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Hypersurface Constrained Elasticae in Lorentzian Space Forms
Garay, Ó,scar J.,Pá,mpano, Á,lvaro,Woo, Changhwa Hindawi Limited 2015 Advances in mathematical physics Vol.2015 No.-
<P>We study geodesics in hypersurfaces of a Lorentzian space formM1n+1(c), which are critical curves of theM1n+1(c)-bending energy functional, for variations constrained to lie on the hypersurface. We characterize critical geodesics showing that they live fully immersed in a totally geodesicM13(c)and that they must be of three different types. Finally, we consider the classification of surfaces in the Minkowski 3-space foliated by critical geodesics.</P>
Garay, A.A.,Hwang, S.M.,Choi, J.H.,Min, B.C.,Chung, C.W. Pergamon Press [etc.] 2015 Vacuum Vol.119 No.-
The etch characteristics of TiN hard mask patterned CoFeB thin films were investigated using an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching in a CH<SUB>3</SUB>COOH/Ar gas mixture. The etch characteristics of CoFeB magnetic thin film and TiN hard masks were investigated as a function of gas mixture concentration, coil rf power, dc-bias voltage and gas pressure. As CH<SUB>3</SUB>COOH concentration in the CH<SUB>3</SUB>COOH/Ar gas mixture increased, the etch rates of CoFeB films and degree of anisotropy in the etch profile decreased, while increased coil rf-power and dc bias voltage and reduced gas pressure increased the etch rate and improved the etch profile. Additionally, a thick hydrocarbon layer was formed on the film surface at a dc-bias voltage of 100 V. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical emission spectroscopy analyses of the etched films at various CH<SUB>3</SUB>COOH concentrations suggest that CoFeB thin films etched in a CH<SUB>3</SUB>COOH/Ar gas mixture follow a physical sputtering etch mechanism assisted by oxidation of the film and formation of a protective inhibition layer on the film surface. Etching of TiN patterned CoFeB films with a high degree of anisotropy was accomplished without redepositions or etch residues when conducted under high sputtering conditions.
Garay, A. A.,Choi, J. H.,Hwang, S. M.,Chung, C. W. The Electrochemical Society 2015 ECS solid state letters Vol.4 No.10
<P>The etch characteristics of hard masked MTJ (Magnetic Tunnel Junctions) stacks were investigated using inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching in a CH3COOH/Ar gas mixture as a function of gas mixture concentration and etch time. A high degree of anisotropy in the etch profile and fast etch rates were achieved when the MTJ stacks were etched in the CH3COOH/Ar gas mixture. When etched in 25% CH3COOH for 3 min, a stack: space ratio of 1:1 was obtained and EDS analysis showed no significant redeposition along the sidewall. A high degree of anisotropy was accomplished without redepositions or etch residues. 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.</P>
Garay, Adrian Adalberto,Hwang, Su Min,Chung, Chee Won Elsevier 2015 Vacuum Vol.111 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The inductively coupled plasma etching characteristics of Co<SUB>2</SUB>MnSi thin films patterned using a TiN hard mask were investigated by the addition of CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH to Ar gas. As the CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH concentration increased, the etch rates of Co<SUB>2</SUB>MnSi magnetic thin films and TiN hard mask decreased, but the etch profile improved. The effects of rf power, dc-bias voltage and gas pressure on the etch rate and etch profile were also investigated. The etch rate and etch profile degree of anisotropy increased with increasing rf power and dc-bias voltage and decreasing gas pressure. Optical emission spectroscopy analysis revealed that [H], [O], [CO], [OH], [CH<SUB>3</SUB>O] and [Ar] species in the CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH/Ar plasma played a key role in achieving a good etch profile.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> ICPRIE of Co<SUB>2</SUB>MnSi films was investigated using a CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH/Ar. </LI> <LI> As CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH concentration increased etch rate and etch profile anisotropy increased. </LI> <LI> By increasing rf power and dc-bias etch rate and etch profile anisotropy increased. </LI> <LI> Decreasing pressure increased etch rate and degree of anisotropy. </LI> <LI> OES analysis was done to understand etch mechanism. </LI> </UL> </P>
USER ENGAGEMENT IN FESTIVALS’ VIRTUAL BRAND COMMUNITIES: SÓNAR FESTIVAL TWITTER AND FACEBOOK
Lluís Garay,Soledad Morales 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
Festival branding is undergoing a revolution based on the consolidation of new communicative behaviours in virtual brand communities (VBC), above all channelled through social media platforms (Hudson & Hudson, 2013; MacKay, Barbe, Van Winkle, & Halpenny, 2017). Although generic literature (Dessart, Veloutsou, & Morgan-Thomas, 2015) has highlighted the role of user engagement in VBC, there are no in-depth analyses of how users modulate engagement attributes and behaviours and how they are related to festival branding, as well as other possible and sometimes interrelated drivers (social capital creation, place making). Thus, this paper aims to characterise these elements in festivals’ VBC to cover these shortcomings. This proposal performs a multi-platform, multi-period, multi-user and mixed-method analysis of nearly 2,150 references in the Twitter and Facebook VBC of one of the most prominent music festivals in Europe, Sónar (Barcelona). Results show the benefits for organisers (and other relevant users) of jointly understanding these elements (and their mutual relationships) with the aim of retaining various positive economic and social impacts.
