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Telugu maatram: A Morpheme that Agrees with an only-Operator
Isaac Gould 한국생성문법학회 2018 생성문법연구 Vol.28 No.3
Gould, Isaac. 2018. Telugu maatram: A Morpheme that Agrees with an only-Operator. Studies in Generative Grammar, 28-3, 365-388. This paper provides an initial description of Telugu (Dravidian) maatram, a morpheme that indicates the semantics of an exhaustivity operator (akin to English only), which I call an only-Operator. The distribution of maatram has an interesting property: a VP-internal maatram appears to require the associate of this operator to be the entire VP. Accounting for this poses a challenge to a straightforward mapping between the form maatram and the meaning of the operator. In response to this challenge, I propose dissociating the semantic force of exhaustification from the morpheme maatram. Thus I propose that there are phonologically null semantic only-Operators, and that maatram is an overt morpho-syntactic marker that instead plays a role in indicating the associate of these operators. Crucially, an operator and maatram are involved in a relation of syntactic agreement, and the locality of this relation allows us to account for the distribution of maatram and the associate of the operator.
Daniel Gould,Sarah Carson 한국코칭능력개발원 2011 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.5 No.2
The link between young athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ behaviors and their own developmental experiences (e.g., opportunities to practice and cultivate personal assets such as leadership, emotion regulation, problem solving, interpersonal skills, etc.) were examined, as well as gender and sport type differences in the reported experiences. Participants were 297 male (41%) and female (59%) junior high and high school student-athletes. All participants completed the Youth Experiences Scale-2 (a measure of positive and negative development experiences), the Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport (a measure of various coaching actions such as mental preparation, positive personal rapport, etc.) and a compilation of items that assessed specific coaching actions targeting the development of life skills (e.g., the degree a coach talked about transferring what is learned in sport to one’s life) for athletes’ primary sport. Linear regression results indicated that several coaching behaviors (e.g., negative rapport and coaching life skills) were significant predictors of the positive and negative developmental experiences assessed. Additionally, a canonical correlation revealed two significant functions, which indicated relationships between perceived coaching behaviors (e.g., positive and negative coaching rapport, helping athletes to develop competition strategies, and coaching life skills behaviors) and athletes’ perceived developmental sport experiences (e.g., identity development, initiative, teamwork and social skills). Finally, gender and sport type differences in athletes’ reported developmental experiences were examined, with significant differences detected between males and females as well as individual and team sport participants and athletes participating in contact, collision and non-/limited-contact sports. Results support previous research by Gould and Carson (2010) and Larsen, Hansen, and Moneta (2006), with the roles of initiative-building as a sport related life skill experience and coach-athlete relationships as key developmental facilitators being emphasized.
OSCULATING VERSUS INTERSECTING CIRCLES IN SPACE-BASED MICROLENS PARALLAX DEGENERACIES
Andrew Gould 한국천문학회 2019 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.52 No.4
I investigate the origin of arc degeneracies in satellite microlens parallax π E measurements with only late time data, e.g., t > t 0 + t E as seen from the satellite. I show that these are due to partial overlap of a series of osculating, exactly circular, degeneracies in the π E plane, each from a single measurement. In events with somewhat earlier data, these long arcs break up into two arclets, or (with even earlier data) two points, because these earlier measurements give rise to intersecting rather than osculating circles. The two arclets (or points) then constitute one pair of degeneracies in the well-known four-fold degeneracy of space-based microlens parallax. Using this framework of intersecting circles, I show that next-generation microlens satellite experiments could yield good π E determinations with only about five measurements per event, i.e., about 30 observations per day to monitor 1500 events per year. This could plausibly be done with a small (hence cheap, in the spirit of Gould & Yee 2012) satellite telescope, e.g., 20 cm.
