토양중 신생 및 숙성 Bentazon 잔유물의 벼에 의한 흡수

이재구,경기성,Fuhr, F 한국농화학회 1989 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.32 No.4

The amounts of ^(14)CO₂ evolved during the ^(14)C-bentazon aging in soil for 3 and 6 months were 6.1 and 14.8% of the original radioactivity, respectively. The presence of earthworms in soil tended to increase the uptake of ^(14)C-bentazon by the roots of rice plants, even if it was not statistically significant. The evolution of ^(14)CO₂ from ^(14)C-bentazon in soil increased in the presence of rice plants and earthworms compared with in the absence of them. The uptake of ^(14)C-bentazon residues by rice plants decreased remarkably with increasing the aging period within the limit of 3 months both in the absence and presence of earthworms, but there is not much difference between 3-month-aging and 6-month-aging. Much larger amounts of ^(14)C-labelled compounds were translocated to the shoots, compared with the data from a previous investigation using maize plants. The amount of non-extractable bound residue increased remarkably with the aging period up to 3 months. The polarity of the compounds extracted from soil increased with the aging and the growing of rice plants, indicating the formation of some polar metabolites.

Formation of Bentazon Residues in a German and Korean Agricultural Soil

Lee, Jae-Koo,Fuhr, F.,Mittelstaedt, W. The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Benzene환(環)이 균일하게 표지된 제초제 $^{14}C-Bentazon$(3-isopropyl-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazin-4-one-2, 2-dioxide)을 서독과 한국의 토양에 5.51 ㎎/㎏과 25.05㎎/㎏의 두 수준으로 처리하여 $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 105일간 호기적으로 배양했을때 두 토양에서 모두 $^{14}CO_2$로 분해되는 속도는 주당 0.6%와 0.2%이었다. Bentazon을 처리한 토양을 용매로 추출한 결과 증류수가 가장 우수한 용매임이 밝혀졌고 용매로 추출이 불가능한 Bentazon 토양 잔류물은 25.05 ㎎/㎏을 처리한 토양에서보다는 5.51 ㎎/㎏을 처리한 토양에서 모두 최초 시용량에 대하여 보다 높은 비율로 형성되었다. Benzene-ring-labelled $^{14}C-Bentazon$(3-isopropyl-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazin-4-one-2, 2-dioxide) incubated aerobically in a German and a Korean soil at application rates of 5.51 and 25.05mg/Kg was mineralized to $^{14}CO_2$ at average rates of 0.6% and 0. 2%/week, respectively, in both soils, in the absence of plants. Distilled water was the most suitable solvent for the extraction of Bentazontreated soils. Extraction results disclosed that higher percentages of nonextractable residues were formed in the lower concentration of 5.51mg/Kg than in the higher concentration of 25.05mg/Kg, relative to the initial concentrations.

독일과 한국토양중에서 Bentazon 의 잔류물의 생물에 의한 이용

Lee, Jae-Koo,Fuhr, F.,Mittelstaedt, W. 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Benzene 환(環)이 균일하게 표식(標識)된 $^{14}C-Bentazon$(5.02 mg/kg)을 재배직전에 처리한 독일 및 한국의 토양 (T-0)에서 21일간 생육한 옥수수는 처리된 방사능의 $36.0{\sim}42.8%$를 흡수하였다. 반면 $^{14}C-Bentazon$ 으로 처리하고 105일 동안 전배양(pre-incubation)한 토양$(4.79{\sim}4.84mg/kg)$ (T-1)에서는 $8.2{\sim}14.2%를 흡수하였으며 추출이 불가능한 잔류물을 만들기 위하여 105일 동안 전배양한후 증류수와 0.01M $CaCl_2$ 수용액으로 방사능을 완전히 추출한 토양$(5.56{\sim}7.95mg/kg)$ (T-2)에서는 $1.8{\sim}2.3%$를 흡수하였다. 흡수된 방사능의 지상부와 뿌리간의 분포는 각각 $2.7{\sim}9.7%와 $90.3{\sim}97.3%이었다. 옥수수 뿌리를 유기용매로 추출한 결과 T-0에서는 $39.l{\sim}51.3%, T-1 에서는 $55.7{\sim}63.1%가 뿌리에 강력하게 흡착 또는 결합되어 있음을 알 수 있고 이것은 Bentazon 과 그의 극성대사물질들이 접합체의 형태로 뿌리에 존재함을 암시해 준다. Maize plants, grown on a German soil and a Korean soil which had treated with benzene-ring-labelled $^{14}C-Bentazon$ (5.02mg/kg) immediately before planting (T-0), took up $36.0{\sim}42.8%$ of the radioactivity present during a 21 day growing period. Plants grown on the same soils $(4.79{\sim}4.84mg/kg)$ which had been treated with Bentazon and pre-incubeted for 105days absorbed $8.2{\sim}14.2%$ (T-1) of the radioactivity. Plants grown in soils $(5.56{\sim}7.95mg/kg)$ treated with Bentazon which had been incubated for 105 days and then exhaustively extracted with distilled water and/or 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ to produce non-extractable residues (T-2) took up $1.8{\sim}2.3%$ of the radioactivity. The distribution of the absorbed radioactivity ranged from 2.7 to 9.7% in shoots and from 90.3 to 97.3% in roots. Extraction of maize roots revealed that $39.1{\sim}51.3%$ of the radioactivity was bound in T-0 and $55.7{\sim}63.1%$ was bound in T-1, This suggests hat polar metabolites and parent Bentazon might be present as conjugates.

