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Garam Jo,Hannah Oh,Gitanjali M. Singh,Dahyun Park,Min-Jeong Shin 한국영양학회 2020 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.14 No.4
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary factors are important contributors to cardiometabolic and cancer mortality. We examined the secular trends of nine dietary factors (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds, milk, red meat, processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, and calcium) and the associated burdens of cardiometabolic and cancer mortality in Korea using representative cross-sectional survey data from 1998 to 2016. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using dietary data from Korean adults aged ≥ 25 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we characterized secular trends in intake levels. We performed comparative risk assessment to estimate the population attributable fraction and the number of cardiometabolic and cancer deaths attributable to each dietary factor. RESULTS: A total of 231,148 cardiometabolic and cancer deaths were attributable to nine dietary risk factors in Korea from 1998 to 2016. Suboptimal intakes of fruits and whole grains were the leading contributors. Although the intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains moderately improved over time, the intake levels in 2016 (192.1 g/d, 225.6 g/d, and 10.9 g/d, respectively) remained far below the optimal levels. Deaths attributable to the low intakes of nuts and seeds (4.5 g/d), calcium (440.5 mg/d), and milk (37.1 g/d) and the high intakes of red meat (54.7 g/d), processed meat (4.7 g/d), and sugar-sweetened beverages (33.0 g/d) increased since 1998. Compared with older age groups (≥ 45 years), more unfavorable changes in dietary patterns were observed in the younger population aged 25–44 years, including more sharply increased intakes of processed meat. CONCLUSIONS: We observed improvement in the intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and unfavorable changes in the intakes of processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages over the past few decades. Our data suggest that to reduce the chronic disease burden in Korea, more effective nutritional policies and interventions are needed to target these dietary risk factors.
Effects of virtual reality exercise for Korean adults with schizophrenia in a closed ward
Garam Jo,Brenda Rossow-Kimball,Gwitaek Park,Yongho Lee 한국운동재활학회 2018 JER Vol.14 No.1
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of virtual reality exercise (VRE) using Nintendo Wii-Fit on physical fitness of Korean adults with schizophrenia living in a mental health facility located in South Korea. Two male participants diagnosed with schizophrenia, ages 53 and 61, were recruited and selected for inclusion in this study. The intervention using the Nintendo Wii-Fit consisted of 35-min ses-sions, 3 times per week for 8 weeks and was facilitated by the primary researcher and two graduate students. The senior fitness test and 10-m walking test were used to measure the physical functioning, specifical-ly, physical fitness and mobility, of the participants. The study was divid-ed into three phases using an A-B-A single-subject design and involved multiple repeated measures of functional physical fitness. Both partici-pants were evaluated each week for the duration of 18 weeks. Both participants exhibited measureable improvement in some of the physi-cal fitness measures, but not in the mobility. These results thus provide preliminary evidence to support the use of VRE to improve physical function for Korean adults with schizophrenia as an alternative exercise regimen to the conventional exercise.
Yongdae Jang,Garam Choi,Inseong Jo,Sang Ho Choi,Nam-Chul Ha 한국구조생물학회 2017 Biodesign Vol.5 No.1
LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) belong to the largest family of transcriptional regulators in prokaryotes. However, the crystal structures of only a few full-length LTTRs have been determined. LTTR HypT (also known as YjiE or QseD) from Escherichia coli specifically senses hypochlorite to protect oxidation damage by hypochlorite generated by the host immune system. In the genome of the highly virulent bacteria, Vibrio vulnificus, VV2_1132 showed the highest sequence similarity to E. coli HypT. In this study, we overexpressed full-length VV2_1132 in an E. coli expression system and crystallized the protein. The crystal diffracted X-rays to 2.2 Å resolution and belonged to the orthogonal space group P2 1 2 1 2, with unit cell parameters a = 57.8, b = 113.5, and c = 220.7 Å. Cell content analysis predicted that the asymmetric unit may contain four molecules of VV2_1132. For the case of four molecules in the asymmetric unit, the Matthews coefficient was 2.70 Å 3 /Da with a solvent content of 54.5%. We are currently identifying the crystal structure of VV2_1132 using anomalous signals from selenomethione-substituted crystals. This crystal structure will help elucidate the function and action mechanism of VV2_1132, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus.