MOA-2010-BLG-523: “FAILED PLANET” = RS CVn STAR
Gould, A.,Yee, J. C.,Bond, I. A.,Udalski, A.,Han, C.,Jørgensen, U. G.,Greenhill, J.,Tsapras, Y.,Pinsonneault, M. H.,Bensby, T.,Allen, W.,Almeida, L. A.,Bos, M.,Christie, G. W.,DePoy, D. L.,Dong, Subo IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.763 No.2
<P>The Galactic bulge source MOA-2010-BLG-523S exhibited short-term deviations from a standard microlensing light curve near the peak of an A(max) similar to 265 high-magnification microlensing event. The deviations originally seemed consistent with expectations for a planetary companion to the principal lens. We combine long-term photometric monitoring with a previously published high-resolution spectrum taken near peak to demonstrate that this is an RS CVn variable, so that planetary microlensing is not required to explain the light-curve deviations. This is the first spectroscopically confirmed RS CVn star discovered in the Galactic bulge.</P>
LOCALLY SEMICOMPLETE DIGRAPHS WITH A FACTOR COMPOSED OF k CYCLES
Gould, Ronald J.,Guo, Yubao Korean Mathematical Society 2004 대한수학회지 Vol.41 No.5
A digraph is locally semicomplete if for every vertex $\chi$, the set of in-neighbors as well as the set of out-neighbors of $\chi$ induce semicomplete digraphs. Let D be a k-connected locally semicomplete digraph with k $\geq$ 3 and g denote the length of a longest induced cycle of D. It is shown that if D has at least 7(k-1)g vertices, then D has a factor composed of k cycles; furthermore, if D is semicomplete and with at least 5k + 1 vertices, then D has a factor composed of k cycles and one of the cycles is of length at most 5. Our results generalize those of [3] for tournaments to locally semicomplete digraphs.
FREE-FLOATING PLANETS, THE EINSTEIN DESERT, AND 'OUMUAMUA
Gould, Andrew,Jung, Youn Kil,Hwang, Kyu-Ha,Dong, Subo,Albrow, Michael D.,Chung, Sun-Ju,Han, Cheongho,Ryu, Yoon-Hyun,Shin, In-Gu,Shvartzvald, Yossi,Yang, Hongjing,Yee, Jennifer C.,Zang, Weicheng,Cha, S The Korean Astronomical Society 2022 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.55 No.5
We complete the survey for finite-source/point-lens (FSPL) giant-source events in 2016-2019 KMTNet microlensing data. The 30 FSPL events show a clear gap in Einstein radius, 9 𝜇as < 𝜃<sub>E</sub> < 26 𝜇as, which is consistent with the gap in Einstein timescales near t<sub>E</sub> ~ 0.5 days found by Mróz et al. (2017) in an independent sample of point-source/point-lens (PSPL) events. We demonstrate that the two surveys are consistent. We estimate that the 4 events below this gap are due to a power-law distribution of free-floating planet candidates (FFPs) dN<sub>FFP</sub>/d log M = (0.4 ± 0.2) (M/38 M<sub>⊕</sub>)<sup>-p</sup>/star, with 0.9 ≲ p ≲ 1.2. There are substantially more FFPs than known bound planets, implying that the bound planet power-law index 𝛾 = 0.6 is likely shaped by the ejection process at least as much as by formation. The mass density per decade of FFPs in the Solar neighborhood is of the same order as that of 'Oumuamua-like objects. In particular, if we assume that 'Oumuamua is part of the same process that ejected the FFPs to very wide or unbound orbits, the power-law index is p = 0.89 ± 0.06. If the Solar System's endowment of Neptune-mass objects in Neptune-like orbits is typical, which is consistent with the results of Poleski et al. (2021), then these could account for a substantial fraction of the FFPs in the Neptune-mass range.
OGLE-2011-BLG-0417: A RADIAL VELOCITY TESTBED FOR MICROLENSING
Gould, Andrew,Shin, In-Gu,Han, Cheongho,Udalski, Andrzej,Yee, Jennifer C. IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.768 No.2
<P>Microlensing experiments are returning increasingly detailed information about the planetary and binary systems that are being detected, far beyond what was originally expected. In several cases the lens mass and distance are measured, and a few very special cases have yielded complete eight-parameter Kepler solutions, i.e., the masses of both components, five Kepler invariants, and the phase. We identify one such case that is suitable for a precision test that could be carried out by comparing Doppler radial velocity (RV) measurements with the predictions from the microlensing solution. The lens primary is reasonably bright (I = 16.3, V = 18.2) and is expected to have a relatively large RV semi-amplitude (K similar to 6.35 km s(-1)).</P>