Fate of the herbicide bensulfuron-methyl in a soil/rice plant microecosystem

Jae Koo Lee(이재구),F. Fuhr,Jeong Wook Kwon(권정욱),Ki Chang Ahn(안기창),Ju Hyoung Park(박주형),Yong Pil Lee(이용필) 한국농약과학회 2004 농약과학회지 Vol.8 No.4

Behaviour of bentazon in the rice plant grown lysimeters throughout two growing seasons

Fuhr, F,Lee, Jae Koo,Kyung, Kee Sung 한국농화학회 1991 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.34 No.2

When the herbicide ^(14)C-bentazon was applied to the 0.25㎡ lysimeters by the conventional method for the control of weeks of rice plants, 2.92%(lysimeter I)-17.08% (lysimeter II) of the originally applied radioactivities up to the 85th week after the application were percolated in total. The ^(14)C-radioactivities detected in straw, ear without rice grain. chaff, and hulled rice grain after harvest corresponded to 2.5∼3.2, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.03 ppm, respectively, in the first year, and 0.5∼0.6. 0.06∼0.08. 0.03. and 0.02 ppm, respectively, in the second year. in the two lysimeters. When ^(14)C-bentazon was incubated in soil at 15℃, 22℃, and 30℃, the amounts of ^(14)CO₂ evolved were 0.74%, 2.46% and 6.4%, respectively. of the originally applied radioactivity, suggesting that the degradation of bentazon in soil increased with soil temperature The number of microorganisms and the dehydrogenase activity of the lysimeter soil increased slightly after rice planting compared with pre-planting. ^(14)C-Radioactivities remaining in the 0∼40 cm soil depth were approximately 79.33% and 34.22% of the originally applied ones in lysimeter I and II at the end of the 2 years growing seasons, respectively. The activities of microorganisms in different soil layers were compared in terms of the amounts of ^(14)CO₂evolved. when soils of each layer were incubated at 30℃. Much higher amounts of ^(14)CO₂were evolved at the top 10㎝ soil layer, suggesting a higher microbial biomass in the surface area.

Use of Lysimeters for Determining Pesticide Fate in Ag-roecosystems

F. fuhr 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 1995 農業科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

Use of Lysimeters for Determining Pesticide Fate in Agroecosystems

F . Fuhr,W . Mittelstaedt,T . Putz,A . Stork,M . Dust 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 1995 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1995 No.2

독일과 한국토양중에서 Bentazon 의 잔류물의 생물에 의한 이용

이재구,Fuhr, F,Mittelstaedt, W 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Benzene環이 균일하게 標識된 ^(14)C-Bentazon(5.02 ㎎/㎏)을 재배직전에 처리한 독일 및 한국의 토양 (T-0)에서 21일간 생육한 옥수수는 처리된 방사능의 36.0∼42.8%를 흡수하였다. 반면 ^(14)C-Bentazon으로 처리하고 105일 동안 전배양(pre-incubation)한 토양(4.79∼4.84㎎/㎏) (T-1)에서는 8.2∼14.2%를 흡수하였으며 추출이 불가능한 잔류물을 만들기 위하여 105일 동안 전배양한후 증류수와 0.01M CaCl₂ 수용액으로 방사능을 완전히 추출한 토양(5.56∼7.95㎎/㎏) (T-2)에서는 1.8∼2.3%를 흡수하였다. 흡수된 방사능의 지상부와 뿌리간의 분포는 각각 2.7∼9.7%와 90.3∼97.3%이었다. 옥수수 뿌리를 유기용매로 추출한 결과 T-0에서는 39.l∼51.3%, T-1 에서는 55.7∼63.1%가 뿌리에 강력하게 흡착 또는 결합되어 있음을 알 수 있고 이것은 Bentazon과 그의 극성대사물질들이 접합체의 형태로 뿌리에 존재함을 암시해 준다.

독일과 한국토양 중에서 Bentazon 잔류물의 형성

이재구,Fuhr, F,Mittelstaedt, W 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Benzene環이 균일하게 표지된 제초제 ^(14)C-Bentazon(3-isopropyl-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazin-4-one-2, 2-dioxide)을 서독과 한국의 토양에 5.51 ㎎/㎏과 25.05㎎/㎏의 두 수준으로 처리하여 23±1℃에서 105일간 호기적으로 배양했을때 두 토양에서 모두 ^(14)CO₂로 분해되는 속도는 주당 0.6%와 0.2%이었다. Bentazon을 처리한 토양을 용매로 추출한 결과 증류수가 가장 우수한 용매임이 밝혀졌고 용매로 추출이 불가능한 Bentazon 토양 잔류물은 25.05 ㎎/㎏을 처리한 토양에서보다는 5.51 ㎎/㎏을 처리한 토양에서 모두 최초 시용량에 대하여 보다 높은 비율로 형성되었다. Benzene-ring-labelled ^(14)C-Bentazon(3-isopropyl-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazin-4-one-2, 2-dioxide) incubated aerobically in a German and a Korean soil at application rates of 5.51 and 25.05㎎/㎏ was mineralized to ^(14)CO₂ at average rates of 0.6% and 0. 2%/week, respectively, in both soils, in the absence of plants. Distilled water was the most suitable solvent for the extraction of Bentazon-treated soils. Extraction results disclosed that higher percentages of non-extractable residues were formed in the lower concentration of 5.51㎎/㎏ than in the higher concentration of 25.05㎎/㎏, relative to the initial concentrations.

Anilide 계 살균제 Flutolanil 의 토양중 분해특성

이재구,F . Fuhr,경기성,안기창,권정욱 한국응용생명화학회 1994 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1994 No.1