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Lee, Haeyoung,Han, Sang-Ok,Ryoo, Sang-Boom,Lee, Jeong-Soon,Lee, Gang-Woong Copernicus GmbH 2019 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.19 No.4
<P>Abstract. To understand the carbon cycle at policy-relevant spatial scales, a high density of high-quality CO2 measurement sites is needed. In 2012, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) installed CO2 monitoring systems at Anmyeondo (AMY) in the west, Jejudo Gosan Suwolbong (JGS) in the southwest, and Ulleungdo (ULD) in the east of South Korea. Three stations were instrumented with identical greenhouse gas measurement systems based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and a new drying system developed by KMA and the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). This drying system is suitable in humid areas; water vapor measured using CRDS in ambient air was 0.001 % to 0.004 % across the stations. Measurement uncertainties expressed by the quadrature sum of the uncertainties from the drying system, scale propagations, repeatability, and reproducibility were ∼0.11 ppm from all KMA stations in the 68 % confidence interval. Average monthly CO2 enhancements above the local background at each station were 4.3±3.3 ppm at AMY, 1.7±1.3 ppm at JGS, and 1±1.9 ppm (1σ) at ULD, respectively, during 2012 to 2016. At AMY station, located between China and South Korea, CO2 annual means and seasonal variations are also greater than the other KMA stations, indicating that it is affected not only by local vegetation, but also added anthropogenic sources. Selected baseline CO2 at AMY and at JGS in the west of South Korea is more sensitive to East Asia (e.g., China) according to wind direction and speed. Through the comparison of long-term trends and growth rates at AMY with other East Asian stations over 15 years, it was suggested that they could be affected not only by local vegetation but also by measurement quality. </P>
Sujin Gang,최영록,Boram Lee,Kyung Chul Yoon,Su young Hong,Sanggyun Suh,Eui Soo Han,Suk Kyun Hong,Hae Won Lee,Jai Young Cho,Nam-Joon Yi,Kwang-Woong Lee,Kyung-Suk Suh 대한외과학회 2023 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.104 No.4
Purpose: Liver grafts from donors with HBV infection contributed to expanding the donor pool under the hepatitis B immunoglobulin and antiviral agents (nucleos(t)ide analogues) in the HBV-endemic area. We report long-term outcomes of liver transplantations (LTs) using grafts from donors with active or chronic HBV infection. Methods: Overall, 2,260 LTs performed in 3 major hospitals in Seoul from January 2000 to April 2019 were assessed for inclusion. Twenty-six grafts (1.2%) were obtained from HBsAg (+), HBeAb (+), or HBcAb (+) donors, and recipient outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Donor and recipient demographics and transplantation outcomes were analyzed. Results: Sixteen deceased donor LTs were performed using active HBsAg (+) grafts. Ten other LTs were sourced from 10 living donors. There was no significant difference in survival in patients who received deceased donor LTs compared with that in those who underwent LT with non–hepatitis virus-infected grafts. Fourteen patients who were followed up for >5 years were stable, and no difference in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence rate was observed 5 years after transplantation between transplants from donors with and those without HBV. Conclusion: Considering long-term outcomes, liver grafts from donors with active HBV replication can be safely used for LT.
KoFlux: A New Tool to Study the Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in Asia
Joon Kim,Wonsik Kim,Byong-lyol Lee,Ki-hyun Kim,Kyu-rang Kim,Min-young Kim,Bang-yong Lee,Do-won Lee,Gang-woong Lee,Jeong-taek Lee,Jong-hwan Lim,Jai-ho Oh,Eun-woo Park,Jae-seol Shim,Jin-il Yun,Chae-shik 한국기상학회 2002 대기 Vol.12 No.1