Highly efficient dual anthracene core derivatives through optimizing side groups for blue emission
Lee, Hayoon,Jo, Minjin,Yang, Garam,Jung, Hyocheol,Kang, Seokwoo,Park, Jongwook Elsevier 2017 Dyes and pigments Vol.146 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>TP-AA-TPB, TP-AA-TPB, TPB-AA-TPB, TP-AA-DPA, TP-AA-TPA, and TPB-AA-TPA were synthesized using a 9,9'-bianthracene (AA core). Through a systematic side group change, we optimized the dual-core chromophore system and investigated the relationship between the core and the side groups. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption of the six materials showed an intrinsic absorption peaks of anthracene in the range of 360 nm–410 nm and photoluminescence (PL) emission in the blue region. The minimum decomposition temperatures (T<SUB>d</SUB>) was 425 °C, the minimum melting temperatures (T<SUB>m</SUB>) was 335 °C, and the minimum glass transition temperatures (T<SUB>g</SUB>) was 176 °C. We achieved excellent overall electroluminescence (EL) efficiency in non-doped OLED devices using the six synthesized materials as emitting layer (EML). TPB-AA-TPA synthesized through size and polarity optimization of the side groups on the AA core had a current efficiency of 8.97 cd/A, power efficiency of 4.43 lm/W, external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.37%, and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates (CIE) of (0.14, 0.19). TPB-AA-TPA also maintained blue emission and realized the highest EL efficiency among the six synthesized materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Six materials were synthesized by systematically changing the side groups on the AA core. </LI> <LI> Type (B) showed higher EL efficiency than Type (A) due to the electron donating effect of side group. </LI> <LI> TPB-AA-TPA(6) with a bulky size group and aromatic amine side group, showed the highest EL efficiency. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Clara Yongjoo Park,Garam Jo,Juhee Lee,Gitanjali M. Singh,Jong-Tae Lee,Min-Jeong Shin 한국영양학회 2020 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.14 No.5
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sodium intake is positively associated with blood pressure, which may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, we assessed the disease burden of CVD attributable to sodium intakes above 2,000 mg/day and prospectively investigated the association between dietary/urinary sodium levels and the risk of all-cause and CVD-mortality using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 68,578 and 33,113 participants were included for comparative risk assessment (CRA) analysis and mortality analysis, respectively, and mean follow-up time for mortality was 5.4 years. CRA analysis was used to quantify attributable incidences of stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and deaths attributable to sodium intake between 1998 and 2016. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine the association between sodium intake and all-cause and CVD-mortality. RESULTS: Mean dietary sodium intake decreased over time, reaching 3,647 mg/day in 2016. Similarly, the population attributable fractions of stroke and IHD, and the number of CVD-associated deaths attributable to high sodium intake/excretion also decreased. In terms of association with mortality, when participants were grouped into quartiles (Q) by energyadjusted sodium intake, those in Q2 had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than those in Q1 with lower intakes. The risk of CVD-associated mortality was higher only in females with high sodium intake in Q4 than those in Q1. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide data indicates that, in line with previous studies of multiple cohorts, both low and high sodium intakes may be associated with an increased risk of mortality; therefore, the optimal sodium intake for Koreans needs to be revised.
Jang, Yongdae,Choi, Garam,Hong, Seokho,Jo, Inseong,Ahn, Jinsook,Choi, Sang Ho,Ha, Nam-Chul Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.4
LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) contain an N-terminal DNA binding domain (DBD) and a C-terminal regulatory domain (RD). Typically, LTTRs function as homotetramers. VV2_1132 was identified in Vibrio vulnificus as an LTTR that is a homologue of HypT (also known as YjiE or QseD) in Escherichia coli. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of full-length VV2_1132 at a resolution of $2.2{\AA}$, thereby revealing a novel combination of the domains in the tetrameric assembly. Only one DBD dimer in the tetramer can bind to DNA, because the DNA binding motifs of the other DBD dimer are completely buried in the tetrameric assembly. Structural and functional analyses of VV2_1132 suggest that it might not perform the same role as E. coli HypT, indicating that further study is required to elucidate the function of this gene in V. vulnificus. The unique structure of VV2_1132 extends our knowledge of LTTR function and mechanisms of action.