Romero-Garay Martha Guillermina,Martínez-Montaño Emmanuel,Hernández-Mendoza Adrián,Vallejo-Cordoba Belinda,González-Córdova Aarón Fernando,Montalvo-González Efigenia,García-Magaña María de Lourdes 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.4
In the present study, we evaluated new sources of plant proteases from fruits of Bromelia karatas (BK) and Bromelia pinguin (BP) to obtain antioxidant hydrolyzates/bioactive peptides (BPs) derived from chicken by-products (CH) and fish by-products (FH). The profile of the peptides was identified by reverse-phase high-resolution liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and the size weight distribution by molecular exclusion chromatography (SEC). The hydrolysates obtained with BK in both sources of by-products showed greater antioxidant capacity compared to those obtained with BP, presenting similar or higher values when compared to a commercial plant enzyme. The use of new sources of plant proteases allowed to obtain hydrolysates of hydrophilic character with a high percentage (> 50%) of peptides with molecular weights < 17.5 kDa from chicken and fish by-products. Therefore, based on the results obtained in antioxidant capacity it is possible to consider the hydrolysates as potential ingredients, food additives, and pharmaceutical products.
Aculturación Y Estilos de Vida de Los Migrantes Mexicanos en Estados Unidos
Sagrario Garay Villegas,Juan Martell Muñoz 부산외국어대학교 이베로아메리카연구소 2015 이베로아메리카 Vol.17 No.1
El flujo migratorio de mexicanos que se dirigen a Estados Unidos es un hecho conocido y documentado desde hace varias décadas. Las variaciones en las características de los migrantes y en su monto hace que cada vez se torne más complejo el estudio de este fenómeno, y al mismo tiempo permite que se deriven una serie de temas asociados con el desplazamiento, la adaptación de los migrantes en el país receptor y las implicaciones que se originan tanto en los migrantes como en su entorno. En particular en este artículo se tiene como objetivo principal mostrar el papel de la aculturación (vista a través del dominio del idioma inglés) en los estilos de vida de los migrantes mexicanos en Estados Unidos. Para llevar a cabo lo anterior se hace una discusión amplia sobre los procesos migratorios, la aculturación y los estilos de vida de los migrantes; además a partir de la Hispanic Health Care Survey 2007, se realiza una aproximación empírica de los estilos de vida de los migrantes mexicanos más y menos aculturizados. Palabras Clave: Migrantes, Aculturación, Estilos de Vida y Salud. The flow of Mexicans who go to the United States has been studied for several decades. The changes in the amount and the characteristics of the migrants makes more and more complex the study of this phenomenon and, at the same time, it allows to derive a number of issues associated with their displacement, the adaptation of migrants in the host country and the implications that arise both migrants and their context. In particular in this article is aimed to show the role of acculturation (view through the dominance of the English language) on lifestyles of Mexican migrants in the United States. To carry out the above we present a wide discussion on migratory processes, acculturation and the lifestyles of migrants. In addition, we use as source of data the Hispanic Health Care Survey 2007, like an empirical approximation to show the relation between acculturation, lifestyles and health of the Mexican migrants in United States. Key Words: Migrants, Acculturation, Lifestyles and Health
Barcelona, a Leader Destination in Cruise-passenger Tourism: Keys, Impacts and Facts
Lluis A. Garay,Gemma Cànoves Valiente,Josep Mª Prat Forga 한국관광학회 2014 International Journal of Tourism Sciences Vol.14 No.1
The aim of this research is to estimate the economic and social impacts of cruise tourism. For it, the work paper explores the boom in cruise-passenger tourism in the city of Barcelona in recent decades. After many years as a marginal source of tourism activity, cruise ships have become one of the symbols of the city’s tourism development, especially since the 1992 Olympic Games. The cooperation between public and private institutions has been a key factor. The study reported here included a survey made to local residents in order to estimate the social and economic impact of cruise ship tourism. Therefore, this article examines the combination of appropriate collaboration between public and private institutions, the appropriate promotional efforts of the Barcelona Tourism consortium, and the ongoing investments made in recent years to improve the city’s urban and cruise-port infrastructure. These were the fundamental elements in the spectacular surge in this type of tourism, which has positioned Barcelona as a world leader in this sector. Finally, the study shows how residents also reported the positive impact of cruisers and their passengers, wich is very important for drafting the strategic direction for cruise tourism development already under way in Barcelona.
C. G. Garay-Reyes,S. E. Hernández-Martínez,J. L. Hernández-Rivera,J. J. Cruz-Rivera,E. J. Gutiérrez-Castañeda,H. J. Dorantes-Rosales,J. Aguilar-Santillan,R. Martínez-Sánchez 대한금속·재료학회 2017 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.23 No.2
According to Lifshitz, Slyozov, and Wagner (LSW) and Trans-Interface Diffusion-Controlled (TICD) theoreticalmodels, this paper reports the microstructure and its coarsening behavior of γ' metastable-coherentprecipitates in concentration gradient of Ni-13.75Ti (at%)/Ni generated by diffusion couple. The coarseningof precipitates was evaluated in two different Ti contents (R1-11.4Ti (at%) and R2-13Ti (at%)) generated alongthe concentration gradient and includes average size, size distributions and growth rate. The solvus andmetastable-coherent bimodal lines as determined at 850 °C of 9.16 (at%) and 9.92Ti (at%) respectively byscanning electron microscopy. This paper suggests that elastic strains produced by the matrix/precipitate latticemismatch caused significant deviations between the experimental results and those predicted by the LSW or TIDCtheories. Activation energies for TIDC (Qi) and LSW (Qr) are Qr: 219.69 and 172.61 kJ mol-1for R1 and R2regions, respectively, and Qi: 218.46 and 164.56 kJmol-1for R1 and R2 regions, respectively. A concentration gradientallows the study of various alloys with different concentration and volume-fraction in a single sample.