방효원 선교사와 산동 선교(1886-1953)

방지일(Ji Il Pang) 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2007 선교와 신학 Vol.19 No.-

Although there were three missionaries, i.e., Sa Byungsoon, Park Taero, Kim Younghoon, who pioneered Chinese mission in its earliest stage, in my view it were Pang Hyowon, my father, and Hong Soonghan, my uncle, who laid foundation for it. It is a commendable thing for the Korean Church to devote itself to mission and decide to send international missionaries in its less than thirty-year experience. It is grace of God. Since then up to the deportation of foreign missionaries by Communist regime in 1957, which brought Shandong mission to a temporary halt, we witness continuous growth of the seeds of the gospel, sawn in Chinese soil. This paper surveys Pang Hyowon’s ministry background in the period of 1886-1917, and then his missionary activities in China with special reference to Shandong, the main area of his works in 1917-1935. I hope continuous discovery and research upon the documents, revealing the works of Korean missionaries in China, to meet the worldwide expectation for the study of Korean mission history.

Pang Hyowon and His missionary Work in Shandong(1886-1953)

Ji Il Pang 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2007 선교와 신학 Vol.19 No.-

GaAs / AlGaAs Directional Coupler High Speed Optical Modulator with Asymmetric Coplanar strip Traveling Wave Electrode

Jia Pang Pang,Kunio Tada,Yoshiaki Nakano 한국통신학회 1997 OPTOELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE Vol.2 No.1

해수면변화와 해저지형에 의한 난류수의 순환과 그 기원

방익찬 ( Ig Chan Pang ),오임상 ( Im Sang Oh ) 한국수산학회 1995 한국수산과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

우리나라, 일본, 러시아 해역에서 관측된 조위관측자료에서 얻은 해수면의 장주기변화를 기상과의 관계로 분석해 본 결과, 기상의 효과는 해역에 따라 다르지만 전반적으로 해수면변화의 절반 정도를 설명해주는 것으로 나타났다. 해수운동에 의하여 발생하는 해수면변화는 대마해류역에서 가장 크며 대마해류의 영향을 적게 받는 곳일수록 작아져 해수면변화가 대마해류와 관계있음을 보여준다. 순압해수면 변화가 허용된 수치모델을 사용하여 해수면변화가 해수순환에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 그 결과 기본적인 해류형태는 Pang et al.(1993)에 의해 수행된 GCM(Semtner)모델의 결과와 같이 대만 주변해역에서 지균형조정을 거친 후 등수심선을 따라 대한해협으로 흐르지만, 순압해수면 변화의 허용에 의해 일부 해수가 황해의 중앙을 따라 황해로 유입된 후 서해안을 따라 남하하여 유출되는 황해의 기본순환형태가 나타났다. 이와함께 쿠로시오해류에 변화를 가할 때 순압해수면 변화에 의해 대륙붕에 장주기파동이 뚜렷해지며 이 파동으로 황해의 기본순환형태가 교란되어 해수가 서해안을 따라 북상하는 순환형태도 나타났다. 황해순환은 겨울철에는 기본순환형태가 북서계절풍에 의해 강화되고 여름철에는 파동에 의해 교란된 순환구조에 남동계절풍이 합세하는 것으로 보인다. 장주기파동에 의해 나타나는 다른 특징은 대마해류 기원해역의 변화 가능성이다. 지금까지 대마해류의 기원해역은 크게 큐슈섬 남서해역과 대만 주변해역으로 대립되어 왔다. 그러나 이 연구결과는 이들은 서로 위배되는 것이라기 보다는 대마해류 기원의 중요한 두 해역이며 장주기파동에 의해 한쪽이 강화되어 나타나는 것을 보인다. 쿠로시오해류의 변화에 의해 대만 주변해역에 가해진 파동은 강제파로 대한해협으로 전파되며 대한해협에 이르러 일본연안의 파동은 동해로 계속 전파되는 반면, 우리나라 연안의 파동은 해저지형에 의해 반사하게 된다. 반사된 파동은 자유파로 동중국해 대륙붕을 따라 남서방향으로 진행하며 북동방향으로 진행하는 강제파와 더불어 동중국해의 해수면변화를 결정하게 된다. The analysis of long-period sea level variations with tidal record data around Korea, Japan, and Russia shows that about half of the variations are due to atmospheric influences. The sea level variation by water movements is the largest in the coasts along the Tsushima Current, and becomes smaller in the distant areas. It suggests that the sea level varications are related with the Tsushima Current. The effect of sea level variations to ocean circulation has been studied with a numerical model allowing barotropic sea level fluctuations. Like the result with GCM (Semtner) model by Pang et al. (1993), the present model also shows that waters basically flow along isobaths over the East China Sea after geostrophic adjustment around Taiwan. However, barotropic sea level fluctuation makes the basic circulation in the Yellow Sea, which waters flow into the central Yellow Sea and out along the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Besides this, barotropic sea level fluctuation makes long period waves over the shelf area as the Kuroshio varies. By the waves, the basic circulation in the Yellow Sea is disturbed, so that the flow pattern of oppositely flowing into the Yellow Sea along the west coast of the Korean Peninsula appears. In the Yellow Sea circulation, it seems that northwest winds strengthen the basic circulat ion in winter, and southeast winds strengthen the disturbed circulation in summer. Another point appeared by the long period wave is that the Tsushima Current possibly originates in different areas. There have been two opposing argues on the area in which the Tsushima Current originates: the southwest sea of Kyushu Island and the adjacent sea of Taiwan. Through this study, we found that both of them seem to be important areas for the origin of the Tsushima Current, and one of them is possibly strengthened by long period waves. The long period waves given by the variation of the Kuroshio Current in the adjacent sea of Taiwan propagate to the Korea Strait as forced waves. The wave continuously propagates to the East Sea through the eastern channel, but reflects in the western channel due to bottom topography. The reflected waves propagate southwestward along the East China Sea as free waves and determine the sea level variations with forced waves.

