DISC1 or ATF4 increases <I>PDE4D9</I> transcription, and that the association of DISC1 with the <I>PDE4D9</I> locus requires ATF4. We also show that <I>PDE4D9</I> is increased by D1-type dopamine receptor dopaminergic stimulation. We demonstrate that the mechanism for this increase is due to DISC1 dissociation from the <I>PDE4D</I> locus in mouse brain. We further characterize the interaction of DISC1 with ATF4 to show that it is regulated via protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of DISC1 serine-58. Our results suggest that the release of DISC1-mediated transcriptional repression of <I>PDE4D9</I> acts as feedback inhibition to regulate dopaminergic signaling. Furthermore, as DISC1 loss-of-function leads to a specific increase in <I>PDE4D9</I>, <I>PDE4D9</I> itself may represent an attractive target for therapeutic approaches in psychiatric disorders.</P>

Thermostable Pyridoxal Enzymes : Characterization and Application

Kenji Soda 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1992 한국미생물생명공학회 학술발표초록집 Vol.1992 No.1

Thermostable Enzymes : Potentialities and Application

Kenji Soda 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1993 한국미생물생명공학회 학술발표초록집 Vol.1993 No.1

Amino Acid Racemases : Their Biochemical and Biotechnological Aspects

Kenji Soda,Tohru Yoshimura,Nobuyoshi Esaki 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 1995 BIOTRANSFORMATION Vol.- No.-

POSTERS / PT-035 : ULTRATHERMOSTABLE ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASES OF HYPERTERMOPHILIC ARCHAERON , PYROCOCCUS FRIOSUS

(K . Soda),(S . Sakaguchi),(T . Oikawa) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 1999 6th IUBMB SEOUL CONFERENCE Vol.- No.-

A Critical Review on Assessment of Self Healing Performance of Bioconcrete

Prabhath Ranjan Kumar Soda,Mini K. M. 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.2

Bio concrete has been researched a lot worldwide in recent years by several researchers. Even though the concept of different self-healing strategies is not the same but the outcome is the same; to heal the cracks that occur in concrete and recover its strength and durability. Bio concrete contains spores that become active and precipitate calcite in the presence of oxygen and nutrients. As a consequence, the cracks get filled with calcite and seals the crack partially or completely. There are experimental techniques to examine self-healing efficiency in cement mortar and concrete. Experiments like the rate of water penetration and UPV are frequently used in research by several research groups. The test methodologies, protocols, specimen sizes, and shapes may differ according to the healing agent and property to be checked. Different research groups developed their own testing protocols to examine healing efficiency. The current paper made a critical review on self healing assessement with a variety of test procedures that has been used by several researchers from the invention of bio concrete till now. The methodologies are mainly to examine the viability of bacteria inside concrete, identification of calcite precipitated by bacteria, regained strength and durability after healing.

Verify the Number of Soda Bottles in the Casket by using Computer Vision

Verify the Number of Soda Bott,Pattana Intani 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Holographic dual of de Sitter universe with AdS bubbles

Kanno, S.,Sasaki, M.,Soda, J. North Holland 2012 Nuclear Physics, Section B Vol.855 No.2

We study the proposal that a de Sitter (dS) universe with an Anti-de Sitter (AdS) bubble can be replaced by a dS universe with a boundary CFT. To explore this duality, we consider incident gravitons coming from the dS universe through the bubble wall into the AdS bubble in the original picture. In the dual picture, this process has to be identified with the absorption of gravitons by CFT matter. We have obtained a general formula for the absorption probability in general d+1 spacetime dimensions. The result shows the different behavior depending on whether spacetime dimensions are even or odd. We find that the absorption process of gravitons from the dS universe by CFT matter is controlled by localized gravitons (massive bound state modes in the Kaluza-Klein decomposition) in the dS universe. The absorption probability is determined by the effective degrees of freedom of the CFT matter and the effective gravitational coupling constant which encodes information of localized gravitons. We speculate that the dual of (d+1)-dimensional dS universe with an AdS bubble is also dual to a d-dimensional dS universe with CFT matter.