PRECISE RATES IN THE LAW OF THE LOGARITHM FOR THE MOMENT CONVERGENCE OF I.I.D. RANDOM VARIABLES

Pang, Tian-Xiao,Lin, Zheng-Yan,Jiang, Ye,Hwang, Kyo-Shin Korean Mathematical Society 2008 대한수학회지 Vol.45 No.4

Let {$X,\;X_n;n{\geq}1$} be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables. Set $S_n=X_1+X_2+{\cdots}+X_n,\;M_n=\max_{k{\leq}n}|S_k|,\;n{\geq}1$. Then we obtain that for any -1<b<1/2, $\lim\limits_{{\varepsilon}{\searrow}0}\;{\varepsilon}^{2b+2}\sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty\;{\frac {(log\;n)^b}{n^{3/2}}\;E\{M_n-{\varepsilon}{\sigma}\sqrt{n\;log\;n\}+=\frac{2\sigma}{(b+1)(2b+3)}\;E|N|^{2b+3}\sum\limits_{k=0}^\infty\;{\frac{(-1)^k}{(2k+1)^{2b+3}$ if and only if EX=0 and $EX^2={\sigma}^2<{\infty}$.

Free Shelf Waves over a Linear Double Shelf as in the Yellow Sea

Pang,Ig-chan 제주대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.34 No.-

황해의 양향성 대륙붕 해저지형에서 저주파의 분산관계가 우선 장파에 대해 유도되었고,다음에 단파로 확장되었다. 확장된 경우에는 Hypergenometric함수가 유도된다. 단일한 대륙붕에서는 해안선과 수직한 방향의 대륙붕규모가 Rossby deformation radius에 비새 많이 작을 때는 수평흐름의 수렴.발산효과가 무시 되지만 양향성 대륙붕에서는 수평흐름의 수렴.발산효과가 해안선과 수직한 방향의 대륙붕규모에 관계없이 파동역학에 결정적으로 중요하다. 비마찰 eigenfunction 들의 직교가 증명되었다. .

Study on female reading from the perspective of reading promotion

( Pang Shumei ) 인문사회과학예술융합학회 2020 인문사회과학예술융합학회지 Vol.4 No.1

female readers are one of the important objects of reading promotion, but at present, the reading of female readers in China is not valued, and there are few reading promotion activities for female readers. Female reading has the status quo of less reading time and entertainment. This paper studies the current situation of female reading, analyzes its reasons, and gives the corresponding strategies of library reading promotion through the content of female reading.

Yet Another Possible Mechanism for Anomalous Transport: Theory, Numerical Method, and Experiments

Pang-jo Chun,Junya Inoue 대한토목학회 2012 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.16 No.1

Recently there has been considerable interest in anomalous transport in porous media. An Advection-Dispersion Equation (ADE)is widely used as a governing equation of contaminant migration, however there have been a number of reports that ADE does not express observational and experimental data. This clear discrepancy is attributed to insufficient knowledge about the mechanism of anomalous transport. The primary objective of this study is to present the possible mechanism of anomalous transport analytically by investigating the effect of viscosity on the dispersion process from the equation of Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW). In addition, a method, which predicts contaminant migration not only in homogeneous material but also in heterogeneous material, has developed by combining the clarified mechanism and streamline method. Streamline is discretized to infinitesimal passes and CTRW which describes contaminant transportation is numerically integrated in the passes. Results obtained from the developed method have agreed well with experimental results of this research.

Dual-Domain Connection Scheme for HE-AAC and MPEG Surround

Pang, Hee-Suk The Acoustical Society of Korea 2009 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.28 No.e1

MPEG4 High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC) and MPEG Surround are one of the most efficient combinations for low bit rate multi-channel audio coding. Based on the fact that these two codecs have identical quadrature mirror filter (QMF) analysis and synthesis structures, we propose a dual-domain connection scheme for the codecs. Specifically two time-domain connection methods are analyzed and compared to the QMF subband-domain connection method. Experimental results show that both the time-domain connection methods cause no subjective sound quality degradation compared to the QMF subband-domain connection method, which verifies that one can select either of them depending on application scenarios.

A SELF-NORMALIZED LIL FOR CONDITIONALLY TRIMMED SUMS AND CONDITIONALLY CENSORED SUMS

Pang Tian Xiao,Lin Zheng Yan Korean Mathematical Society 2006 대한수학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Let {$X,\;X_n;n\;{\geq}\;1$} be a sequence of ${\imath}.{\imath}.d.$ random variables which belong to the attraction of the normal law, and $X^{(1)}_n,...,X^{(n)}_n$ be an arrangement of $X_1,...,X_n$ in decreasing order of magnitude, i.e., $\|X^{(1)}_n\|{\geq}{\cdots}{\geq}\|X^{(n)}_n\|$. Suppose that {${\gamma}_n$} is a sequence of constants satisfying some mild conditions and d'($t_{nk}$) is an appropriate truncation level, where $n_k=[{\beta}^k]\;and\;{\beta}$ is any constant larger than one. Then we show that the conditionally trimmed sums obeys the self-normalized law of the iterated logarithm (LIL). Moreover, the self-normalized LIL for conditionally censored sums is also discussed.